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First draft - United Nations Global Pulse
First draft - United Nations Global Pulse

... of unemployment benefits for four affected sectors: automotive, textile, wood, and metalworking industry. Government will cover part of the salaries of workers in these sectors, a measure that is expected to benefit around 5,200 workers. Some of these workers will be asked to attend courses at a rec ...
Unit III Practice Test
Unit III Practice Test

... (1) Answer: B – Topic: Consumer Spending’s Impact on GDP, Inflation, and Unemployment (2) Answer: A – Topic: Consumer Spending’s Impact on GDP, Inflation, and Unemployment (3) Answer: C – Topic: Consumer Price Index (4) Answer: B – Topic: Calculating GDP (5) Answer: D – Topic: Aggregate Supply and A ...
Technical Note on the Basis of Assumptions Regarding the Effect of
Technical Note on the Basis of Assumptions Regarding the Effect of

... We expect that the removal of housing depreciation and other changes in the tax package will have a negative impact on house prices and the size of the housing stock. Our estimates are broadly based on an empirical model (A Simple Model of Housing Rental and Ownership with Policy Simulations, Andrew ...
ECN 111 Chapter 16 Lecture Notes
ECN 111 Chapter 16 Lecture Notes

... offsetting effects on potential GDP. The productive nature of some government purchases increases potential GDP and aggregate supply and the disincentive effects of taxes decreases potential GDP and aggregate supply. Economists do no agree on which effect is larger. 4. Supply-Side Effects on the AS ...
More #PlowHorse in Q3
More #PlowHorse in Q3

... meteors in the night sky, the US economy just keeps plowing along. Reported later this week, we expect Q3 real GDP grew right on trend at a 1.9% rate – another, #PlowHorse report. It’s somewhat slower than we expected at the start of the year, but we still expect an acceleration in 2014-15 given loo ...
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Chapter 14

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Interest Rates - McGraw Hill Higher Education
Interest Rates - McGraw Hill Higher Education

... • Expanded money supply • Downward pressure on other interest rates LO3 ...
Francisco Gomes* Alexander Michaelides CRR WP 2003-16
Francisco Gomes* Alexander Michaelides CRR WP 2003-16

... Financing retirement benefits is probably the most significant fiscal challenge that governments in industrial economies will be facing in the next few decades. Social security reform has therefore become an important public policy issue for many countries and various reform proposals have been rece ...
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Macro1 Exercise #5 Answers

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The Government Budget, the Public Debt, and Social Security

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Expansionary Fiscal Policy

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Pension Savings and Pension Funds

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Guatemala_en.pdf
Guatemala_en.pdf

... In 2010, public finance is expected to come under a certain amount of pressure. At the end of 2009, the failure to approve the budget made it necessary to adjust expenditures. In April 2010, a 4.5 billion quetzal bond issue to narrow the financing gap was approved. In addition, new public investment ...
Suriname_en.pdf
Suriname_en.pdf

... 13% of GDP at the end of the year compared with 16% in 2008. Oil and gold prices, which had escalated by more than 40% (November-to-November), helped to offset the slump in the aluminium sector. As from June, the merchandise trade surplus worsened slightly, while the services account improved althou ...
ISMP_2012_L2_post
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... importance of fiscal policy in the current environment? “Our policy approach started with a major commitment to fiscal stimulus. Economists in recent years have become skeptical about discretionary fiscal policy and have regarded monetary policy as a better tool for short-term stabilization. Our jud ...
Short-term Economic Outlook
Short-term Economic Outlook

... adapt to the rapidly changing global financial markets • Rapid build-up of Short-term External Debt to finance the Investment-Saving Gap • Lack of Information and Understanding of the risks from Short-term External Debt ...
Chile_en.pdf
Chile_en.pdf

... public spending between 2010 and 2013 and has proposed a three-part plan for financing this increased expenditure. The first part calls for US$ 700 million in budget reallocations. Second, a package of tax measures proposed to congress consists of temporarily increasing tax withholdings on the earni ...
El_Salvador_en.pdf
El_Salvador_en.pdf

... contributed to a marked 7.1% rise in current expenditure between January and September 2011, versus 2.1% over the same period in 2010. This was offset to some degree by underexecution of the investment plan, coupled with lower debt service payments. Total government spending therefore expanded by 6. ...
DownloadPDF
DownloadPDF

... An improvement in household disposable income should support private consumption expansion growth, as disposable incomes benefit from the tax-decreasing reform that took effect at the start of the year. Favourable financial conditions and strong employment prospects should also outweigh the impact o ...
Business Cycle and GDP
Business Cycle and GDP

... country’s economy and standard of living….  Higher GDP means citizens are “doing” well….have jobs, money, in good health, etc….  Standard of Living – quality of life. How “good” it is to live in a particular country….look at posters on my wall! ...
Economic Test STUDY GUIDE
Economic Test STUDY GUIDE

... 5. What is a natural resource? Provide an example. 14. How do economists use a continuum? 6. What might be a problem while exchanging ...
Fiscal Policy
Fiscal Policy

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11 November 2008
11 November 2008

... Seminar 6, 19 November 2008 /If it is difficult to crack these exercises it is perfectly ok to ask for a hint. But I will be travelling in Germany Friday-Sunday and may not be able to respond promptly/ Exercise 16 Consider a fishery with effort measured in the number of fishing vessels. Let E be the ...
Social Security, Taxation, and Redistribution in Japan
Social Security, Taxation, and Redistribution in Japan

... age security programs, however, seem almost politically inoculated against these fiscal strains. One need only witness the political machinations of the Bush administration in the United States as it attempts to redesign the American social security system, for example, to see the potent political fo ...
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Pensions crisis

The pensions crisis is a predicted difficulty in paying for corporate, state, and federal pensions in the United States and Europe, due to a difference between pension obligations and the resources set aside to fund them. Shifting demographics are causing a lower ratio of workers per retiree; contributing factors include retirees living longer (increasing the relative number of retirees), and lower birth rates (decreasing the relative number of workers, especially relative to the Post-WW2 Baby Boom). There is significant debate regarding the magnitude and importance of the problem, as well as the solutions.For example, as of 2008, the estimates for the underfunding of U.S. states' pension programs range from $1 trillion using the discount rate of 8% to $3.23 trillion using U.S. Treasury bond yields as the discount rate. The present value of unfunded obligations under Social Security as of August 2010 was approximately $5.4 trillion. In other words, this amount would have to be set aside today such that the principal and interest would cover the program's shortfall between tax revenues and payouts over the next 75 years.Some economists question the concept of funding, and, therefore underfunding. Storing funds by governments, in the form of fiat currencies, is the functional equivalent of storing a collection of their own IOUs. They will be equally inflationary to newly written ones when they do come to be used.Reform ideas are in three primary categories: a) Addressing the worker-retiree ratio, via raising the retirement age, employment policy and immigration policy; b) Reducing obligations via shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution pension types and reducing future payment amounts (by, for example, adjusting the formula that determines the level of benefits); and c) Increasing resources to fund pensions via increasing contribution rates and raising taxes.
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