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12 Accounting for Partnerships
12 Accounting for Partnerships

... partnership agreement should contain provisions for settlement. These provisions usually require: 1. Closing the books to determine income or loss since the end of the previous period, and 2. Determining and recording current market values for both assets and liabilities. Settlement of the deceased ...
Assets = Liabilities + Equity
Assets = Liabilities + Equity

... (goods or services for money) the event describes the business action (e.g. cash disbursement, sale, etc.) the agents are the people involved in the exchange (e.g., the customer) ...
ESG: How not to tick the box in 401(k)
ESG: How not to tick the box in 401(k)

Probability of Default for Microfinance Institutions
Probability of Default for Microfinance Institutions

... missing typically indicate that the information is difficult to obtain. This information should therefore not be included in the final model » Factors must be intuitive. Experienced credit analysts should be familiar with the factor and its relationship with credit risk given the credit culture in w ...
The Gain-Loss Spread: A New and Intuitive
The Gain-Loss Spread: A New and Intuitive

Earnings per share
Earnings per share

... convertible bonds, participating securities, differing classes of common stock, and contingent share are referred to as potential common shares if they are securities that can be used by the holder to acquire common stock. A corporation with a complex capital structure is required to report both bas ...
How to Read a Value Line Fund Advisor Report
How to Read a Value Line Fund Advisor Report

... fund against an aggressive growth fund, since they have completely different portfolios and investment objectives. By ranking across three separate groups, the Value Line Ranking System provides meaningful comparisons between both individual funds and types of funds, without blurring the distinction ...
developing expected return and risk assumptions
developing expected return and risk assumptions

... beyond the risk-free return is often the largest and most volatile component of expected return, hence the most difficult to forecast. With these caveats in mind, PCA begins its analysis by examining the trends of various return risk premiums over time, not merely their averages. The behaviors of th ...
Challenges in advanced management accounting
Challenges in advanced management accounting

... possibilities. At one extreme, there are what are referred to as transaction-based exchanges: here, buyer and seller simply exchange products and services for money and at the end of the exchange there is very little likelihood that they will do business with each other again. A one-off purchase fro ...
Policies and Procedures
Policies and Procedures

... 10. Security and collateral: Funding may require that 49SAF receives preferred position and/or stock, or securitizes intellectual property or other assets. All such details will be outlined in the term sheet provided by 49SAF and corresponding legal documents. Other forms of collateral or credit enh ...
Ashmore Emerging Markets Liquid Investment Portfolio Ashmore
Ashmore Emerging Markets Liquid Investment Portfolio Ashmore

JOIM - CSInvesting
JOIM - CSInvesting

... For example the overall …rm average of leverage is 44% while …rms that are about to fail have an average leverage of 73.7%. This higher level is 1.05 standard deviations higher than the overall mean. When interpreting the statistics, it is important to remember a few things about the sample and the ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES PREDICTABLE RETURNS AND ASSET ALLOCATION:
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES PREDICTABLE RETURNS AND ASSET ALLOCATION:

... investor who is quite skeptical about predictability to vary his portfolio on the basis of these variables. The resulting weights, however, are much less volatile than for an investor who allocates his portfolio purely based on data. To see whether the skeptical prior would have been helpful in the ...
Chapter 11
Chapter 11

... Rambo Exterminator Company bought a “Bug Eradicator” in April of 2008 that provided a return of 7 percent. It was financed by debt costing 6 percent. In August, Mr. Rambo came up with an “entire bug colony destroying” device that had a return of 12 percent. The Chief Financial Officer, Mr. Roach, to ...
Who are the Value and Growth Investors?
Who are the Value and Growth Investors?

Explanatory Notes Governance N.V.
Explanatory Notes Governance N.V.

... Voting right and related rights See above under caption Capital Structure - Share Capital - Rights attached to ordinary shares and rights attached to preferred shares. Dividends, allocation of annual net profits and other financial rights There is no interruption in the entitlement to dividends afte ...
Technology Industry on Financial Ratios and Stock Returns
Technology Industry on Financial Ratios and Stock Returns

... sharemarket investor. That is why investors should find and analyze financial ratios by themselves then compare with consensus from analysts in order to avoid mislead from unpublished company information as rumors and perceive desirable return (Gao & Oler, 2011). Furthermore, this study focuses only ...
Chapter 11
Chapter 11

... Rambo Exterminator Company bought a “Bug Eradicator” in April of 2004 that provided a return of 7 percent. It was financed by debt costing 6 percent. In August, Mr. Rambo came up with an “entire bug colony destroying” device that had a return of 12 percent. The Chief Financial Officer, Mr. Roach, to ...
Empirical Determinants and Patterns of Research and Development
Empirical Determinants and Patterns of Research and Development

... Especially since Krugman’s (1994) commentary on the nature of Asia’s high growth in the 1980s, much emphasis has been placed on the role of technological progress in sustaining economic growth in the region. Research and development (R&D) investment, the vital force behind innovation, was naturally ...
Major Points
Major Points

Dynamic Volatility Targeting
Dynamic Volatility Targeting

... asset falls, but more importantly, the rate of the increase in the price of puts increases as the price of the underlying asset falls. Conversely, the rate of the decrease in the price of puts decreases as the price of the underlying asset rises. This characteristic is unique to a long options posit ...
Revisiting the Role of Insurance Company ALM
Revisiting the Role of Insurance Company ALM

... Against this backdrop, insurers were faced with the difficult task of raising capital when conditions were most difficult. Adding to the challenge, liquidity needs were increasing as product sales were falling and concerns were growing about the possibility of increased policy surrenders and withdra ...
Stock Split Revisited: Evidence from U.S. and China Sheridan
Stock Split Revisited: Evidence from U.S. and China Sheridan

... sample in 1999 and end in 2014, so there is one additional year of data (2015) to examine postannouncement returns. We screen out stocks splits that fail to report trading in the three day window around split announcement date. This is to eliminate confounding events as trading halts occur around in ...
Housing and Portfolio Choice: A Life Cycle Simulation Model
Housing and Portfolio Choice: A Life Cycle Simulation Model

Long Term Capital Gains Tax Strategies
Long Term Capital Gains Tax Strategies

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Modified Dietz method

The modified Dietz method is a measure of the historical performance of an investment portfolio in the presence of external flows. (External flows are movements of value such as transfers of cash, securities or other instruments in or out of the portfolio, with no equal simultaneous movement of value in the opposite direction, and which are not income from the investments in the portfolio, such as interest, coupons or dividends.) To calculate the modified Dietz return, divide the gain or loss in value, net of external flows, by the average capital over the period of measurement. The result of the calculation is expressed as a percentage rate of return for the time period. The average capital weights individual cash flows by the amount of time from when those cash flows occur until the end of the period.This method has the practical advantage over Internal Rate of Return (IRR) that it does not require repeated trial and error to get a result.The cash flows used in the formula are weighted based on the time they occurred in the period. For example if they occurred in the beginning of the month they would have a higher weight than if they occurred at the end of the month. This is different from the simple Dietz method, in which the cash flows are weighted equally regardless of when they occurred during the measurement period, which works on an assumption that the flows are distributed evenly throughout the period.With the advance of technology in the past 15 years, most systems can calculate a true time-weighted return by calculating a daily return and geometrically linking in order to get a monthly, quarterly, annual or any other period return. However, the modified Dietz method remains useful for performance attribution, because it still has the advantage of allowing modified Deitz returns on assets to be combined with weights in a portfolio, calculated according to average invested capital, and the weighted average gives the modified Dietz return on the portfolio. Time weighted returns do not allow this.This method for return calculation is used in modern portfolio management. It is one of the methodologies of calculating returns recommended by the Investment Performance Council (IPC) as part of their Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS). The GIPS standard is intended to standardize the way portfolio returns are calculated internationally.The method is named after Peter O. Dietz.
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