Long-Term Budget Outlook Remains Challenging, But Recent
... well below its potential, as it has been since 2008. But a persistently rising debt-to-GDP ratio in good times and bad alike reflects an unsustainable budget policy that ultimately poses threats to financial stability and long-term growth.8 That’s why the debt ratio should not rise when the economy ...
... well below its potential, as it has been since 2008. But a persistently rising debt-to-GDP ratio in good times and bad alike reflects an unsustainable budget policy that ultimately poses threats to financial stability and long-term growth.8 That’s why the debt ratio should not rise when the economy ...
Profits and rates of return
... relatively from the devaluation of liabilities under higher inflation. On the other hand, measurement of the depreciation of the capital stock at historic cost and of stock appreciation with conventional accounting methods overstates profits for tax purposes, leading to a higher real tax burden. To ...
... relatively from the devaluation of liabilities under higher inflation. On the other hand, measurement of the depreciation of the capital stock at historic cost and of stock appreciation with conventional accounting methods overstates profits for tax purposes, leading to a higher real tax burden. To ...
South Korea
... 5. The government aims to achieve 70% employment rate especially by increasing labor force participation of vulnerable groups including female and youth. In line with such efforts, the government plans to minimize job mismatch by strengthening Active Labor Market Policy (ALMP). For instance, it wil ...
... 5. The government aims to achieve 70% employment rate especially by increasing labor force participation of vulnerable groups including female and youth. In line with such efforts, the government plans to minimize job mismatch by strengthening Active Labor Market Policy (ALMP). For instance, it wil ...
Hedging Prepayment Risk on Retail Mortgages
... or she usually borrows money for a long period of time, say 10 years. Moreover he will have to pay a fixed interest rate for the entire period. In order to fund this mortgage the bank could issue covered bonds or attract retail savings, which is cash on ordinary savings accounts. Additionally in ord ...
... or she usually borrows money for a long period of time, say 10 years. Moreover he will have to pay a fixed interest rate for the entire period. In order to fund this mortgage the bank could issue covered bonds or attract retail savings, which is cash on ordinary savings accounts. Additionally in ord ...
The Real Unemployment
... they are subject to termination. Other factors such as illegal immigration can affect job numbers and unemployment levels. Illegal immigrants take jobs away from citizens and this increases the unemployment rate. This does not mean illegal immigrants are bad or good for society, it simply means they ...
... they are subject to termination. Other factors such as illegal immigration can affect job numbers and unemployment levels. Illegal immigrants take jobs away from citizens and this increases the unemployment rate. This does not mean illegal immigrants are bad or good for society, it simply means they ...
Economics Example 1: Calculation Based
... Due to the subsidy, more workers would be in demand in the subsidized sector than the unsubsidized sector. So, firms and workers start swapping their operations and move to the subsidized sector to avail the subsidy. Due to increase in demand for workers in subsidized sector, more workers would swap ...
... Due to the subsidy, more workers would be in demand in the subsidized sector than the unsubsidized sector. So, firms and workers start swapping their operations and move to the subsidized sector to avail the subsidy. Due to increase in demand for workers in subsidized sector, more workers would swap ...
What Stock Market Returns to Expect for the
... assessing other proposals that include equities.3 In the 1999 Social Security Trustees Report, OCACT used a higher longterm real rate on Treasury bonds of 3.0 percent.4 In the first 10 years of its projection period, OCACT makes separate assumptions about bond rates for each year and assumes slightl ...
... assessing other proposals that include equities.3 In the 1999 Social Security Trustees Report, OCACT used a higher longterm real rate on Treasury bonds of 3.0 percent.4 In the first 10 years of its projection period, OCACT makes separate assumptions about bond rates for each year and assumes slightl ...
Capital Taxation During the US Great Depression
... to reduce taxable corporate profits by expensing intangible investments like advertising expenditures and research and development (R&D). The model predicts that higher taxes during the 1930s led to a dramatic decline in tangible investment, similar to that observed in the United States, with the m ...
... to reduce taxable corporate profits by expensing intangible investments like advertising expenditures and research and development (R&D). The model predicts that higher taxes during the 1930s led to a dramatic decline in tangible investment, similar to that observed in the United States, with the m ...
Economic Evaluation on Green Architecture System
... Allocating resources of green architecture by market system is the most efficient way, as the prices of the resources exist, whereas the private firms would make decisions just according to the private costs, not the public costs, as the market system is invalid. For example, a high-rise building in ...
... Allocating resources of green architecture by market system is the most efficient way, as the prices of the resources exist, whereas the private firms would make decisions just according to the private costs, not the public costs, as the market system is invalid. For example, a high-rise building in ...
Capital Taxation During the US Great Depression
... to reduce taxable corporate profits by expensing intangible investments like advertising expenditures and research and development (R&D). The model predicts that higher taxes during the 1930s led to a dramatic decline in tangible investment, similar to that observed in the United States, with the m ...
... to reduce taxable corporate profits by expensing intangible investments like advertising expenditures and research and development (R&D). The model predicts that higher taxes during the 1930s led to a dramatic decline in tangible investment, similar to that observed in the United States, with the m ...
ECN 111 Chapter 14 Lecture Notes
... A. Aggregate Demand Fluctuations 1. An increase in aggregate demand shifts the AD curve rightward and increases the price level and real GDP. An expansion occurs. 2. A decrease in aggregate demand shifts the AD curve leftward and decreases the price level and real GDP. A recession occurs B. Aggregat ...
... A. Aggregate Demand Fluctuations 1. An increase in aggregate demand shifts the AD curve rightward and increases the price level and real GDP. An expansion occurs. 2. A decrease in aggregate demand shifts the AD curve leftward and decreases the price level and real GDP. A recession occurs B. Aggregat ...
germany - OECD.org
... complacent. Germany’s powerful export engine and improving fiscal management have served it well, but they should be complemented with policies that support sustainable and inclusive growth, ensuring that prosperity is shared by all. Such policies will be critical as the country enters an advanced s ...
... complacent. Germany’s powerful export engine and improving fiscal management have served it well, but they should be complemented with policies that support sustainable and inclusive growth, ensuring that prosperity is shared by all. Such policies will be critical as the country enters an advanced s ...
A Macrodynamics of Debt Regimes, Financial Instability and
... Moreover, firms’ debt position with the banking system – and therefore the financial fragility of the economy à la Hyman Minsky – is explicitly modeled. To the extent that saving is generated by and concurrently with investment, the choice variable is investment rather than saving. Actually, investm ...
... Moreover, firms’ debt position with the banking system – and therefore the financial fragility of the economy à la Hyman Minsky – is explicitly modeled. To the extent that saving is generated by and concurrently with investment, the choice variable is investment rather than saving. Actually, investm ...
2015 Intergenerational Report
... workforce, especially older Australians and women, to enter, re‑enter and stay in work, where they choose to do so. With a growing population that will live longer, the Intergenerational Report shows the growth in the costs of many services, especially in health, that will put pressure on the budget ...
... workforce, especially older Australians and women, to enter, re‑enter and stay in work, where they choose to do so. With a growing population that will live longer, the Intergenerational Report shows the growth in the costs of many services, especially in health, that will put pressure on the budget ...
Post-Soviet Georgia : it`s a long, long way to "Modern
... conditions have dramatically worsened since independence, which may give way to nostalgia for Soviet times. In 2011, the country's human development index was still much lower than twenty years earlier, 0.733 against 0.829. There is no consensus on the level of poverty in Georgia - which is, among o ...
... conditions have dramatically worsened since independence, which may give way to nostalgia for Soviet times. In 2011, the country's human development index was still much lower than twenty years earlier, 0.733 against 0.829. There is no consensus on the level of poverty in Georgia - which is, among o ...
DOC
... results. In 2010 risk for implementation of the planned government sector deficit is seen in forthcoming election period connected with possibility of additional spending, and in local budgets performance, indicating as yet more like unwillingness to adjust their expenditures to expected revenues. O ...
... results. In 2010 risk for implementation of the planned government sector deficit is seen in forthcoming election period connected with possibility of additional spending, and in local budgets performance, indicating as yet more like unwillingness to adjust their expenditures to expected revenues. O ...
fiscal policy
... expansionary (but potentially more inflationary) way of financing deficit spending than is borrowing. ...
... expansionary (but potentially more inflationary) way of financing deficit spending than is borrowing. ...
This chapter provides a broad perspective of the finances of... Government during 2003-04 and analyses critical changes in the major... Chapter 1
... ratio also increased from an average of 6.04 per cent during the VIII Plan to an average of 6.25 per cent during the IX Plan. There was, however, a moderate improvement in these parameters in the last two years. Reduction in the ratio of revenue and fiscal deficit to GDP was quite significant in the ...
... ratio also increased from an average of 6.04 per cent during the VIII Plan to an average of 6.25 per cent during the IX Plan. There was, however, a moderate improvement in these parameters in the last two years. Reduction in the ratio of revenue and fiscal deficit to GDP was quite significant in the ...
Chapter 14 - Aufinance
... changes the rate by only a quarter of a percentage point. Having decided the appropriate level for the federal funds rate, how does the Fed get the federal funds rate to move to the target level? The answer is by using open market operations to adjust the quantity of monetary base. ...
... changes the rate by only a quarter of a percentage point. Having decided the appropriate level for the federal funds rate, how does the Fed get the federal funds rate to move to the target level? The answer is by using open market operations to adjust the quantity of monetary base. ...
Presentation to the Third Seminar of the FI on the economic crisis
... But what is the reason for the rise in inequality? Piketty reveals that is not better skills or scarce labour delivering better wages for those with skills etc, but a rise in capital incomes from the ownership of the means of production (dividends, interest and rents). Inequality is a result of an i ...
... But what is the reason for the rise in inequality? Piketty reveals that is not better skills or scarce labour delivering better wages for those with skills etc, but a rise in capital incomes from the ownership of the means of production (dividends, interest and rents). Inequality is a result of an i ...
20.1 the federal budget and fiscal policy
... The balanced budget multiplier is not zero—it is positive—because the government expenditure multiplier is larger than the tax multiplier. ...
... The balanced budget multiplier is not zero—it is positive—because the government expenditure multiplier is larger than the tax multiplier. ...
Rare Events and the Equity-Premium Puzzle
... Australia, Japan, New Zealand, and the United States—all members of the OECD since the 1960s. In enumerating disaster events in Table 1, I consider not just one-year changes in real per capita GDP but rather declines that applied to consecutive years, such as 1939-45 for some countries during World ...
... Australia, Japan, New Zealand, and the United States—all members of the OECD since the 1960s. In enumerating disaster events in Table 1, I consider not just one-year changes in real per capita GDP but rather declines that applied to consecutive years, such as 1939-45 for some countries during World ...
The growing demand for retirement income solutions
... retirement needs before the messages are effective. One method — an enrollment book, a group meeting, or a website — is not going to be enough on its own. Much of what we have learned as an industry about participant behavior in the accumulation phase can also be applied to the decumulation phase. A ...
... retirement needs before the messages are effective. One method — an enrollment book, a group meeting, or a website — is not going to be enough on its own. Much of what we have learned as an industry about participant behavior in the accumulation phase can also be applied to the decumulation phase. A ...