Nothing Wrong with Finite T: Non-Agreeing Accusative Impersonal
... 2.2 Non-Local Relations and Derivational Dead Ends The most serious theoretical problem for a cross-classification as in (4) is the problem of derivational dead ends, i.e. combining V with vcomp in AIs restricts the featural makeup of T. Moreover, the specification of the categories v and T with res ...
... 2.2 Non-Local Relations and Derivational Dead Ends The most serious theoretical problem for a cross-classification as in (4) is the problem of derivational dead ends, i.e. combining V with vcomp in AIs restricts the featural makeup of T. Moreover, the specification of the categories v and T with res ...
À Hubert Cuyckens - Université Paris
... A common situation of lexicalization in the inflectional languages is shown when a given word, inflected in a certain case, gender and number, looses the possibility of morpho-syntactic variation and becomes morphologically frozen. The frozen form itself may become the signifier of a new lexeme, gen ...
... A common situation of lexicalization in the inflectional languages is shown when a given word, inflected in a certain case, gender and number, looses the possibility of morpho-syntactic variation and becomes morphologically frozen. The frozen form itself may become the signifier of a new lexeme, gen ...
Chapter 4: Language activities
... It is very easy to create games like this. In stand-alone FLAX, go to the collection, click Activities, and click create an exercise. You will then see the form shown opposite. Note that the Save button is inactive, because although anyone can create and play games in the stand-alone interface, only ...
... It is very easy to create games like this. In stand-alone FLAX, go to the collection, click Activities, and click create an exercise. You will then see the form shown opposite. Note that the Save button is inactive, because although anyone can create and play games in the stand-alone interface, only ...
powerpoint
... wasted processing hypothesizing words and phrases (relevant lexical items are absent), repeated parsing of subtrees ...
... wasted processing hypothesizing words and phrases (relevant lexical items are absent), repeated parsing of subtrees ...
Cognitive pragmatics: The mental processes of communication
... offering a number of innovations compared to traditional treatments, thereby offering solutions to problems that have hitherto not found satisfactory explanations. The mental states introduced will then come to constitute a logical model that accounts for both the production and the comprehension of ...
... offering a number of innovations compared to traditional treatments, thereby offering solutions to problems that have hitherto not found satisfactory explanations. The mental states introduced will then come to constitute a logical model that accounts for both the production and the comprehension of ...
IV Sentence Problems
... (Ask Ss to read the following sentences, find out the problem in each one and then correct them.) —Mike cannot keep orchids alive, but geraniums are easy for him to grow. (A shift in subject) —Shirley won the first prize, while her brother was awarded the second. (A shift in voice) —Roger crossed th ...
... (Ask Ss to read the following sentences, find out the problem in each one and then correct them.) —Mike cannot keep orchids alive, but geraniums are easy for him to grow. (A shift in subject) —Shirley won the first prize, while her brother was awarded the second. (A shift in voice) —Roger crossed th ...
6.863J Natural Language Processing Lecture 9: Writing grammars
... • Recall: Completer adds new states to chart by finding states whose • can be advanced (i.e., category of next constituent matches that of completed constituent) • Now: Completer will only advance those states if their feature structures unify ...
... • Recall: Completer adds new states to chart by finding states whose • can be advanced (i.e., category of next constituent matches that of completed constituent) • Now: Completer will only advance those states if their feature structures unify ...
Unit 1 - MP Board
... There are thousands of words in any language. But different words perform different functions. All the words do not have the same job to perform. For example, some words express "action". Other words express a "thing". Some words tell just `names." Other words "join" one word to another. These may b ...
... There are thousands of words in any language. But different words perform different functions. All the words do not have the same job to perform. For example, some words express "action". Other words express a "thing". Some words tell just `names." Other words "join" one word to another. These may b ...
Sound Like…: Understanding Japanese Sound Symbolism
... unvoiced consonants and high vowels generally denote smaller things than low vowels, etc. (Hiroko 2003). I will explore the meanings of certain phonemes more deeply in Japanese sound symbolism later on. An intuitive understanding of these trends, largely absent in English, is hard to develop in non ...
... unvoiced consonants and high vowels generally denote smaller things than low vowels, etc. (Hiroko 2003). I will explore the meanings of certain phonemes more deeply in Japanese sound symbolism later on. An intuitive understanding of these trends, largely absent in English, is hard to develop in non ...
Modal Reasoning
... Bisimulations have two major uses; we consider tree unraveling first, then model contraction. Definition: Tree Unraveling Every modal M, s has a bisimulation with a rooted tree-like model constructed as follows. The worlds in the tree unraveling are all finite paths of worlds in M starting with s an ...
... Bisimulations have two major uses; we consider tree unraveling first, then model contraction. Definition: Tree Unraveling Every modal M, s has a bisimulation with a rooted tree-like model constructed as follows. The worlds in the tree unraveling are all finite paths of worlds in M starting with s an ...
Coordination of Unlikes without Unlike Categories
... ‘grow’ because the constraint 0 ≤ 2 noun is violated: 0 cannot be unified with adj because adj 6≤ noun. The use of type-underspecification keeps the number of nodes in the hierarchy much lower than in Levy and Pollard (2002), but, as Sag (2002) notes, each different kind of unlike category coordinat ...
... ‘grow’ because the constraint 0 ≤ 2 noun is violated: 0 cannot be unified with adj because adj 6≤ noun. The use of type-underspecification keeps the number of nodes in the hierarchy much lower than in Levy and Pollard (2002), but, as Sag (2002) notes, each different kind of unlike category coordinat ...
Cognitive Development in Infancy
... are mental structures called schemes, organized patterns of functioning, that adapt and change with mental development. Although at first schemes are related to physical, or sensorimotor, activity, as children develop their schemes move to a mental level, reflecting thought. Schemes are similar to c ...
... are mental structures called schemes, organized patterns of functioning, that adapt and change with mental development. Although at first schemes are related to physical, or sensorimotor, activity, as children develop their schemes move to a mental level, reflecting thought. Schemes are similar to c ...
Optimizing Grammars for Minimum Dependency Length
... a word may have up to k dependents. It also allows us to naturally capture statements such as “a noun phrase consists of a determiner, then (possibly) some adjectives, the head noun, and then (possibly) some prepositional phrases”, by, for example, setting the weight for NP→DT to -2, NP→JJ to 1, and ...
... a word may have up to k dependents. It also allows us to naturally capture statements such as “a noun phrase consists of a determiner, then (possibly) some adjectives, the head noun, and then (possibly) some prepositional phrases”, by, for example, setting the weight for NP→DT to -2, NP→JJ to 1, and ...
COMMON MISTAKES IN THE USE OF RELATIVE CLAUSES IN
... Restrictive clause describes the preceding noun by distinguishing it from other nouns of the same class. They are essential for a clear understanding of the noun and the overall sentence. In the sentence: A woman who wears a blue dress works together with my mother. “…who wears a blue dress” is a re ...
... Restrictive clause describes the preceding noun by distinguishing it from other nouns of the same class. They are essential for a clear understanding of the noun and the overall sentence. In the sentence: A woman who wears a blue dress works together with my mother. “…who wears a blue dress” is a re ...
Grammatical Morphemes and Conceptual Structure in Discourse Processing DANIEL
... to sentence meaning only indirectly by signaling a small set of semantic relations between referents (Forster, 1979; Garrett, 1975). This approach to the open/closed-class distinction has drawn upon the framework provided by generative grammar, which organizes grammar around syntax and stresses the ...
... to sentence meaning only indirectly by signaling a small set of semantic relations between referents (Forster, 1979; Garrett, 1975). This approach to the open/closed-class distinction has drawn upon the framework provided by generative grammar, which organizes grammar around syntax and stresses the ...
pages 213–231 - Stanford University
... The facts in (6) contrast directly with the ECC facts involving the negative copula ani-, which takes a nominative-marked complement (see (1)b): the aniverbal part can be doubled by itself, as in (7)b, just like a regular verb (cf. (5)a). And while the doubling of N + negative copula as in (7)a is g ...
... The facts in (6) contrast directly with the ECC facts involving the negative copula ani-, which takes a nominative-marked complement (see (1)b): the aniverbal part can be doubled by itself, as in (7)b, just like a regular verb (cf. (5)a). And while the doubling of N + negative copula as in (7)a is g ...
Persian complex predicates and the limits of inheritance
... Persian complex predicates pose an interesting challenge for theoretical linguistics, since they have both word-like and phrase-like properties. For instance, they can feed derivational processes, but they are also separable by the future auxiliary or the negation prefix. Various proposals have been ...
... Persian complex predicates pose an interesting challenge for theoretical linguistics, since they have both word-like and phrase-like properties. For instance, they can feed derivational processes, but they are also separable by the future auxiliary or the negation prefix. Various proposals have been ...
Automata-Theoretic Model Checking Lili Anne Dworkin Advised by Professor Steven Lindell
... − ⊥ and > are LTL formulas. − If p ∈ AP , then p is an LTL formula. − If φ and ψ are LTL formulas, then ¬φ, (φ ∧ ψ), (φ ∨ ψ), (φ → ψ), Xψ, Gψ, Fψ, and φUψ are LTL formulas. − There are no other LTL formulas. For simplicity, we use a stripped-down vocabulary, including only the operators ¬, ∧, X, and ...
... − ⊥ and > are LTL formulas. − If p ∈ AP , then p is an LTL formula. − If φ and ψ are LTL formulas, then ¬φ, (φ ∧ ψ), (φ ∨ ψ), (φ → ψ), Xψ, Gψ, Fψ, and φUψ are LTL formulas. − There are no other LTL formulas. For simplicity, we use a stripped-down vocabulary, including only the operators ¬, ∧, X, and ...
Chapter I
... paraphrases, a comment will be given for Step (d). (45 Basic BT) John handed the tools to me. (46 T) John performed the act of handing me the tools. Note the dummy verb 'performed', as a generic abstraction of the meaning of an action transitive verb (with the generic term 'the act', which fills the ...
... paraphrases, a comment will be given for Step (d). (45 Basic BT) John handed the tools to me. (46 T) John performed the act of handing me the tools. Note the dummy verb 'performed', as a generic abstraction of the meaning of an action transitive verb (with the generic term 'the act', which fills the ...
possible-worlds semantics for modal notions conceived as predicates
... sometimes even if it does not come with any semantics but only with axioms and rules. This terminology is surely confusing, but it has become almost standard terminology after Kripke [27] had shown how to apply a substitutional interpretation of quantification with the mentioned properties. Substitu ...
... sometimes even if it does not come with any semantics but only with axioms and rules. This terminology is surely confusing, but it has become almost standard terminology after Kripke [27] had shown how to apply a substitutional interpretation of quantification with the mentioned properties. Substitu ...
Exploring Learners‟ Developing L2 Collocational Competence
... influence, and these errors did not tend to decline over time. It was likely that the learners, in contrast to native English speakers, construct messages from individual words rather than from prefabricated units or formulaic sequences, depending on L1 transfer and having tendency to ignore restric ...
... influence, and these errors did not tend to decline over time. It was likely that the learners, in contrast to native English speakers, construct messages from individual words rather than from prefabricated units or formulaic sequences, depending on L1 transfer and having tendency to ignore restric ...
E89-1001
... compositional. We thus consider idioms of different syntactic categories : NP, S, adverbials, compound prepositions.., in both English and French. In lexicalized TAGs, the same grammar is used for idioms as for 'free' sentences. We assign them regular syntactic structures while representing them sem ...
... compositional. We thus consider idioms of different syntactic categories : NP, S, adverbials, compound prepositions.., in both English and French. In lexicalized TAGs, the same grammar is used for idioms as for 'free' sentences. We assign them regular syntactic structures while representing them sem ...
Scrambling and Processing: Dependencies
... hypothesis that a psycholinguistic investigation of a phenomenon can shed the light on some unresolved linguistic problem. The second approach advocated by cognitive science suggests that ideally we would study every construction in a language from both linguistic and psycholinguistic points of view ...
... hypothesis that a psycholinguistic investigation of a phenomenon can shed the light on some unresolved linguistic problem. The second approach advocated by cognitive science suggests that ideally we would study every construction in a language from both linguistic and psycholinguistic points of view ...
An On-Line Computational Model of Human Sentence Interpretation
... no distinction between the lexical analyzer, the parser, and the semantic interpreter. Because these kinds of knowledge are represented uniformly, they can be accessed, integrated, and disambiguated by a single mechanism. A second claim the interpreter embodies is that sentence processing is fundame ...
... no distinction between the lexical analyzer, the parser, and the semantic interpreter. Because these kinds of knowledge are represented uniformly, they can be accessed, integrated, and disambiguated by a single mechanism. A second claim the interpreter embodies is that sentence processing is fundame ...
General Semantics - Division of Social Sciences
... In this example, I have used only derived categories of the form (c/c^ that take a single argument. I shall adopt this restriction for the most part in practice, but not in principle. It is apparent that categorial grammars of this sort are not reasonable grammars for natural language. For that matt ...
... In this example, I have used only derived categories of the form (c/c^ that take a single argument. I shall adopt this restriction for the most part in practice, but not in principle. It is apparent that categorial grammars of this sort are not reasonable grammars for natural language. For that matt ...