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Monetary Policy Update September 2009
Monetary Policy Update September 2009

... Note. The difference beween 3-month interbank rate and expected policy rate (basis-spread) ...
The Art and Science of Economics
The Art and Science of Economics

... Fiscal policy may unintentionally affect aggregate supply For example, suppose the government increases unemployment benefits and finances these transfer payments with higher taxes on current workers. If the marginal propensity to consume is the same for both groups, the reduction in spending by tho ...
Initial Submission to the Tax –Transfer Review   
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... tax concessions to encourage both the spread of occupational and private superannuation and greater accumulation of funds in individual accounts, has a number of practical problems. The funds established to receive contributions are accumulation funds, and therefore the employee bears the risk. Cons ...
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... • GAO’s simulations show that balancing the budget in 2040 could require actions as large as • Cutting total federal spending by about 60 percent or • Raising taxes to about 2.5 times today's level ...
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... sophisticated Shanghainese refugees from Communist China, had a vastly better educated population than Singapore's until well into the 1980s. Second, Hong Kong had a laisserfaire government (to the point of not investing even in needed infrastructure until street riots forced it to); Singapore had a ...
Thriving in Adversity Sir William Atkinson
Thriving in Adversity Sir William Atkinson

... widening, despite years of government and NHS action, a hard-hitting National Audit Office report reveals today. Extensive efforts have failed to reduce the wide differential, which can still be 10 years or more depending on socio economic background, says the public spending watchdog. The gap in li ...
Which of the following arguments about purchasing
Which of the following arguments about purchasing

... 10) The Corporation of Imaginary offers two types of fellowships to the students in the University of Michigan with no requests. Being a student of University of Michigan, you can choose only one of them. Option A is to give you $1000 now; Option B is to give you, one year from now, $1,500 with a p ...
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...  Balance the national government budget in 6 years  Reduce CPSD to GDP ratio to 3% in 6 ...
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21 Century Health Care Challenges: ST
21 Century Health Care Challenges: ST

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Do not let your retirement windfall blow away
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... the State are granted under income-based conditions, constituting a lower end ‘safetynet’ (flat-rate benefits). This regime promotes high employment levels, including nonstandard employment arrangements. Conversely, an ideal type old-age social insurance-based regime is characterized by intervention ...
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University of Illinois Department of Economics Econ 103 – Fall 2014

... Reach a new equilibrium at $21 billion. C) Eventually reach a new equilibrium at an output level significantly less than $21 billion. D) Reach a new equilibrium at a level of output between $21 billion and $25 billion. 5 Which of the following about recessionary gap is true? A) The amount by which a ...
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... follow Cutler, Poterba, Sheiner, and Summers’ (1990) modifications to the Ramsey growth model, in examining the impact of changing demographics on saving and investment. Our main innovation is that while Cutler et. al.’s work focused on the closed-economy, we focus on the open-economy, so that capit ...
about Social Security - National Committee to Preserve Social
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... benefits, it has a current surplus of $2.6 trillion invested in bonds. A bond is like a loan to the federal government that earns interest. While the federal government uses the money loaned by the Social Security Trust Fund to pay for other government spending, just as with other holders of U.S. se ...
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10UnchartedTerr - Tri

... Favorable Tax Climate (by burden on income, 2005) Standard of Living (by poverty rate 2005-2007) Most Livable State (CQ Press, 2008) Safest State (CQ Press, 2008) Child and Family Well Being (Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2007) Education – High School Degree or better (2006) Healthiest State (CQ Press, ...
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austria

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... U.S. poverty share of 17.1 percent drops to the OECD average of 10.6 percent. Economic growth would make the first and lowest standard of the three increasingly unpopular, since it allows income gaps to widen forever. The third of these options, which would target the fact that inequality in the US ...
Risk outlook - Bank of England
Risk outlook - Bank of England

... Sources: British Bankers’ Association, Revell, J and Roe, A (1971), ‘National balance sheets and national accounting — a progress report’, Economic Trends, No. 211, ONS and Bank calculations. (a) Credit is defined as debt claims on the UK private non-financial sector. This includes all liabilities o ...
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Pensions crisis

The pensions crisis is a predicted difficulty in paying for corporate, state, and federal pensions in the United States and Europe, due to a difference between pension obligations and the resources set aside to fund them. Shifting demographics are causing a lower ratio of workers per retiree; contributing factors include retirees living longer (increasing the relative number of retirees), and lower birth rates (decreasing the relative number of workers, especially relative to the Post-WW2 Baby Boom). There is significant debate regarding the magnitude and importance of the problem, as well as the solutions.For example, as of 2008, the estimates for the underfunding of U.S. states' pension programs range from $1 trillion using the discount rate of 8% to $3.23 trillion using U.S. Treasury bond yields as the discount rate. The present value of unfunded obligations under Social Security as of August 2010 was approximately $5.4 trillion. In other words, this amount would have to be set aside today such that the principal and interest would cover the program's shortfall between tax revenues and payouts over the next 75 years.Some economists question the concept of funding, and, therefore underfunding. Storing funds by governments, in the form of fiat currencies, is the functional equivalent of storing a collection of their own IOUs. They will be equally inflationary to newly written ones when they do come to be used.Reform ideas are in three primary categories: a) Addressing the worker-retiree ratio, via raising the retirement age, employment policy and immigration policy; b) Reducing obligations via shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution pension types and reducing future payment amounts (by, for example, adjusting the formula that determines the level of benefits); and c) Increasing resources to fund pensions via increasing contribution rates and raising taxes.
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