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Week 8 Practice Quiz a Answers
Week 8 Practice Quiz a Answers

... answer should not be more than one sentence (it could even be expressed in terms of a variable name and an arrow indicating the direction of change). (4 points) This was pretty easy if we knew the quantity theory of money. %ΔM + %ΔV = %ΔP + %ΔY ...
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... • If a government would like to encourage greater consumption then it can lower incomes taxes to increase disposable income. This is likely to increase AD. • If the a government would like to encourage greater investment, then it can lower corporate taxes so firms enjoy higher after-tax profits that ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

...  But this is not yet sufficient to cover the cost of ageing fully.  The necessary extra adjustment could be obtained, for instance, by a smooth increase in the effective age of retirement (+/- 3 years between now and 2030)  This would imply a progressive extra adjustment representing a reduction ...
Whole in Word - Statistics Mauritius
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chapter 12 questions
chapter 12 questions

... a. The U.S. Treasury does not have to pay off these bonds. b. These bonds were not issued by the Treasury. c. These bonds do not represent a net-interest obligation of the government. d. These bonds are not interest-bearing bonds. In 2003, the privately held federal debt was approximately what perce ...
Policy Lags and Crowding-Out Effect
Policy Lags and Crowding-Out Effect

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NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES PUBLIC DEBT IN THE USA AND WHO PAYS?
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES PUBLIC DEBT IN THE USA AND WHO PAYS?

... 1980 and 1990. This cannot be explained in terms of cyclical differences, as the US economy was only just sliding into recession in the second half of 1990. The magnitude of the 1992 US general government deficit, shown to be 4.7% of GDP in Table 4, is large both historically and by current internat ...
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CHAPTER TWO - Bentley University

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Pop 125 Enrollment Form

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policy designed to change the money supply, credit availability, and

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AK_Macro_CH07 - McGraw

... First, there is a potential time lag problem in that it may take many months for the full effect of a change in policy to take effect and in the mean time the conditions of the economy might change so that the policy becomes inappropriate. Second, some argue that fiscal policy is ineffective because ...
Final Exam
Final Exam

... The open market sale and the high animal spirits push up interest rates in the USA. This raises interest rates in HK. The high interest rates will have negative impact on borrowing for housing, but is also likely to have negative effects on consumer durable purchases. However, the HK Watch company s ...
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Pensions crisis

The pensions crisis is a predicted difficulty in paying for corporate, state, and federal pensions in the United States and Europe, due to a difference between pension obligations and the resources set aside to fund them. Shifting demographics are causing a lower ratio of workers per retiree; contributing factors include retirees living longer (increasing the relative number of retirees), and lower birth rates (decreasing the relative number of workers, especially relative to the Post-WW2 Baby Boom). There is significant debate regarding the magnitude and importance of the problem, as well as the solutions.For example, as of 2008, the estimates for the underfunding of U.S. states' pension programs range from $1 trillion using the discount rate of 8% to $3.23 trillion using U.S. Treasury bond yields as the discount rate. The present value of unfunded obligations under Social Security as of August 2010 was approximately $5.4 trillion. In other words, this amount would have to be set aside today such that the principal and interest would cover the program's shortfall between tax revenues and payouts over the next 75 years.Some economists question the concept of funding, and, therefore underfunding. Storing funds by governments, in the form of fiat currencies, is the functional equivalent of storing a collection of their own IOUs. They will be equally inflationary to newly written ones when they do come to be used.Reform ideas are in three primary categories: a) Addressing the worker-retiree ratio, via raising the retirement age, employment policy and immigration policy; b) Reducing obligations via shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution pension types and reducing future payment amounts (by, for example, adjusting the formula that determines the level of benefits); and c) Increasing resources to fund pensions via increasing contribution rates and raising taxes.
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