Structural features of the vesicle of Frankia sp. CpI1
... The enzyme nitrogenase when exposed to molecular 1978). The polysaccharide is presumed to be pectic in oxygen is labile; this general characteristic of nitrogennature (Lalonde and Knowles 1975b) and is synthesized ase observed in all in vitro preparations is equally true of and assembled by host cel ...
... The enzyme nitrogenase when exposed to molecular 1978). The polysaccharide is presumed to be pectic in oxygen is labile; this general characteristic of nitrogennature (Lalonde and Knowles 1975b) and is synthesized ase observed in all in vitro preparations is equally true of and assembled by host cel ...
Myosin V Plays an Essential Role in the Thyroid Hormone
... levels are elevated, enzyme turnover is slow, and the microfilaments are disrupted (4, 7). Addition of T4 or rT3, but not the transcriptionally active T3, causes the rapid restoration of the microfilaments and activates actin-based endocytosis of D2containing vesicles, leading to a rapid fall in D2 ...
... levels are elevated, enzyme turnover is slow, and the microfilaments are disrupted (4, 7). Addition of T4 or rT3, but not the transcriptionally active T3, causes the rapid restoration of the microfilaments and activates actin-based endocytosis of D2containing vesicles, leading to a rapid fall in D2 ...
Molecular Modeling of Substrate Binding in Wild
... 332 and 381, Fig. 2A and B) that are present within the active site of DKGR A in the X-ray structure, and were predicted to be displaced by polar atoms of the bound substrate,5 were deleted. A continuous real-time energy calculation was used to manually position the substrate in the active site of D ...
... 332 and 381, Fig. 2A and B) that are present within the active site of DKGR A in the X-ray structure, and were predicted to be displaced by polar atoms of the bound substrate,5 were deleted. A continuous real-time energy calculation was used to manually position the substrate in the active site of D ...
PDF - DigiNole! - Florida State University
... 332 and 381, Fig. 2A and B) that are present within the active site of DKGR A in the X-ray structure, and were predicted to be displaced by polar atoms of the bound substrate,5 were deleted. A continuous real-time energy calculation was used to manually position the substrate in the active site of D ...
... 332 and 381, Fig. 2A and B) that are present within the active site of DKGR A in the X-ray structure, and were predicted to be displaced by polar atoms of the bound substrate,5 were deleted. A continuous real-time energy calculation was used to manually position the substrate in the active site of D ...
213 porters and neurotransmitter transporters
... transporters were the first to be cloned and sequenced (Liu et al. 1992d; Erickson et al. 1992; Krejci et al. 1993). Recently, cDNAs encoding vesicular acetylcholine transporters in Caenorhabditis elegance and Torpedo marmorata electric lobe were cloned, sequenced and shown to have a high degree of ...
... transporters were the first to be cloned and sequenced (Liu et al. 1992d; Erickson et al. 1992; Krejci et al. 1993). Recently, cDNAs encoding vesicular acetylcholine transporters in Caenorhabditis elegance and Torpedo marmorata electric lobe were cloned, sequenced and shown to have a high degree of ...
Neurotransmitter Release
... only in the 20th century. It was embedded in a larger debate of whether neurons form a “reticular” network of connected cells, or a network of cells whose connections are discontinuous (the so-called neuron theory). Like with everything else in neuroscience, Ramón y Cajal is usually credited with t ...
... only in the 20th century. It was embedded in a larger debate of whether neurons form a “reticular” network of connected cells, or a network of cells whose connections are discontinuous (the so-called neuron theory). Like with everything else in neuroscience, Ramón y Cajal is usually credited with t ...
Neurobiology of ADHD Gail Tripp , Review
... effect. To date no single gene has been discovered to play a major role though several gene associations have been found. The most studied are genetic variations in the dopamine D4 receptor (Swanson et al., 2000, 1998) and the dopamine transporter (DAT1) (Gill et al., 1997). Both of these have consi ...
... effect. To date no single gene has been discovered to play a major role though several gene associations have been found. The most studied are genetic variations in the dopamine D4 receptor (Swanson et al., 2000, 1998) and the dopamine transporter (DAT1) (Gill et al., 1997). Both of these have consi ...
Somatodendritic dopamine release - Philosophical Transactions of
... SNc DA neurons and VTA DA neurons are enriched in the Ca2þ-buffering proteins, calbindin-D28 K and calretinin, whereas the majority of ventral tier SNc DA neurons appear to lack these proteins [97]. This difference has been implicated in the Ca2þ dependence of somatodendritic DA release, with high c ...
... SNc DA neurons and VTA DA neurons are enriched in the Ca2þ-buffering proteins, calbindin-D28 K and calretinin, whereas the majority of ventral tier SNc DA neurons appear to lack these proteins [97]. This difference has been implicated in the Ca2þ dependence of somatodendritic DA release, with high c ...
Dopamine Deficiency in a Genetic Mouse Model of Lesch
... neurons, but quantitative autoradiographic studies revealed significant reductions in the binding of 3H-fV-[ l -(2-benzo(8)thiophenyl)cyclohexyllpiperidine (3H-BTCP) to dopamine uptake sites in the forebrain of the mutants. In contrast to these abnormalities of the dopamine systems in the mutant mic ...
... neurons, but quantitative autoradiographic studies revealed significant reductions in the binding of 3H-fV-[ l -(2-benzo(8)thiophenyl)cyclohexyllpiperidine (3H-BTCP) to dopamine uptake sites in the forebrain of the mutants. In contrast to these abnormalities of the dopamine systems in the mutant mic ...
Neurotransmitter Transporters in the Central Nervous System
... cellular loops and the presence of an additional N-glycosylation site in the fourth extracellular loop (Fig. 2). The four transporter-like proteins have significant homology (;20 –30%) with the “classical” members such as the DA, serotonin, GABA, or glycine transporters. However, the overall percent ...
... cellular loops and the presence of an additional N-glycosylation site in the fourth extracellular loop (Fig. 2). The four transporter-like proteins have significant homology (;20 –30%) with the “classical” members such as the DA, serotonin, GABA, or glycine transporters. However, the overall percent ...
Protective and toxic roles of dopamine in Parkinsons disease
... vesicles have an ATPase that pump up protons into the vesicles using ATP, generating a pH decrease and proton gradient that is coupled to dopamine uptake mediated by VMAT-2 because for one dopamine molecule uptake into the vesicles one proton is released to the cytosol. The low pH inside the monoami ...
... vesicles have an ATPase that pump up protons into the vesicles using ATP, generating a pH decrease and proton gradient that is coupled to dopamine uptake mediated by VMAT-2 because for one dopamine molecule uptake into the vesicles one proton is released to the cytosol. The low pH inside the monoami ...
Substrate specificity of the periplasmic dipeptide
... Pure dipeptide-binding protein (DppA) from Escherichia coli was studied in a filter binding assay to determine its binding specificity. A substrate :DppA stoichiometry of 1 :1 was found with both [14C]AlaAla and Ala[14C]Phe. Surprisingly, substrate binding did not vary over the pH range pH 3–95. Di ...
... Pure dipeptide-binding protein (DppA) from Escherichia coli was studied in a filter binding assay to determine its binding specificity. A substrate :DppA stoichiometry of 1 :1 was found with both [14C]AlaAla and Ala[14C]Phe. Surprisingly, substrate binding did not vary over the pH range pH 3–95. Di ...
Dopamine: the rewarding years
... not act in isolation, but exist in a complex that includes regulatory and scaffolding molecules, which in turn could offer novel drug targets, but more importantly may hold the key to understanding how environmental factors produce long-term or irreversible effects on neurotransmission. As already m ...
... not act in isolation, but exist in a complex that includes regulatory and scaffolding molecules, which in turn could offer novel drug targets, but more importantly may hold the key to understanding how environmental factors produce long-term or irreversible effects on neurotransmission. As already m ...
Allosteric pathways in imidazole glycerol phosphate synthase
... and/or thermodynamic parameters of the biochemical reaction in the active site. Allosteric information transfer can range from large, enthalpically driven conformational changes to purely entropically driven motions or a combination of both enthalpic and entropic effects, but in each case the kineti ...
... and/or thermodynamic parameters of the biochemical reaction in the active site. Allosteric information transfer can range from large, enthalpically driven conformational changes to purely entropically driven motions or a combination of both enthalpic and entropic effects, but in each case the kineti ...
Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs): The three musketeers of
... 1998, Johnson 1994, Newman and Zahs 1998, Sulzer et al. 1998). These cells however, failed to express any of the known VGLUTs. That is why scientists started to look for another glutamate transporter and in 2002 the third member of the vesicular glutamate transporter family VGLUT3 was identified ( ...
... 1998, Johnson 1994, Newman and Zahs 1998, Sulzer et al. 1998). These cells however, failed to express any of the known VGLUTs. That is why scientists started to look for another glutamate transporter and in 2002 the third member of the vesicular glutamate transporter family VGLUT3 was identified ( ...
Afferents of dopamine neurons
... Bevan, Booth, Eaton, and Bolam. (1998) J. Neurosci. 18: 9438-9452 Sadek, Magill and Bolam unpublished ...
... Bevan, Booth, Eaton, and Bolam. (1998) J. Neurosci. 18: 9438-9452 Sadek, Magill and Bolam unpublished ...
Neurotransmitter Transporters
... The response produced when a transmitter interacts with its receptors, the synaptic potential, is the fundamental unit of communication between neurons. Whether this is a brief excitatory postsynaptic potential triggered by glutamate or a slow shift in the membrane potential produced by noradrenalin ...
... The response produced when a transmitter interacts with its receptors, the synaptic potential, is the fundamental unit of communication between neurons. Whether this is a brief excitatory postsynaptic potential triggered by glutamate or a slow shift in the membrane potential produced by noradrenalin ...
Dopaminergic Transmission and Wake
... adrenaline) is tyrosine hydroxylase (TyH), which converts L-tyrosine to L-DOPA. The carboxyl group is removed from L-DOPA by the enzyme DOPA decarboxylase to form dopamine. The action of dopamine is limited by reuptake into the presynaptic terminal by a sodium and chloride dependent transport proces ...
... adrenaline) is tyrosine hydroxylase (TyH), which converts L-tyrosine to L-DOPA. The carboxyl group is removed from L-DOPA by the enzyme DOPA decarboxylase to form dopamine. The action of dopamine is limited by reuptake into the presynaptic terminal by a sodium and chloride dependent transport proces ...
Placental Transporters Relevant to Drug Distribution across the
... norepinephrine with low affinity, lack of requirement for Na⫹ or Cl⫺ for transport function, and sensitivity to inhibition by steroids (Trendelenburg, 1988). This transporter was originally named uptake2 to differentiate it from uptake1 which is the Na⫹- and Cl⫺-coupled norepinephrine transporter (N ...
... norepinephrine with low affinity, lack of requirement for Na⫹ or Cl⫺ for transport function, and sensitivity to inhibition by steroids (Trendelenburg, 1988). This transporter was originally named uptake2 to differentiate it from uptake1 which is the Na⫹- and Cl⫺-coupled norepinephrine transporter (N ...
Methamphetamine Users in Sustained Abstinence
... in human methamphetamine users. In 1 of the first positron emission tomography studies, McCann et al21 reported striatal dopamine transporter abnormalities in methamphetamine-dependent subjects who had remained abstinent for approximately 3 years. In contrast, Volkow et al23,26 reported evidence of ...
... in human methamphetamine users. In 1 of the first positron emission tomography studies, McCann et al21 reported striatal dopamine transporter abnormalities in methamphetamine-dependent subjects who had remained abstinent for approximately 3 years. In contrast, Volkow et al23,26 reported evidence of ...
propofol alters vesicular transport in rat cortical neuronal cultures
... Fig. 1. Propofol induces retrograde vesicle movement and increase vesicular velocity in neurons. (A) A neuron in Ca2+-containing medium (CCM) is shown 5 minutes (time -5) before exposure to propofol in a differential interference contrast image, with the cell body to the left and a branched neurite ...
... Fig. 1. Propofol induces retrograde vesicle movement and increase vesicular velocity in neurons. (A) A neuron in Ca2+-containing medium (CCM) is shown 5 minutes (time -5) before exposure to propofol in a differential interference contrast image, with the cell body to the left and a branched neurite ...
Amyloid-Beta Induced Changes in Vesicular Transport of BDNF in
... provide insights into the cellular mechanism underlying, for example, Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To analyze the role of BDNF transport in AD, live cell imaging of fluorescently labeled BDNF was performed in hippocampal neurons of different AD model systems. BDNF and APP colocalized with low incidence ...
... provide insights into the cellular mechanism underlying, for example, Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To analyze the role of BDNF transport in AD, live cell imaging of fluorescently labeled BDNF was performed in hippocampal neurons of different AD model systems. BDNF and APP colocalized with low incidence ...
Table of Contents - The Mind Project
... Here are the big picture ideas, that students should walk away with after each tutorial section. ...
... Here are the big picture ideas, that students should walk away with after each tutorial section. ...
SODIUM-COUPLED TRANSPORTERS FOR KREBS CYCLE
... uptake at pH 5.5. This study is consistent with electrogenic transport of divalent citrate in pig intestine and supports a coupling stoichiometry of 3 Na+:1 divalent anion substrate (69). Interestingly, another study of succinate transport in pig intestine reported very low rates of sodium-coupled t ...
... uptake at pH 5.5. This study is consistent with electrogenic transport of divalent citrate in pig intestine and supports a coupling stoichiometry of 3 Na+:1 divalent anion substrate (69). Interestingly, another study of succinate transport in pig intestine reported very low rates of sodium-coupled t ...
Identification of the Human Erythrocyte Glucose Transporter (GLUT1
... cardiomyocyte plasma membranes and intercalated discs (Doria et ...
... cardiomyocyte plasma membranes and intercalated discs (Doria et ...