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Outline Notes
Outline Notes

... Is there a rate of unemployment and level of GDP growth that the economy will adjust back to naturally after it is moved off-track? If the answer to this question is “yes” then there is no need for fiscal or monetary policy, except to make short-term adjustments. We just spent weeks going over the i ...
Macroeconomic policies to promote pro
Macroeconomic policies to promote pro

... investments in physical capital, human capital and technology leading to stagnation in the future.  Sustained growth, therefore, requires the effective and wide participation of the majority of the citizens in a dynamic process guided by the state aimed at enabling the poor people to improve their ...
MONETARY POLICY IN UKRAINE
MONETARY POLICY IN UKRAINE

... communication with little importance for lending activities, stands merely at 10.25%. In our view, this discrepancy is confusing and might contribute to higher inflation expectations. Thus, we suggest bringing the discount rate in line with the rates of overnight loans. ...
Lesson 12-1 Fiscal Policy Government and the Economy
Lesson 12-1 Fiscal Policy Government and the Economy

... tends to reduce fluctuations in GDP automatically. An automatic stabilizer tends to increase GDP when it is falling and reduce GDP when it is rising. Automatic stabilizers have increased in importance over time. Increases in income taxes and unemployment benefits have enhanced their importance as au ...
A brief history of Brazil`s growth
A brief history of Brazil`s growth

... growth with its demand for commodities, the production of which Brazil has an undeniable comparative advantage. Between August of 2002 and August of 2005, the price of Brazil’s semi‐manufactured exports rose by 43 percent and the price of its basic products by 59 percent. The benefits wrought by the ...
Greece_presentation
Greece_presentation

... Credit growth in good times should be more aggressively curbed; ...
Accounting II - Unit 04 Proficiency Scale - Chp 13
Accounting II - Unit 04 Proficiency Scale - Chp 13

... Case for Critical Thinking,  Will be able to analyze payroll scenarios and respond Auditing for Errors, Analyzing in a professional way Best Buy’s Financial Statements ...
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Economic Crisis: a Long

... • Neoclassical → invisible hand → no crisis • Keynesian → visible hand of state → no crisis ...
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... markets? Give two examples of financial instruments in each. Money market instruments have an original maturity of less than one year. Examples are: T-bills, Commercial paper, Large CDs, etc. Capital market instruments have an original maturity of more than one year. Examples are: Corporate bonds, m ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES SHOULD SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS INCREASE WITH AGE? Martin Feldstejn
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... protection against the loss from relying on the low yielding social security instead of higher yielding private assets. ...
Venezuela_en.pdf
Venezuela_en.pdf

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WELFARE ANALYSIS
WELFARE ANALYSIS

... decrease in imports, M; the lower domestic exchange rate increases foreign demand for domestic goods, increasing exports, X. ...
SU_12_Study Guide 2
SU_12_Study Guide 2

... 39. What are the major problems associated with a large amount of government debt? The opportunity cost of interest payments, the transfer of wealth to foreign governments, the increase in income inequality, the reduction in national savings (and investment), and it limits the government’s ability ...
Review for Final I
Review for Final I

... Interest Rates: Nominal and Real • Nominal Interest Rate (i): the interest rate observed in the market. • Real Interest Rate (r): the nominal rate adjusted for inflation (). Real Interest Rate = Nominal Interest Rate – Inflation Rate ...
El_Salvador_en.pdf
El_Salvador_en.pdf

... was up by 4.4%, overall consumption shrank by 9.9% while gross capital formation was down 17.4%. By asset type, investment in construction contracted by 0.9% and investment in machinery and equipment by 22%. As a result of the international financial crisis and the consequent fall in external demand ...
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... YP < Y* ($13 < $13.3) – this nation presents with an inflation gap 5. Without expressly knowing the nation’s potential and actual GDP, do you have any indication as to it being in an economic expansion or contraction? We have a decrease in inventories, which might indicate that sales were stronger t ...
Unit 5 RP
Unit 5 RP

... Corporation for $110. After 1, 2, and 3 years, it will pay a dividend of $5. You expect to sell the stock after 3 years for $120. Is XYZ a good investment? Support your answer with calculations. 5. Beleaguered State Bank (BSB) holds $250 million in deposits and maintains a reserve ratio of 10%. a. S ...
Literacy Rate and the Standard of Living in Europe
Literacy Rate and the Standard of Living in Europe

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Budget Documents
Budget Documents

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Basic Macroeconomic Relationships
Basic Macroeconomic Relationships

... Major fluctuations in stock market values have increased the importance of the wealth effect. A “reverse wealth effect” occurred in 2000 and 2001, when stock prices fell dramatically ...
Deflation: Economic Significance, Current Risk, and Policy Responses
Deflation: Economic Significance, Current Risk, and Policy Responses

... Another form of qualitative easing (changing composition of feds’ balance sheet) The borrowers are financial institutions with assets exceeding liabilities ...
Mixed Use Property Purchase
Mixed Use Property Purchase

... For Financial Adviser use only and not for use by retail clients. All statements concerning the tax treatment of products and their benefits are based on our understanding of the current law and HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) practice. These are for general guidance only and do not constitute professio ...
How to get a £1 million pension
How to get a £1 million pension

... Tax relief is particularly attractive for those earning between £100,000 and £120,000. Those earning above £100,000 lose £1 of their personal allowance for every £2 they earn over this threshold. This means they are in effect paying 60pc tax on part of their income. But pension contributions can tak ...
Venezuela_en.pdf
Venezuela_en.pdf

... January 2014, when the index stood at 28%. During the first nine months of 2014, the average urban unemployment rate fell by 0.6 percentage points against the 2013 average, and stood at 7.3%. The participation rate gained 0.7 percentage points to stand at 65.0%. Since January 2014 the minimum wage h ...
review sheet for the test
review sheet for the test

... What are the Five job sectors? What types of jobs fall into each category? Give two examples for each. What is a LDC? What is a MDC? How can you tell the difference between them? What is the HDI and what four factors (in three main categories… what are they) are involved in creating it? What is GDP? ...
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Pensions crisis

The pensions crisis is a predicted difficulty in paying for corporate, state, and federal pensions in the United States and Europe, due to a difference between pension obligations and the resources set aside to fund them. Shifting demographics are causing a lower ratio of workers per retiree; contributing factors include retirees living longer (increasing the relative number of retirees), and lower birth rates (decreasing the relative number of workers, especially relative to the Post-WW2 Baby Boom). There is significant debate regarding the magnitude and importance of the problem, as well as the solutions.For example, as of 2008, the estimates for the underfunding of U.S. states' pension programs range from $1 trillion using the discount rate of 8% to $3.23 trillion using U.S. Treasury bond yields as the discount rate. The present value of unfunded obligations under Social Security as of August 2010 was approximately $5.4 trillion. In other words, this amount would have to be set aside today such that the principal and interest would cover the program's shortfall between tax revenues and payouts over the next 75 years.Some economists question the concept of funding, and, therefore underfunding. Storing funds by governments, in the form of fiat currencies, is the functional equivalent of storing a collection of their own IOUs. They will be equally inflationary to newly written ones when they do come to be used.Reform ideas are in three primary categories: a) Addressing the worker-retiree ratio, via raising the retirement age, employment policy and immigration policy; b) Reducing obligations via shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution pension types and reducing future payment amounts (by, for example, adjusting the formula that determines the level of benefits); and c) Increasing resources to fund pensions via increasing contribution rates and raising taxes.
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