Bacterial translocation: Overview of mechanisms and clinical impact
... The presence of bacterial concentration in the order of 1012 per milliliter in an estimated 200 m2 intestinal lumen surface,1,2 and the fact that only a unicellular epithelial layer is the barrier between this hostile environment and the sterile bloodstream, has instigated research by scientists for ...
... The presence of bacterial concentration in the order of 1012 per milliliter in an estimated 200 m2 intestinal lumen surface,1,2 and the fact that only a unicellular epithelial layer is the barrier between this hostile environment and the sterile bloodstream, has instigated research by scientists for ...
Influence of diet on the structure and function of the bacterial hindgut
... changes to population shifts. In one such study the investigators noted a decrease in streptococci and lactobacilli inhabiting the foregut of cockroaches after a switch to low protein–high-fibre diets, which was accompanied by a decrease in the rate of lactate and acetate production (Kane & Breznak ...
... changes to population shifts. In one such study the investigators noted a decrease in streptococci and lactobacilli inhabiting the foregut of cockroaches after a switch to low protein–high-fibre diets, which was accompanied by a decrease in the rate of lactate and acetate production (Kane & Breznak ...
The Value of Smile
... they take up some of the cholesterol that is present, and it becomes associated with the cells as the bacteria grow. Second, at least part of the cholesterol actually becomes incorporated into the bacterial cells. Either way, the cholesterol becomes unavailable for absorption from the intestine into ...
... they take up some of the cholesterol that is present, and it becomes associated with the cells as the bacteria grow. Second, at least part of the cholesterol actually becomes incorporated into the bacterial cells. Either way, the cholesterol becomes unavailable for absorption from the intestine into ...
The Value of Smile
... such as “Ulcerative Colitis” and “Crohn’s disease”, are serious intestinal diseases that can lead to the surgical removal of the colon. The cause of these diseases is not known but it has been hypothesized that an intolerance to the normal microbiota in the gut leads to inflammation and resulting pa ...
... such as “Ulcerative Colitis” and “Crohn’s disease”, are serious intestinal diseases that can lead to the surgical removal of the colon. The cause of these diseases is not known but it has been hypothesized that an intolerance to the normal microbiota in the gut leads to inflammation and resulting pa ...
Phenol Sensitivity Phenols are a group substances found in natural
... sulphation. Some individuals have difficulty tolerating even small amounts of them. The reaction to a natural salicylate/phenol can be severe if a person is highly sensitive. Some people are troubled by only one or two, while others are sensitive to all of them. Addressing the need to eliminate food ...
... sulphation. Some individuals have difficulty tolerating even small amounts of them. The reaction to a natural salicylate/phenol can be severe if a person is highly sensitive. Some people are troubled by only one or two, while others are sensitive to all of them. Addressing the need to eliminate food ...
Bacterial Infections cp
... – We use bacteria to “grow” vaccines – Some bacteria kill other strains of bacteria (ex. On skin…staphylococcus epidermis) – Estimated that ½ of all disease is caused by bacteria • Produces jobs • Produces $$ for prescription drug companies ...
... – We use bacteria to “grow” vaccines – Some bacteria kill other strains of bacteria (ex. On skin…staphylococcus epidermis) – Estimated that ½ of all disease is caused by bacteria • Produces jobs • Produces $$ for prescription drug companies ...
Lactobacillus - the `pioneer` of probiotics?
... These factors are explained more fully below. Lactic acid lowers the pH of the latter part of the small bowel (ileum) and the first part of the large bowel (caecum). This increased acidity discourages harmful bacteria4. Some lactobacilli also produce acetic acid, and this has an even stronger anti-p ...
... These factors are explained more fully below. Lactic acid lowers the pH of the latter part of the small bowel (ileum) and the first part of the large bowel (caecum). This increased acidity discourages harmful bacteria4. Some lactobacilli also produce acetic acid, and this has an even stronger anti-p ...
Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption
... Leptin was discovered in a strain of mice that overeat and become obese. These mice have a mutation in the gene for leptin—injections of leptin caused them to lose weight and eat less. This effect was not the same in humans— most obese people have higher levels of leptin, but do not respond to it no ...
... Leptin was discovered in a strain of mice that overeat and become obese. These mice have a mutation in the gene for leptin—injections of leptin caused them to lose weight and eat less. This effect was not the same in humans— most obese people have higher levels of leptin, but do not respond to it no ...
bloating and wind
... which is swallowed; the carbon dioxide is produced by stomach acid mixing with bicarbonate in bile and pancreatic juices. These gases get into the small intestine where most of the oxygen and carbon dioxide are absorbed into the blood stream and nitrogen is passed down the large bowel (colon). In ot ...
... which is swallowed; the carbon dioxide is produced by stomach acid mixing with bicarbonate in bile and pancreatic juices. These gases get into the small intestine where most of the oxygen and carbon dioxide are absorbed into the blood stream and nitrogen is passed down the large bowel (colon). In ot ...
the following layers from outer surface inward: (1) the serosa, The
... excitatory waves along the gut wall, causing more rapid movement of the gut peristaltic waves. The myenteric plexus should not be considered entirely excitatory because some of its neurons are inhibitory; their fiber endings secrete an inhibitory transmitter, possibly vasoactive intestinal polypepti ...
... excitatory waves along the gut wall, causing more rapid movement of the gut peristaltic waves. The myenteric plexus should not be considered entirely excitatory because some of its neurons are inhibitory; their fiber endings secrete an inhibitory transmitter, possibly vasoactive intestinal polypepti ...
Gut flora
Gut flora or, more appropriately, gut microbiota, consists of a complex community of microorganism species that live in the digestive tracts of animals and is the largest reservoir of microorganisms mutual to humans. In this context gut is synonymous with intestinal, and flora with microbiota and microflora. The gut microbiome refer to the genomes of the gut microbiota.Gut microorganisms benefit the host by gleaning the energy from the fermentation of undigested carbohydrates and the subsequent absorption of short-chain fatty acids. The most important of these fatty acids are butyrates, metabolised by the colonic epithelium; propionates by the liver; and acetates by the muscle tissue. Intestinal bacteria also play a role in synthesizing vitamin B and vitamin K as well as metabolizing bile acids, sterols and xenobiotics.The human body carries about 100 trillion microorganisms in its intestines, a number ten times greater than the total number of human cells in the body. The metabolic activities performed by these bacteria resemble those of an organ, leading some to liken gut bacteria to a ""forgotten"" organ. It is estimated that these gut flora have around a hundred times as many genes in aggregate as there are in the human genome.