• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
P 0 - Faculty Pages
P 0 - Faculty Pages

... Growth rate g is the growth rate in value of capital (stock) ...
Spring 2015 TEST 3 w/o solution
Spring 2015 TEST 3 w/o solution

... 18. (Figure: Monetary Policy and the AD–SRAS Model) Refer to the information in the figure Monetary Policy and the AD–SRAS Model. If the economy is in a recessionary gap at point f, it could move to point g as a result of: A) an increase in the money supply. B) selling government securities in the o ...
Key Issues in Fiscal Policy
Key Issues in Fiscal Policy

... 3. Risks associated with fiscal policy  Public debt dynamics  Sustainability of public debt  Safeguarding fiscal sustainability ...
The Business Cycle and Interest Rates
The Business Cycle and Interest Rates

... housing market turnover and business investment beginning to increase. ...
Labour Downsizing in India: An Exit Policy Approach Contents
Labour Downsizing in India: An Exit Policy Approach Contents

... beneficiaries under the NRF surveyed, only 36,889 workers were retrained. The number of redeployed workers was still lower at 11,623. Even considering the fact that some of the workers might not have opted for retraining and redeployment these figures appear quite low; especially of those who got re ...
Construction – September 2008
Construction – September 2008

... Compared to September 2007, approximate value of new constructions grew in all types of constructions – by 60.4% in non-residential buildings (contribution 9.7 p.p.), by 48.3% in environmental constructions (contribution 4.4 p.p.), by 33.3% in other constructions (contribution 3.9 p.p.) and by 7.3% ...
Risk Free Discount Rates under AASB 1038 1
Risk Free Discount Rates under AASB 1038 1

... Risk Free Discount Rates under AASB 1038 that may lead to divergent practices within the IAAust’s membership. This note does not constitute accounting advice. ...
PDF Download
PDF Download

... Indeed, the United States faces a broader health expenditure problem, of which federal programs are only one element. Over long periods of time, health expenditures in the United States have grown more rapidly than the overall economy. The interaction of technological advances in medical care, a hea ...
STAGES-OCT2004
STAGES-OCT2004

... during the nineteenth century, could rapidly catch up to more advanced economies by introducing “appropriate” economic institutions to encourage investment and technology adoption. He emphasized the role of long-term relationships between firms and banks, of large firms and of state intervention. Un ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: National Economic Planning
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: National Economic Planning

... of the important practical issues that face development planners in the field of project appraisal. I shall try, insofar as possible, to recognize the handicaps under which planners operate, most importantly the handicaps imposed by imperfect foresight and by the virtual necessity of decentralized d ...
Population Aging and Potential Growth in Asia
Population Aging and Potential Growth in Asia

... Singapore; and Taipei,China will each also have about 40% of their total population aged 65 years or older in 2050. While all economies in the sample are projected to experience population aging during the review period, Afghanistan, Papua New Guinea, and Timor-Leste are projected to have an aged po ...
Youth Unemployment Rate Remain High
Youth Unemployment Rate Remain High

... in 2016. Youth labour force refers to those below the age of 25 and this group constitutes about 17.8% of Malaysia’s total labour force in 2016. Among the age groups, youth unemployment rate remains the highest, registering double-digit rate since 2012. Youth employment rose by 46,700 last year, red ...
Økonomiske udfordringer for Europa
Økonomiske udfordringer for Europa

... timing remains unspecified. This comes on top of a 5 trillion yen program which is expected to be completed by around the end of 2011. ...
Sample Final Exam - Bellarmine University
Sample Final Exam - Bellarmine University

Financial Statement Analysis Tools
Financial Statement Analysis Tools

... useful to focus on just the long-term debt (LTD) instead of total debt. The long-term debt ratio is the same as the total debt ratio, except that the numerator includes only long-term debt: ...
Tax Cuts - Harvard Kennedy School
Tax Cuts - Harvard Kennedy School

... 9. Ricardian neutrality: “A budget deficit will cause people to save, enough that national saving does not fall.” 8. Optimistic forecasts: “Deficits will go away in the future.” 7. “Starve the Beast”: “Sharp tax cuts that create large deficits will later generate more political support to cut wastef ...
Introduction to EMU and the euro
Introduction to EMU and the euro

... Old-Age Dependency Ratio (ratio of number of retirees to number of working age people) The OADR in Europe is about 1:4 currently; by 2050, it will be 1:2. What impact will that have (on people, on the economy)? Health care: what does a country spend on health care (as a % of GDP), and how do its hea ...
5. The Greek Social Model: Towards a Deregulated Labour Market
5. The Greek Social Model: Towards a Deregulated Labour Market

... 2005, the highest share among OECD countries. The late 1990s and 2000s also saw an improvement in maternal and parental leave and a ‘catching up’ of child and elderly care services (Petmesidou 2006; Karamessini 2010a). However, just before the current crisis, Greece had the lowest coverage of childr ...
A Switch Criterion for Defined Contribution Pension Schemes
A Switch Criterion for Defined Contribution Pension Schemes

... into bonds (in order to limit the risk), but considers also actual returns from the financial market through a dynamic criterion for the second and definitive switch • numerical results are good in comparison with other investment strategies for DC schemes • it considers both the accumulation and th ...
6.1 – Overview 6.2 – Money and the Neutrality Principle
6.1 – Overview 6.2 – Money and the Neutrality Principle

... 1. External terms of trade is the ratio of export to import prices, or how many units of imports are needed to purchase one unit of exports 2. Internal terms of trade is the ratio between non-traded and traded good prices 3. The last measure is that of the price of labour, using wages, total earning ...
role profile - Networx Recruitment
role profile - Networx Recruitment

... Responsible for the correct payment of monthly salaries Provides accurate and timely payroll analysis Collates information from a number of sources to complete all monthly timesheets Develops strong links of communication with the relevant personnel in the call centre to ensure accurate capture of c ...
Demand Side Equilibrium and Full Employment
Demand Side Equilibrium and Full Employment

... Multiplier – results from the secondary expansion of consumer demand from higher disposable incomes and from possibly more induced investment as output rises. What is true at equilibrium – …AE equals Yd equals the expenditure schedule which shows planned expenditures at every level of output. Induce ...
Chapter 23
Chapter 23

... • Since nominal interest rates can't fall below zero, this places a significant restriction on what monetary policymakers can do • The most effective way to expand the monetary base when the overnight interest rate has fallen to zero is to shift to targeting longer-term rates. ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES FISCAL POLICIES, CAPITAL FORMATION. AND CAPITALISM Martin Feldstein
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES FISCAL POLICIES, CAPITAL FORMATION. AND CAPITALISM Martin Feldstein

... feared, become outmoded because of the success of large industrial companies. But if Schumpeter were alive today, I think he might worry that the viability of capitalism ...
Lect 8 - GEOCITIES.ws
Lect 8 - GEOCITIES.ws

... • Much of urban planning activities revolves around population, employment and housing as these form the crux of most economic activities in cities. • Many models have been postulated to explain urban economic growth. ...
< 1 ... 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 ... 371 >

Pensions crisis

The pensions crisis is a predicted difficulty in paying for corporate, state, and federal pensions in the United States and Europe, due to a difference between pension obligations and the resources set aside to fund them. Shifting demographics are causing a lower ratio of workers per retiree; contributing factors include retirees living longer (increasing the relative number of retirees), and lower birth rates (decreasing the relative number of workers, especially relative to the Post-WW2 Baby Boom). There is significant debate regarding the magnitude and importance of the problem, as well as the solutions.For example, as of 2008, the estimates for the underfunding of U.S. states' pension programs range from $1 trillion using the discount rate of 8% to $3.23 trillion using U.S. Treasury bond yields as the discount rate. The present value of unfunded obligations under Social Security as of August 2010 was approximately $5.4 trillion. In other words, this amount would have to be set aside today such that the principal and interest would cover the program's shortfall between tax revenues and payouts over the next 75 years.Some economists question the concept of funding, and, therefore underfunding. Storing funds by governments, in the form of fiat currencies, is the functional equivalent of storing a collection of their own IOUs. They will be equally inflationary to newly written ones when they do come to be used.Reform ideas are in three primary categories: a) Addressing the worker-retiree ratio, via raising the retirement age, employment policy and immigration policy; b) Reducing obligations via shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution pension types and reducing future payment amounts (by, for example, adjusting the formula that determines the level of benefits); and c) Increasing resources to fund pensions via increasing contribution rates and raising taxes.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report