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Word format - The Econ Page
Word format - The Econ Page

... b. decreases in the output of goods and services create an increase in just voluntary unemployment if labor market wages decrease c. decreases in the output of goods and services create an increase in just involuntary unemployment if labor market wages do not decrease d. all of the above 7. Where do ...
PDF format - The Econ Page
PDF format - The Econ Page

... b. decreases in the output of goods and services create an increase in just voluntary unemployment if labor market wages decrease c. decreases in the output of goods and services create an increase in just involuntary unemployment if labor market wages do not decrease d. all of the above 7. Where do ...
Economics 111– Introduction to Economics
Economics 111– Introduction to Economics

... a. employed divided by the labor force. b. employed divided by the civilian, non-institutionalized, working-age population. c. employed and unemployed divided by the labor force. d. employed and unemployed divided by the civilian, non-institutionalized, working-age population. ...
Draft Declaration by Malta on the Country Specific Recommendations
Draft Declaration by Malta on the Country Specific Recommendations

... these Council recommendations has failed to instigate the constructive and informed debate which is required between the Council and the Commission in the context of economic policies of common concern as referred to in Article 121 TFEU. Instead of encouraging Member States to agree with and take ow ...
Macroeconomic Effects of Demonetization in India: Policy
Macroeconomic Effects of Demonetization in India: Policy

... Since the RBI is expected to bring into circulation newly printed currency notes of Rs. 500 and Rs. 2000 denominations to replace the old currency in the economy, the overall money supply situation is continuously evolving at the moment. The present exercise is therefore an attempt to understand thi ...
ISMP_2012_L1_post
ISMP_2012_L1_post

... μ = simple Keynesian multiplier = 1/[(1 - b(1- τ)] which we graph as the IS curve. Note that changes in fiscal policy, investment “animal spirits,” consumption wealth effect SHIFT IS CURVE ...
The systemic risks of inhibiting collateral fluidity: Leverage Ratio
The systemic risks of inhibiting collateral fluidity: Leverage Ratio

... offsetting reverses and repos with the same counterparty to recognize a single net exposure). The impact of this would have been enormous. It would have made repo matched-books economically unviable, triggering unprecedented deleveraging by banks and creating significant funding short-falls for high ...
QUIZ 2: Macro – Winter 2010 Name: Section Registered: Campus
QUIZ 2: Macro – Winter 2010 Name: Section Registered: Campus

... When actual inflation is higher than expected inflation, borrowers end up paying a lower real return (real return = nominal return – inflation). Higher than expected inflation rates redistributes wealth from lenders (who are made worse off) to borrowers (who are made better offer). See lecture notes ...
The Case for Bigger Government -
The Case for Bigger Government -

... a tailspin, deficit financing of up to $1 trillion could make sense, but it’s a fleeting option because foreign nations have lost confidence in the U.S. economy and currency. Instead, we will have to look for a variety of solutions. Infrastructure can be financed in part by borrowing against future ...
Chapter 4
Chapter 4

... affect desired consumption and saving. This is called the Ricardian Equivalence Proposition. The Ricardian Equivalence Proposition holds only when consumers take into account offsetting changes in future taxes. In the case this assumption does not hold, higher current taxes reduces desired current c ...
1999-2000 Annual Report - State of Connecticut Workers
1999-2000 Annual Report - State of Connecticut Workers

... and their families and paying taxes as a direct result of workers’ rehabilitation programs. To help monitor medical costs, (comprising more than 40 percent of total workers’ compensation payments), the Commission staff reviews and approves applications for managed care plans. To date 3,957 employers ...
Benchmarking the Development of NBFIs in Latin America
Benchmarking the Development of NBFIs in Latin America

... others are in pre-developmental stages. • Developmental differences are attributable to diversity in the size of regional economies. • In some countries, governments have been able to extend bond maturities and issue fixed rate instruments, however inflation indexed bonds are still common (e.g., Bra ...
Economics 215
Economics 215

1. Efficiency of the international monetary system means that the
1. Efficiency of the international monetary system means that the

... increase in national debt in the three major continental economies, Italy, France and Germany. These countries have a large implicit debt, Germany for instance 240 per cent of GDP. This implicit debt will become explicit, unless major institutional changes are made, especially in the level of social ...
ISMP_2013_L2_v4a_post
ISMP_2013_L2_v4a_post

... stimulus. Economists in recent years have become skeptical about discretionary fiscal policy and have regarded monetary policy as a better tool for short-term stabilization. Our judgment, however, was that in a liquidity trap-type scenario of zero interest rates, a dysfunctional financial system, an ...
Simulated Test Question 1 (US and European Economies, 2011) 1
Simulated Test Question 1 (US and European Economies, 2011) 1

Foreign Exchange
Foreign Exchange

... • Exchange rates (e) are a function of the supply and demand for currency. • An increase in the supply of a currency will decrease the exchange rate of a currency • A decrease in supply of a currency will increase the exchange rate of a currency • An increase in demand for a currency will increase t ...
PDF Download
PDF Download

... rates by effectively closing channels of early retirethe first pillar based on notional accounts, and the ment. In particular, the government should continue accompanying fully-funded second pillar, both to further align, after the 2012 pension reform, the ensured actuarial neutrality. Such a system ...
14.02 Principles of Macroeconomics Spring 03 Quiz 3 Thursday, May 8, 2003
14.02 Principles of Macroeconomics Spring 03 Quiz 3 Thursday, May 8, 2003

... 5) Can the Central Bank of Vermont use monetary policy to offset the impact of the increase in iUS on Vermont’s GDP? What does this imply for the exchange rate? Indicate in diagram from question 4). (4 points) ...
Why study Money & Banking?
Why study Money & Banking?

... • annual % change in real GDP • U.S. long run average -- 3% • 2006 real GDP growth 1.5% ...
M04a_NIPA
M04a_NIPA

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Government Expenditures to Lead Long
Government Expenditures to Lead Long

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1. Developed - Developing Countries
1. Developed - Developing Countries

... All pages are in Making Connections textbook 1. Shade in this map of the world using Fig 32-4 (p 436). Complete the key. ...
Macroeconomic Fundamentals Aggregate demand product market
Macroeconomic Fundamentals Aggregate demand product market

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Economic Environment May 2012
Economic Environment May 2012

... (b) It means that the huge burden will be passed on to future generations (c) It is in total higher now than it has ever been before (d) Because of the debt, the government is almost bankrupt. 20. In labour market, if the government imposes a minimum wage that is below equilibrium, then (a) Nothing ...
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Pensions crisis

The pensions crisis is a predicted difficulty in paying for corporate, state, and federal pensions in the United States and Europe, due to a difference between pension obligations and the resources set aside to fund them. Shifting demographics are causing a lower ratio of workers per retiree; contributing factors include retirees living longer (increasing the relative number of retirees), and lower birth rates (decreasing the relative number of workers, especially relative to the Post-WW2 Baby Boom). There is significant debate regarding the magnitude and importance of the problem, as well as the solutions.For example, as of 2008, the estimates for the underfunding of U.S. states' pension programs range from $1 trillion using the discount rate of 8% to $3.23 trillion using U.S. Treasury bond yields as the discount rate. The present value of unfunded obligations under Social Security as of August 2010 was approximately $5.4 trillion. In other words, this amount would have to be set aside today such that the principal and interest would cover the program's shortfall between tax revenues and payouts over the next 75 years.Some economists question the concept of funding, and, therefore underfunding. Storing funds by governments, in the form of fiat currencies, is the functional equivalent of storing a collection of their own IOUs. They will be equally inflationary to newly written ones when they do come to be used.Reform ideas are in three primary categories: a) Addressing the worker-retiree ratio, via raising the retirement age, employment policy and immigration policy; b) Reducing obligations via shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution pension types and reducing future payment amounts (by, for example, adjusting the formula that determines the level of benefits); and c) Increasing resources to fund pensions via increasing contribution rates and raising taxes.
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