• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
The Anatomy of Stagnation in a Modern Economy
The Anatomy of Stagnation in a Modern Economy

... to its normal level of about five percent. But three other factors also contributed significantly to the output shortfall in 2010: (1) the labor force was below its previous trend by enough to take 1.3 percentage points off the level of real GDP, (2) below-trend productivity growth from 2007 to 2010 ...
sygnia skeleton worldwide flexible fund
sygnia skeleton worldwide flexible fund

... €80 billion. Even China snuck through some quantitative easing of its own, announcing cuts to the reserve requirement ratio for banks. The Chinese government also pledged to support growth and downsize industries beset by overcapacity without large-scale layoffs. As sentiment shifted away from doom ...
Economic Policy
Economic Policy

... Conclusion • With either low or high capital mobility, an increase in the money stock tends to induce a rise in equilibrium real income, holding other factors such as the price level unchanged. • Under a floating exchange rate, therefore, an increase in the quantity of money unambiguously constitut ...
Is Austerity the Answer to Europe’s Crisis? Veronique de Rugy
Is Austerity the Answer to Europe’s Crisis? Veronique de Rugy

... the last 40 years. Let’s focus on the last one (2004–07), which is particularly interesting since it was challenging, ambitious, successful, and probably responsible for Germany’s ability to sustain the financial crisis better than most countries.1 First, the country implemented a stimulus by reduct ...
Economic Projections Contents September 1997
Economic Projections Contents September 1997

... The Reserve Bank now views 725 as the appropriate level for the Monetary Conditions Index (MCI), down from the 825 level set in the June Monetary Policy Statement. This is in line with the conditions applying in financial markets over recent weeks. The new, lower, level for the MCI is justified by o ...
WIFO-Layout Century Gothic 10 Punkt
WIFO-Layout Century Gothic 10 Punkt

... total economic output and the labour market has until now been comparatively much less pronounced than in the Great Depression of the thirties of the last century. The income level and living standards were at a much higher level at the beginning of this crisis. Economic policy considerably contribu ...
Vojislav Kandić, International Finance Corporation
Vojislav Kandić, International Finance Corporation

... road, and rail sectors, as the latter are considered a “social service” in the emerging countries ...
Why Does the Economy Fall to Pieces after a Financial Crisis?
Why Does the Economy Fall to Pieces after a Financial Crisis?

... exclusive focus of thinking in this topic has been how endogenous reductions in market power can amplify other expansionary forces. For example, if one adds to the neoclassical model an effect running from higher government purchases to reductions in market power, the multiplier rises substantially. ...
GTAP Resource 5275
GTAP Resource 5275

... population increases in the future, but Japanese population is now decreasing and total population will be 2/3 of present population in 2050. Hence, there are some big questions on whether Japan can increase its GDP under population decline and whether such growth is sustainable or not. To answer s ...
Cost of Capital
Cost of Capital

... Market Risk Premium • A very controversial part of the CAPM • Historically--9.2%, on average – large stock return - Tbill return arith. Avg. ...
Risk and Return for Farmland Today
Risk and Return for Farmland Today

... • Inflation and interest rates are likely to increase • Current P/rent ratio is relatively high • Negative relationship between rate of return on farmland and P/rent ratio at the time of purchase • Cyclically adjusted P/rent ratio is relatively high ...
Ch. 10: Infl & Unem Ppt
Ch. 10: Infl & Unem Ppt

... The labour force survey, conducted by Statistics tracks a randomly selected sample of 53 000 Canadian households The survey measures • the labour force population, which includes Canadians 15 years of age or over, with specific exclusions • the labour force, which includes all those who either have ...
Post-crisis Challenges-Serbia
Post-crisis Challenges-Serbia

... Employment projections and trends on the labor market • Projections of trends in the labor market by 2020 were based on macroeconomic projections of GDP growth by economic sectors and the respective sector estimates of employment elasticity in relation to GDP by approximately corresponding elastici ...
GENERAL ECONOMICS­II    UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT  SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION 
GENERAL ECONOMICS­II    UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT  SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION 

... 18. An economic transaction is entered in the balance of payment as a credit, if it  leads to:  a) Receipt of payment from foreigners  b) Either the receipt of payment or making of payment  c) A payment to foreigners  d) Neither the receipt nor making of a payment  ...
Unit 3 - Effingham County Schools
Unit 3 - Effingham County Schools

... The Money Market shows how the “price” of money, the interest rate, adjusts to balance the supply of and demand for money. The money supply is fixed at any one point in time, and therefore is represented by a vertical line. ...
Chapter 12 - Denton ISD
Chapter 12 - Denton ISD

... When Discretionary Fiscal Policy Overshoots Potential Output If public officials underestimate the natural rate of unemployment, they may attempt to stimulate AD even if the SRAS140 economy is already producing at its potential output, a. SRAS130 c This expansionary policy yields a shortrun equilibr ...
Problem Session I
Problem Session I

... equipment, and buildings and the additions to inventories are investment, shown as the ow labeled I. Governments buy goods and services from rms and their expenditure on goods and services called government expenditure, shown as the ow labeled G. Firms sell goods and services to the rest of the w ...
FRBSF E L CONOMIC ETTER
FRBSF E L CONOMIC ETTER

... this problem by updating the weights in every period. For example, the growth rate between 1992 and 1993 is computed using prices that prevailed in 1992 and 1993, while the growth rate between 1997 and 1998 is computed using prices that prevailed in 1997 and 1998.What happens if we apply the chain-w ...
The Korean Welfare State in Economic Hard Times:Democracy
The Korean Welfare State in Economic Hard Times:Democracy

... conservative Lee Myung-bak government (2008-present) to the same stimulus of economic crisis. Second, it seeks to understand the policy choices of these governments, that is, why a great expansion of the social security system was made possible under President Kim and why conservative Lee also adopt ...
Extra Practice on the M, C and I KEY
Extra Practice on the M, C and I KEY

... If you expect your future disposable income to fall, you would like to save some of today’s disposable income to tide you over in the future. But you cannot do this if you cannot save. If you expect your future disposable income to rise, you would like to spend some of tomorrow’s higher income today ...
"Why Interest Rates Will Rise," Funds Society
"Why Interest Rates Will Rise," Funds Society

ECN 111 Chapter 17 Lecture Notes
ECN 111 Chapter 17 Lecture Notes

... 1. The expected inflation rate is the inflation rate that people forecast and use to set the money wage rate and other money prices. 2. People use data about past inflation and other relevant variables and the science of economics to predict inflation. 3. A rational expectation is the inflation fore ...
Chapter 28
Chapter 28

... MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following would cause the aggregate demand curve to keep shifting rightward year after year? A) Inflation. B) A persistent increase in the quantity of money. C) A one-time tax cut. ...
Preview - American Economic Association
Preview - American Economic Association

... The post-1980 era witnessed an increase in the frequency and severity of financial crises around the globe (Eichengreen 2001; Reinhart and Rogoff 2011). Apart from the large amount of literature that examines the causes of these crises, another line of research has concerned itself with the conseque ...
Information Sheet Number 15: The Accommodation Charge for
Information Sheet Number 15: The Accommodation Charge for

... • a carer who is eligible for an income support payment has been living there for at least two years; • a close relative who is eligible for an income support payment has been living there for at least five years. ...
< 1 ... 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 ... 371 >

Pensions crisis

The pensions crisis is a predicted difficulty in paying for corporate, state, and federal pensions in the United States and Europe, due to a difference between pension obligations and the resources set aside to fund them. Shifting demographics are causing a lower ratio of workers per retiree; contributing factors include retirees living longer (increasing the relative number of retirees), and lower birth rates (decreasing the relative number of workers, especially relative to the Post-WW2 Baby Boom). There is significant debate regarding the magnitude and importance of the problem, as well as the solutions.For example, as of 2008, the estimates for the underfunding of U.S. states' pension programs range from $1 trillion using the discount rate of 8% to $3.23 trillion using U.S. Treasury bond yields as the discount rate. The present value of unfunded obligations under Social Security as of August 2010 was approximately $5.4 trillion. In other words, this amount would have to be set aside today such that the principal and interest would cover the program's shortfall between tax revenues and payouts over the next 75 years.Some economists question the concept of funding, and, therefore underfunding. Storing funds by governments, in the form of fiat currencies, is the functional equivalent of storing a collection of their own IOUs. They will be equally inflationary to newly written ones when they do come to be used.Reform ideas are in three primary categories: a) Addressing the worker-retiree ratio, via raising the retirement age, employment policy and immigration policy; b) Reducing obligations via shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution pension types and reducing future payment amounts (by, for example, adjusting the formula that determines the level of benefits); and c) Increasing resources to fund pensions via increasing contribution rates and raising taxes.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report