174 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL SURVEY OF ASIA AND THE PACIFIC 2013 ESCAP PHOTO
... acceptable minimum wage to prevent poverty or working poor have any meaning. As an illustration, in this section, the required expenditure to provide a job guarantee programme is examined (see the appendix for a more detailed description of the methodology). This essentially hinges upon three factor ...
... acceptable minimum wage to prevent poverty or working poor have any meaning. As an illustration, in this section, the required expenditure to provide a job guarantee programme is examined (see the appendix for a more detailed description of the methodology). This essentially hinges upon three factor ...
Modern Perspectives on Keynesian Stabilization Policies
... between workers and firms, may explain why real wages are so much higher than the marginal rate of substitution in downturns. Yet, it does not follow from that observation that making real wages fully flexible and, in the limit, restoring perfect competition in goods markets would suffice to restore ...
... between workers and firms, may explain why real wages are so much higher than the marginal rate of substitution in downturns. Yet, it does not follow from that observation that making real wages fully flexible and, in the limit, restoring perfect competition in goods markets would suffice to restore ...
Rotten Parents and Disciplined Children: A Politico
... with large governments, such as the Scandinavian countries, run tighter fiscal policies than countries such as Greece and Italy, which have large debt and, arguably, provide public goods less efficiently. The theory predicts a stark divergence when governments can use lump-sum taxes: All countries, ...
... with large governments, such as the Scandinavian countries, run tighter fiscal policies than countries such as Greece and Italy, which have large debt and, arguably, provide public goods less efficiently. The theory predicts a stark divergence when governments can use lump-sum taxes: All countries, ...
Chapter 16: Fiscal Policy - the School of Economics and Finance
... in reducing poverty among elderly Americans, but in recent years, the ability of the federal government to finance current promises has been called into doubt. Falling birthrates after 1965 have meant long-run problems for the Social Security system, as the number of workers per retiree has continua ...
... in reducing poverty among elderly Americans, but in recent years, the ability of the federal government to finance current promises has been called into doubt. Falling birthrates after 1965 have meant long-run problems for the Social Security system, as the number of workers per retiree has continua ...
Lesson 9 - Fiscal Policy
... creating bigger government at the expense of the private market. How does this occur? The theory is that when government borrows heavily it drives up interest rates. Businesses, which are also demanding borrowed funds for their own purposes find that the cost of borrowing (i.e., the interest rate) i ...
... creating bigger government at the expense of the private market. How does this occur? The theory is that when government borrows heavily it drives up interest rates. Businesses, which are also demanding borrowed funds for their own purposes find that the cost of borrowing (i.e., the interest rate) i ...
Lecture 7
... to assess a physical investment project for an all equity financed firm We use ERi because it reflects the riskiness of the firm’s new investment project – provided the ‘new’ investment project has the same ‘business risk’ characteristics as the firm’s existing project. This is because ERi reflects ...
... to assess a physical investment project for an all equity financed firm We use ERi because it reflects the riskiness of the firm’s new investment project – provided the ‘new’ investment project has the same ‘business risk’ characteristics as the firm’s existing project. This is because ERi reflects ...
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... in Poland and in Slovakia, and in the second period in the Czech Republic. Weak and declining TFP growth in Hungary suggests serious structural problems, which inhibit faster productivity growth. Unless TFP picks up, we expect Hungary to eventually diverge from the rest of Europe, as margins of conv ...
... in Poland and in Slovakia, and in the second period in the Czech Republic. Weak and declining TFP growth in Hungary suggests serious structural problems, which inhibit faster productivity growth. Unless TFP picks up, we expect Hungary to eventually diverge from the rest of Europe, as margins of conv ...
Are Progressive Income Taxes Stabilizing?
... depends on both the current real wage and the expected inflation rate. When workers have optimistic expectations (say, about falling inflation), they want to raise their consumption and, accordingly, they devote a higher fraction of their time endowment to work so as to increase their income, which ...
... depends on both the current real wage and the expected inflation rate. When workers have optimistic expectations (say, about falling inflation), they want to raise their consumption and, accordingly, they devote a higher fraction of their time endowment to work so as to increase their income, which ...
5-Open Economy
... In the FR regime the larger deficit will lead to a larger devaluation and hence a larger stimulus to domestic income. The IS schedule will now shift still further to the right. The final solution for income for FR is, therefore, at a higher level than in the case where the degree of capital mobility ...
... In the FR regime the larger deficit will lead to a larger devaluation and hence a larger stimulus to domestic income. The IS schedule will now shift still further to the right. The final solution for income for FR is, therefore, at a higher level than in the case where the degree of capital mobility ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... National Bureau of Economic Research
... The growth rate increases slightly in the crisis year, which confirms that most currency crises have indeed been expansionary. As in Gupta, Mishra, and Sahay (2000), we also find that about 70 percent of the currency crises in our sample led to an output increase in the crisis year. The average GDP ...
... The growth rate increases slightly in the crisis year, which confirms that most currency crises have indeed been expansionary. As in Gupta, Mishra, and Sahay (2000), we also find that about 70 percent of the currency crises in our sample led to an output increase in the crisis year. The average GDP ...
Super EOFY strategies Make tax deductible super contributions
... Other smart EOFY opportunities Prepay expenses If want to bring forward tax deductions and pay less tax this financial year, you could: • pre-pay annual premiums for an income protection policy held in your own name • pre-pay up to 12 months interest on an investment loan (usually only available wi ...
... Other smart EOFY opportunities Prepay expenses If want to bring forward tax deductions and pay less tax this financial year, you could: • pre-pay annual premiums for an income protection policy held in your own name • pre-pay up to 12 months interest on an investment loan (usually only available wi ...
Welfare gains from the adoption of proportional taxation
... it more transparent, and much easier to administer. More specifically, a reduction in both the average and the effective rate generally has a (partial) ”amnesty” effect: tax compliance is expected to improve as the incentive from operating in the unofficial sector is now lower. Labor services are re ...
... it more transparent, and much easier to administer. More specifically, a reduction in both the average and the effective rate generally has a (partial) ”amnesty” effect: tax compliance is expected to improve as the incentive from operating in the unofficial sector is now lower. Labor services are re ...
Budgeting smarter, not harder - Centre for Policy Development
... many other advanced economies. It lowers projected Commonwealth outlays by assuming costs over and above inflation can and will be borne by state budgets. Yet there is no agreement in place as to how states will carry the load in the absence of major cuts to services or new revenue sources, and no r ...
... many other advanced economies. It lowers projected Commonwealth outlays by assuming costs over and above inflation can and will be borne by state budgets. Yet there is no agreement in place as to how states will carry the load in the absence of major cuts to services or new revenue sources, and no r ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES CONCEPTS AND MEASURES OF FEDERAL
... on the composition of GNP. Various specifications lead to the conclusion that a $1 increase in the deficit, controlling for the level of economic activity, appear to be associated with about a 30 cent increase in private saving, about a 35 cent decrease in domestic investment and about a 25 cent dec ...
... on the composition of GNP. Various specifications lead to the conclusion that a $1 increase in the deficit, controlling for the level of economic activity, appear to be associated with about a 30 cent increase in private saving, about a 35 cent decrease in domestic investment and about a 25 cent dec ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... Economic Research
... for all employees in 2004 was about 5 percent higher. In this regard, it should be noted that absenteeism of every kind, as well as part-time work, is more prevalent in the public sector. Additional evidence comes from OECD estimates for average hours by full-year equivalent workers in 2002, account ...
... for all employees in 2004 was about 5 percent higher. In this regard, it should be noted that absenteeism of every kind, as well as part-time work, is more prevalent in the public sector. Additional evidence comes from OECD estimates for average hours by full-year equivalent workers in 2002, account ...
Strategy update
... In the Polish market, the UniCredit-HVB combination will strengthen their already strong individual positions; the impact will be somewhat less in Slovakia and very limited in the other markets where KBC is active. ...
... In the Polish market, the UniCredit-HVB combination will strengthen their already strong individual positions; the impact will be somewhat less in Slovakia and very limited in the other markets where KBC is active. ...
fees apply - Garner Estates
... Renewal fee (signing new tenancy after current £100 (plus VAT) expires.) OTHER FEES AND CHARGES: Fee Defined Unpaid Rent / Interest at 4% above Bank of England Base Rate from date due Returned Payments As per the charge of the cleaning company. The charge will be deducted from the Security Deposit i ...
... Renewal fee (signing new tenancy after current £100 (plus VAT) expires.) OTHER FEES AND CHARGES: Fee Defined Unpaid Rent / Interest at 4% above Bank of England Base Rate from date due Returned Payments As per the charge of the cleaning company. The charge will be deducted from the Security Deposit i ...
89KB - NZQA
... Carl could recommend to Bill that they offer a prompt payment discount / do credit checks on all customers before allowing credit / set up a system to show an alert for aged debtors / follow up on overdue accounts (any other relevant example) ...
... Carl could recommend to Bill that they offer a prompt payment discount / do credit checks on all customers before allowing credit / set up a system to show an alert for aged debtors / follow up on overdue accounts (any other relevant example) ...
Chapter 5 M F L
... accounting for around 70.59 per cent of them in 2005-06, but was also the fastest growing component with its growth averaging 16.57 per cent. Public account liabilities had grown at an average rate of growth 9.91 per cent during 1985-2006. These two components, which in terms of their origin are dom ...
... accounting for around 70.59 per cent of them in 2005-06, but was also the fastest growing component with its growth averaging 16.57 per cent. Public account liabilities had grown at an average rate of growth 9.91 per cent during 1985-2006. These two components, which in terms of their origin are dom ...
a counterfactual analysis
... Figure 2. Domestic financial factors: actual data versus assumed movements in the "no crisis" scenario ...
... Figure 2. Domestic financial factors: actual data versus assumed movements in the "no crisis" scenario ...
Unintended Consequences: How higher investor taxes
... about 50% of their total returns in the form of dividends over the last two decades (and the importance of dividends has been even higher in the most recent decade). Not surprisingly, firms in these industries are likely to be more severely impacted by an increase in the dividend tax rate than firms ...
... about 50% of their total returns in the form of dividends over the last two decades (and the importance of dividends has been even higher in the most recent decade). Not surprisingly, firms in these industries are likely to be more severely impacted by an increase in the dividend tax rate than firms ...
PPT
... • Time value of money: money today worth more than money tomorrow – Need to provide return on future money to compensate for not spending it today ...
... • Time value of money: money today worth more than money tomorrow – Need to provide return on future money to compensate for not spending it today ...
Presentación de Florian A. Alburo, en inglés (pdf, 190 Kb.)
... In terms of the trade and current account deficit characteristic, the Philippines has had a trade problem for some time and it has been persistent. On the other hand its current account deficit has fluctuated over the years narrowing the trade deficit with surpluses in the services trade, and net tr ...
... In terms of the trade and current account deficit characteristic, the Philippines has had a trade problem for some time and it has been persistent. On the other hand its current account deficit has fluctuated over the years narrowing the trade deficit with surpluses in the services trade, and net tr ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES FIXED EXCHANGE RATES, INFLATION AND MACROECONOMIC DISCIPLINE Sebastian Edwards
... II. Fixed Excban2e Rates and PPP In Central America: A Long Run Empirical Perspective Even though Honduras had a fixed exchange rate from 1918 to 1990 and Guatemala between 1926 and 1986, we have only been able to find macroeconomic ...
... II. Fixed Excban2e Rates and PPP In Central America: A Long Run Empirical Perspective Even though Honduras had a fixed exchange rate from 1918 to 1990 and Guatemala between 1926 and 1986, we have only been able to find macroeconomic ...