Fine Tuning of Sympathetic Transmitter Release via Ionotropic and
... nerve ending or from a different axon terminal. In the first situation, the receptor involved is a presynaptic autoreceptor, whereas in the second situation, the receptor is called a presynaptic heteroreceptor. Although the functions of presynaptic heteroreceptors were elucidated first, the detectio ...
... nerve ending or from a different axon terminal. In the first situation, the receptor involved is a presynaptic autoreceptor, whereas in the second situation, the receptor is called a presynaptic heteroreceptor. Although the functions of presynaptic heteroreceptors were elucidated first, the detectio ...
Melatonin Receptors Trigger cAMP Production and Inhibit Chloride
... (Bonferroni post tests) and Student’s t test, when needed. Value of P , 0.05 was taken as significant. ...
... (Bonferroni post tests) and Student’s t test, when needed. Value of P , 0.05 was taken as significant. ...
Two different but converging messenger pathways to intracellular
... (Galione et al., 1991; Meszaros et al., 1993). cADPR can elicit cytosolic Ca2+ spiking in pancreatic acinar cells (Thorn et al., 1994) and cADPR receptors are involved in the response to a physiological CCK stimulus, since the cADPR antagonist 8-NH2-cADPR (Walseth and Lee, 1993; Cancela and Petersen ...
... (Galione et al., 1991; Meszaros et al., 1993). cADPR can elicit cytosolic Ca2+ spiking in pancreatic acinar cells (Thorn et al., 1994) and cADPR receptors are involved in the response to a physiological CCK stimulus, since the cADPR antagonist 8-NH2-cADPR (Walseth and Lee, 1993; Cancela and Petersen ...
Hormones and Signal Transduction III
... RAS RAS is a Family of Related Proteins Each is Monomeric and like the α-subunit of G-Proteins RAS Proteins Bind Guanine Nucleotides RAS Swaps GDP for GTP on Activation RAS Slowly Cleaves GTP to GDP ...
... RAS RAS is a Family of Related Proteins Each is Monomeric and like the α-subunit of G-Proteins RAS Proteins Bind Guanine Nucleotides RAS Swaps GDP for GTP on Activation RAS Slowly Cleaves GTP to GDP ...
The immunomodulatory actions of adenosine during systemic
... by systemic inflammation. During murine peritonitis, the extracellular adenosine concentration increased rapidly as a consequence of increased formation of adenosine along with a decrease in degradation of adenosine.20 Also in humans in vivo, systemic inflammation changes the circulating adenosine c ...
... by systemic inflammation. During murine peritonitis, the extracellular adenosine concentration increased rapidly as a consequence of increased formation of adenosine along with a decrease in degradation of adenosine.20 Also in humans in vivo, systemic inflammation changes the circulating adenosine c ...
Chapter 16—Probes for Endocytosis, Receptors and Ion Channels
... 16.1 Probes for Following Receptor Binding and Phagocytosis The plasma membrane defines the inside and outside of the cell. It not only encloses the cytosol to maintain the intracellular environment but also serves as a formidable barrier to the extracellular environment. Because cells require input ...
... 16.1 Probes for Following Receptor Binding and Phagocytosis The plasma membrane defines the inside and outside of the cell. It not only encloses the cytosol to maintain the intracellular environment but also serves as a formidable barrier to the extracellular environment. Because cells require input ...
Direct and Long-Range Action of a DPP Morphogen
... especially the proteins Bicoid and Hunchback, have attributes expected of classical gradient morphogens (reviewed by St Johnston and Nüsslein-Volhard, 1992). ...
... especially the proteins Bicoid and Hunchback, have attributes expected of classical gradient morphogens (reviewed by St Johnston and Nüsslein-Volhard, 1992). ...
Evolutionarily conserved recognition and innate immunity to fungal
... fungal-derived -glucan), acetylated low density lipoprotein (acLDL), poly I, fucoidan, and, to a lesser extent, mannan inhibited SCARF1 recognition of C. neoformans (Fig. 3, e and f). In contrast, addition of dextran, pullulan, or poly C had no effect. These results suggested that binding of C. neo ...
... fungal-derived -glucan), acetylated low density lipoprotein (acLDL), poly I, fucoidan, and, to a lesser extent, mannan inhibited SCARF1 recognition of C. neoformans (Fig. 3, e and f). In contrast, addition of dextran, pullulan, or poly C had no effect. These results suggested that binding of C. neo ...
Leukotriene B4 Triggers the In Vitro and In Vivo
... cells, CD8⫹ T cells, and PMN and exert their effects through an unknown receptor. Activated PMN not only secrete antimicrobial peptides/enzymes and chemokines/cytokines but also bioactive lipids. One important and well characterized lipid is leukotriene (LT) B4, a tetraunsaturated 20-carbon chain fa ...
... cells, CD8⫹ T cells, and PMN and exert their effects through an unknown receptor. Activated PMN not only secrete antimicrobial peptides/enzymes and chemokines/cytokines but also bioactive lipids. One important and well characterized lipid is leukotriene (LT) B4, a tetraunsaturated 20-carbon chain fa ...
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... most closely related to the Xenopus laevis orphan nuclear receptor 1 (ONR1) (Smith et al., 1994), with PXR.2 and ONR1 sharing 70% and 46% amino acid identity in their DNA-binding domains (DBDs) and LBDs, respectively (Figure 1B). Based upon this degree of homology, it is unclear at present whether P ...
... most closely related to the Xenopus laevis orphan nuclear receptor 1 (ONR1) (Smith et al., 1994), with PXR.2 and ONR1 sharing 70% and 46% amino acid identity in their DNA-binding domains (DBDs) and LBDs, respectively (Figure 1B). Based upon this degree of homology, it is unclear at present whether P ...
Neutrophils in the innate immune response
... Neutrophil “priming” was described by McPhail et al.133 in the early 1980s as the ability of a primary agonist, typically at a sub-stimulatory concentration, to influence/enhance superoxide production triggered by a second stimulus. Since that time, many studies have shown that neutrophils can be pr ...
... Neutrophil “priming” was described by McPhail et al.133 in the early 1980s as the ability of a primary agonist, typically at a sub-stimulatory concentration, to influence/enhance superoxide production triggered by a second stimulus. Since that time, many studies have shown that neutrophils can be pr ...
The Sympathetic Division
... explain how they relate to autonomic effects. – Explain how the ANS controls many target organs through dual innervation. – Explain how control is exerted in the absence of dual innervation. ...
... explain how they relate to autonomic effects. – Explain how the ANS controls many target organs through dual innervation. – Explain how control is exerted in the absence of dual innervation. ...
Full and Partial Agonists of Muscarinic M3 Receptors Reveal Single
... resulting Schild plot had a slope different from unity, perhaps as a consequence of the nonequilibrium conditions of the assay. ICI-118,551 caused a collapse of the noradrenaline concentration-response curve in the presence of 100 M methacholine, with little effect on the pEC50 values where these c ...
... resulting Schild plot had a slope different from unity, perhaps as a consequence of the nonequilibrium conditions of the assay. ICI-118,551 caused a collapse of the noradrenaline concentration-response curve in the presence of 100 M methacholine, with little effect on the pEC50 values where these c ...
Mechanisms of cross-talk between G-protein
... store. Not all studies have addressed the source of Ca2+ for potentiated signalling, but it is worthy of note that there are cases in which extracellular Ca2+ is required [3–8]. For example, the ability of Gα q/11 -coupled neurokinin 1 receptors to potentiate Ca2+ signalling by Gα i -coupled CXCR1/2 ...
... store. Not all studies have addressed the source of Ca2+ for potentiated signalling, but it is worthy of note that there are cases in which extracellular Ca2+ is required [3–8]. For example, the ability of Gα q/11 -coupled neurokinin 1 receptors to potentiate Ca2+ signalling by Gα i -coupled CXCR1/2 ...
Chapter 15:The Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Reflexes
... explain how they relate to autonomic effects. – Explain how the ANS controls many target organs through dual innervation. – Explain how control is exerted in the absence of dual innervation. ...
... explain how they relate to autonomic effects. – Explain how the ANS controls many target organs through dual innervation. – Explain how control is exerted in the absence of dual innervation. ...
Expression of biologically active mouse ciliary neutrophic factor
... The CNTF receptor (CNTFR) comprises three subunits: CNTFRa, leukemia inhibitory factor b receptor (LIFRb) and gp130 [40, 41]. CNTFRa is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) - anchored protein, which can also be found in a soluble form (sCNTFRa) [42]. The binding of CNTF to membrane bound or soluble ...
... The CNTF receptor (CNTFR) comprises three subunits: CNTFRa, leukemia inhibitory factor b receptor (LIFRb) and gp130 [40, 41]. CNTFRa is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) - anchored protein, which can also be found in a soluble form (sCNTFRa) [42]. The binding of CNTF to membrane bound or soluble ...
Creation of a Selective Antagonist and Agonist of the Rat VPAC1
... and exocrine secretion (Fahrenkrug, 1993). In addition to a neurotransmitter function, PACAP has been shown to be a neurotrophic factor that plays a role during the development of the brain (Arimura, 1998). These peptides act through three distinct receptors: the PAC1, VPAC1, and VPAC2 receptors. Th ...
... and exocrine secretion (Fahrenkrug, 1993). In addition to a neurotransmitter function, PACAP has been shown to be a neurotrophic factor that plays a role during the development of the brain (Arimura, 1998). These peptides act through three distinct receptors: the PAC1, VPAC1, and VPAC2 receptors. Th ...
The Cell Adhesion Molecule Neuroplastin
... are cell adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily that contain three or two extracellular immunoglobulin domains, respectively (26), which are derived from alternative splicing from a single gene. These proteins also contain a single transmembrane and a short intracellular domain. Both n ...
... are cell adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily that contain three or two extracellular immunoglobulin domains, respectively (26), which are derived from alternative splicing from a single gene. These proteins also contain a single transmembrane and a short intracellular domain. Both n ...
The Hype on the Endothelin Signaling System Muscarinic Receptor
... advances made in the field of the endothelin receptors and how Alomone Labs products have influenced the advances made. ...
... advances made in the field of the endothelin receptors and how Alomone Labs products have influenced the advances made. ...
Plant immune and growth receptors share common signalling
... changing how much it grows. Disease-causing microbes in the immediate environment represent another potential threat to plants. To detect these microbes, plant cells have proteins called “pattern recognition receptors” in their surface membranes that sense certain molecules from the microbes (simila ...
... changing how much it grows. Disease-causing microbes in the immediate environment represent another potential threat to plants. To detect these microbes, plant cells have proteins called “pattern recognition receptors” in their surface membranes that sense certain molecules from the microbes (simila ...
9_Hearing_Equilibrium - bloodhounds Incorporated
... connective tissue Olfactory axon Olfactory stem cell Olfactory sensory neuron Supporting cell Dendrite Olfactory cilia Route of inhaled air containing odor molecules ...
... connective tissue Olfactory axon Olfactory stem cell Olfactory sensory neuron Supporting cell Dendrite Olfactory cilia Route of inhaled air containing odor molecules ...
Poster
... post-synaptic cell triggering the synthesis and release of 2arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). 2-AG returns to the pre-synaptic cell binding to and activating CB1 receptors. THC mimics 2-AG action, and is used to study the ECS retrograde signaling system and its effect on appetite and mood. A protein from ...
... post-synaptic cell triggering the synthesis and release of 2arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). 2-AG returns to the pre-synaptic cell binding to and activating CB1 receptors. THC mimics 2-AG action, and is used to study the ECS retrograde signaling system and its effect on appetite and mood. A protein from ...
Analgetika kuat, Schunack
... and cloned based on homology with the cDNA. This receptor is known as the ORL 1 receptor. Its natural ligand is known alternately as ...
... and cloned based on homology with the cDNA. This receptor is known as the ORL 1 receptor. Its natural ligand is known alternately as ...
phasic and tonic activation of gaba receptors - LIRA-Lab
... contain α, β and γ2 subunits (for example, α2β3γ2, α3β3γ2, α4βxγ2, α5β3γ2 and α6βxγ2), whereas receptors in which the γ2 subunit is replaced by γ1, γ3, or δ are less abundant. Further variability arises from the fact that individual pentamers might contain two different α or two different β subunit ...
... contain α, β and γ2 subunits (for example, α2β3γ2, α3β3γ2, α4βxγ2, α5β3γ2 and α6βxγ2), whereas receptors in which the γ2 subunit is replaced by γ1, γ3, or δ are less abundant. Further variability arises from the fact that individual pentamers might contain two different α or two different β subunit ...
Molecular Characterization of the Melanin
... effect of MCH on the action of melanocortin in the hypothalamus (Ludwig et al., 1998), and, most recently, the characterization of a MCH knockout mouse displaying reduced body weight due to hypophagia and an increase in metabolic rate ...
... effect of MCH on the action of melanocortin in the hypothalamus (Ludwig et al., 1998), and, most recently, the characterization of a MCH knockout mouse displaying reduced body weight due to hypophagia and an increase in metabolic rate ...