An On-line Computational Model of Human Sentence Interpretation
... interpreter. Because these kinds of knowledge are represented uniformly, they can be accessed, integrated, and disambiguated by a single mechanism. A second claim the interpreter embodies is that sentence processing is fundamentally knowledge-intensive and expectation-based. The representation and i ...
... interpreter. Because these kinds of knowledge are represented uniformly, they can be accessed, integrated, and disambiguated by a single mechanism. A second claim the interpreter embodies is that sentence processing is fundamentally knowledge-intensive and expectation-based. The representation and i ...
seals xvi - Pacific Linguistics
... speech in their daily language exploitation. To be harmonious with and to honor others in their interaction, Javanese people use their language in several strategies in which one of them is that of being indirect. If a speaker thinks that to state something clearly and ‘to the point’ is thought to b ...
... speech in their daily language exploitation. To be harmonious with and to honor others in their interaction, Javanese people use their language in several strategies in which one of them is that of being indirect. If a speaker thinks that to state something clearly and ‘to the point’ is thought to b ...
A Contrastive Analysis of Cognitive Processes of Bilingual
... linguistic factors, such as vocabulary and grammar, which are key elements that cause sight translation mistakes (which accounts for 76% and 79% respectively). Nevertheless, the non-linguistic factors, such as culture and situation, they cause rather less sight translation mistakes (only 21% and 24% ...
... linguistic factors, such as vocabulary and grammar, which are key elements that cause sight translation mistakes (which accounts for 76% and 79% respectively). Nevertheless, the non-linguistic factors, such as culture and situation, they cause rather less sight translation mistakes (only 21% and 24% ...
Lecture 17: Existential Sentences in Chinese: Syntax and Semantics
... “Coda” in English there-sentences like There are three answers (in the back of the book).) Even the classification of sentences is not always clear, and there are not clear-cut criteria for what should count as an ‘existential sentence’. In such a situation, research proceeds in many directions, wit ...
... “Coda” in English there-sentences like There are three answers (in the back of the book).) Even the classification of sentences is not always clear, and there are not clear-cut criteria for what should count as an ‘existential sentence’. In such a situation, research proceeds in many directions, wit ...
Prosody Drives the Syntax: O`odham Rhythm *1
... candidate is allowed. Ties are settled by descending down the constraint hierarchy to lower-ranked constraints to determine which output is the optimal one. While OT has not been applied to prosody, the advantages of doing so are clear. First, this will allow us to capture the interactions between p ...
... candidate is allowed. Ties are settled by descending down the constraint hierarchy to lower-ranked constraints to determine which output is the optimal one. While OT has not been applied to prosody, the advantages of doing so are clear. First, this will allow us to capture the interactions between p ...
Zipf`s law and the grammar of languages: A quantitative
... The idea that such grammatical differences can be reflected in quantitative analyses goes back to the earliest writings of Zipf (1932, 1965 [1935]). He considered the number and distributions of unique word forms in different languages to be linguistically interesting. Analyzing the patterns of word ...
... The idea that such grammatical differences can be reflected in quantitative analyses goes back to the earliest writings of Zipf (1932, 1965 [1935]). He considered the number and distributions of unique word forms in different languages to be linguistically interesting. Analyzing the patterns of word ...
univERsity oF copEnhAGEn
... 2000 a new set of quantitative methods began to be seen in linguistics. The tools for studying biological evolution were in a period of rapid development as methodologists rushed to exploit new possibilities brought about by advances in gene sequencing and desktop computing. The initial reception of ...
... 2000 a new set of quantitative methods began to be seen in linguistics. The tools for studying biological evolution were in a period of rapid development as methodologists rushed to exploit new possibilities brought about by advances in gene sequencing and desktop computing. The initial reception of ...
Words
... the language. Linguists that start with this notion quickly get into trouble by not being clear about what a “word” is such that a speaker might know it or what “know” is such that a speaker might “know” a word. What properties does “nationalization” have that are not properties of its constituent p ...
... the language. Linguists that start with this notion quickly get into trouble by not being clear about what a “word” is such that a speaker might know it or what “know” is such that a speaker might “know” a word. What properties does “nationalization” have that are not properties of its constituent p ...
Chapter 3
... of languages outside the Indo-European family. For example, it is not clear how to deal with some constructions found in Amele, a Trans-New Guinea language, which exhibit a certain degree of dependency, but no embedding (see section 3.2, for more discussion). Moreover, the traditional approach may e ...
... of languages outside the Indo-European family. For example, it is not clear how to deal with some constructions found in Amele, a Trans-New Guinea language, which exhibit a certain degree of dependency, but no embedding (see section 3.2, for more discussion). Moreover, the traditional approach may e ...
How arbitrary is language? - Philosophical Transactions of the
... language actually is. Are the observed systematic clusters, such as phonoaesthemes, merely a ‘negligible fraction’ [25] of the lexicon or is systematicity a more substantial feature of spoken language? This is an important question to address because it provides insight not only into the properties ...
... language actually is. Are the observed systematic clusters, such as phonoaesthemes, merely a ‘negligible fraction’ [25] of the lexicon or is systematicity a more substantial feature of spoken language? This is an important question to address because it provides insight not only into the properties ...
Prosody Drives the Syntax: O`odham Rhythm
... candidate is allowed. Ties are settled by descending down the constraint hierarchy to lower-ranked constraints to determine which output is the optimal one. While OT has not been applied to prosody, the advantages of doing so are clear. First, this will allow us to capture the interactions between p ...
... candidate is allowed. Ties are settled by descending down the constraint hierarchy to lower-ranked constraints to determine which output is the optimal one. While OT has not been applied to prosody, the advantages of doing so are clear. First, this will allow us to capture the interactions between p ...
Report of group II of the GU project in MT research
... the predicate, the above choice is only one of two translation requirements. The second requirement is the rearrangement of the order of subject block and predicate, since in English the subject precedes the predicate. To effect this rearrangement, it is necessary to identify not only the fulcrum of ...
... the predicate, the above choice is only one of two translation requirements. The second requirement is the rearrangement of the order of subject block and predicate, since in English the subject precedes the predicate. To effect this rearrangement, it is necessary to identify not only the fulcrum of ...
Peak to Peak Writer`s Handbook
... Important Words in Questions, Assignments and Writing Prompts: (with suggestions for prewriting forms to begin generating ideas) Analyze or Evaluate: Go beyond Level One information (definitions) to discuss meaning. Evaluate the merit, weigh evidence and discuss implications of this meaning. Use per ...
... Important Words in Questions, Assignments and Writing Prompts: (with suggestions for prewriting forms to begin generating ideas) Analyze or Evaluate: Go beyond Level One information (definitions) to discuss meaning. Evaluate the merit, weigh evidence and discuss implications of this meaning. Use per ...
Remarks on Second-Order Consequence
... sentences coincide with the sentences deducible from it). Thus, when dealing with axiomatic theories couched in a first-order language, we don't have to worry about the distinction between theorems and logical consequences of the axioms. The existence of a complete calculus for first-order logical c ...
... sentences coincide with the sentences deducible from it). Thus, when dealing with axiomatic theories couched in a first-order language, we don't have to worry about the distinction between theorems and logical consequences of the axioms. The existence of a complete calculus for first-order logical c ...
"Gapping" in DP. - Northwestern University
... possible in coordination structures (Bo'ković and Franks 2000, Hornstein and Nunes 2002, Munn 1993, 1999, Williams 1978). Cross-conjunct binding follows as well. The subject of the antecedent constituent moves to Spec,TP, a position from which it c-commands the coordinate structure, including the r ...
... possible in coordination structures (Bo'ković and Franks 2000, Hornstein and Nunes 2002, Munn 1993, 1999, Williams 1978). Cross-conjunct binding follows as well. The subject of the antecedent constituent moves to Spec,TP, a position from which it c-commands the coordinate structure, including the r ...
Passives in Germanic Languages:
... with the matrix subject. This fact does not only point even more clearly to a control, rather than a raising analysis, but is in general the common background which underlies all the three analyses of Müller (2002), Kathol (1994) and Pollard (1994) presented in the previous. An additional problem sh ...
... with the matrix subject. This fact does not only point even more clearly to a control, rather than a raising analysis, but is in general the common background which underlies all the three analyses of Müller (2002), Kathol (1994) and Pollard (1994) presented in the previous. An additional problem sh ...
A Simple Syntax for Complex Semantics
... The task of computational semantics cannot be but complex because its ultimate aim is to model how human-machine communications are carried out by means of natural language. That of syntax can, however, be made simple at both the structural and the procedural level. The proposed syntactic module KoS ...
... The task of computational semantics cannot be but complex because its ultimate aim is to model how human-machine communications are carried out by means of natural language. That of syntax can, however, be made simple at both the structural and the procedural level. The proposed syntactic module KoS ...
Innovative 1PL Subject Constructions in Finnish
... Innovative 1PL Subject Constructions in Finnish and Consequences to Object Marking Rigina Ajanki, University of Helsinki As most of the Uralic languages, Finnish makes use of suffixal person marking in conjugation and declination. The phenomenom is not an example of canonical agreement, but as Hasp ...
... Innovative 1PL Subject Constructions in Finnish and Consequences to Object Marking Rigina Ajanki, University of Helsinki As most of the Uralic languages, Finnish makes use of suffixal person marking in conjugation and declination. The phenomenom is not an example of canonical agreement, but as Hasp ...
The acquisition of a unification-based generalised categorial grammar
... 4.78 Derivation of Sentence Bill gave Mary the dog . . . . . . . . . . 4.79 Derivation of Sentence Bill tries to run . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.80 Logical Form of Sentence Bill tries to run . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.81 Derivation of Sentence Bill tends to run . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.82 Logica ...
... 4.78 Derivation of Sentence Bill gave Mary the dog . . . . . . . . . . 4.79 Derivation of Sentence Bill tries to run . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.80 Logical Form of Sentence Bill tries to run . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.81 Derivation of Sentence Bill tends to run . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.82 Logica ...
![Second Language Knowledge of [+/-Past] vs. [+/-Finite]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/016693296_1-c310f55bc86f7044ed5fd2ea24202500-300x300.png)
Second Language Knowledge of [+/-Past] vs. [+/-Finite]
... acquisition subsequently become unavailable in later language acquisition. Table 1 shows that, in accordance with the FFH, SX provides a significantly lower proportion of past tense marking than HF and MK, two of the Japanese and German native speakers in this study. Note, however, that neither the ...
... acquisition subsequently become unavailable in later language acquisition. Table 1 shows that, in accordance with the FFH, SX provides a significantly lower proportion of past tense marking than HF and MK, two of the Japanese and German native speakers in this study. Note, however, that neither the ...
Context-Free Grammars (CFGs) Parsing: Assigning Structure to
... Control (or equi) verbs (e.g., try): the subject of the higher clause “controls” the subject of the lower clause, but has certain restrictions on it. ...
... Control (or equi) verbs (e.g., try): the subject of the higher clause “controls” the subject of the lower clause, but has certain restrictions on it. ...
The problem of Parts of the sentence
... It and there in such syntactic structures are generally called anticipatory or introductory subjects. There in such patterns is often referred to as a function word, and this is not devoid of some logical foundation. It is pronounced with weak or tertiary stress, which distinguishes it from the adve ...
... It and there in such syntactic structures are generally called anticipatory or introductory subjects. There in such patterns is often referred to as a function word, and this is not devoid of some logical foundation. It is pronounced with weak or tertiary stress, which distinguishes it from the adve ...
When Swedes begin to learn German: from V2 to V2
... Vorfeld frequently hosts locational, temporal and other adjuncts (e.g. Zifonun et al., 1997: 1607; Carroll and Lambert, 2003: 282; Rosén, 2006). Corpus studies also indicate that in Swedish, objects and other complements in the Vorfeld are rarer than in German, and the range of objects in the Vorfel ...
... Vorfeld frequently hosts locational, temporal and other adjuncts (e.g. Zifonun et al., 1997: 1607; Carroll and Lambert, 2003: 282; Rosén, 2006). Corpus studies also indicate that in Swedish, objects and other complements in the Vorfeld are rarer than in German, and the range of objects in the Vorfel ...
melanesian pidgin and second language acquisition
... who served as linguistic brokers, communicating with fellow Islanders and with Europeans, and mediating interlingual encounters. When the Labor Trade began, they played an expanding role in recruiting Islanders from communities still engaged in blood feuding and warfare, and in organizing work on pl ...
... who served as linguistic brokers, communicating with fellow Islanders and with Europeans, and mediating interlingual encounters. When the Labor Trade began, they played an expanding role in recruiting Islanders from communities still engaged in blood feuding and warfare, and in organizing work on pl ...
A Maximum Entropy Model of Phonotactics and
... may not be a realistic representation of this distinction. For instance, use frequency differences may insure that the properties of certain forms are readily accessible under most circumstances to most speakers, while other forms might not be, even though the speaker may recognize them as familiar ...
... may not be a realistic representation of this distinction. For instance, use frequency differences may insure that the properties of certain forms are readily accessible under most circumstances to most speakers, while other forms might not be, even though the speaker may recognize them as familiar ...