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The lac repressor binds to operator DNA
... • Nobel Prize in 1965 (with A. Lwoff) for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis • Compared the effects of many different types of lac mutants on induction and repression of enzyme activity for lactose utilization ...
... • Nobel Prize in 1965 (with A. Lwoff) for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis • Compared the effects of many different types of lac mutants on induction and repression of enzyme activity for lactose utilization ...
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE: ORIGINS, EVOLUTION, SELECTION
... an ambulatory community, we found that 40% of people on antibiotics carried two or more resistances in 10% of their E. coir, 25% had three or more resistances, and 10% had four ormore (Levy etal 1988). Peopleexcrete resistant E. coli at the 50% level, even when not consuming antibiotics (Levy et al ...
... an ambulatory community, we found that 40% of people on antibiotics carried two or more resistances in 10% of their E. coir, 25% had three or more resistances, and 10% had four ormore (Levy etal 1988). Peopleexcrete resistant E. coli at the 50% level, even when not consuming antibiotics (Levy et al ...
(b) Photosynthetic prokaryote
... (b) Gram-negative. Gram-negative bacteria have less peptidoglycan, and it is located in a layer between the plasma membrane and an outer membrane. The violet dye is easily rinsed from the cytoplasm, and the cell appears pink or red after the red dye is added. ...
... (b) Gram-negative. Gram-negative bacteria have less peptidoglycan, and it is located in a layer between the plasma membrane and an outer membrane. The violet dye is easily rinsed from the cytoplasm, and the cell appears pink or red after the red dye is added. ...
Frequent gene fissions associated with human pathogenic bacteria
... [1,6], fusion and fission analyses have never focused specifically on the protein evolution of human bacterial pathogens, or pathogenic bacteria in general. However, such events seem to play an important role in the evolution of multidomain bacterial proteins [3], and examples of gene fusions aiding p ...
... [1,6], fusion and fission analyses have never focused specifically on the protein evolution of human bacterial pathogens, or pathogenic bacteria in general. However, such events seem to play an important role in the evolution of multidomain bacterial proteins [3], and examples of gene fusions aiding p ...
Indole-3-acetic acid: a reciprocal signalling molecule in bacteria
... demonstrated that the nod inducers, the flavonoids, also stimulate the production of IAA by Rhizobium15. Combined application of Rhizobium and Azospirillum can enhance nodulation, as demonstrated in several studies and recently further explored16. Better root development could explain the increased ...
... demonstrated that the nod inducers, the flavonoids, also stimulate the production of IAA by Rhizobium15. Combined application of Rhizobium and Azospirillum can enhance nodulation, as demonstrated in several studies and recently further explored16. Better root development could explain the increased ...
Bacterial Flagella-Based Propulsion and On/Off Motion Control of
... over 6 seconds was 92 ± 35 µm . Firstly, this is largely due to the fact that the flagellar motors of the wild type bacteria used in the experiments demonstrated random run and tumble behavior which changes the magnitude of the net force and in turn the direction of motion9. Secondly, since the bea ...
... over 6 seconds was 92 ± 35 µm . Firstly, this is largely due to the fact that the flagellar motors of the wild type bacteria used in the experiments demonstrated random run and tumble behavior which changes the magnitude of the net force and in turn the direction of motion9. Secondly, since the bea ...
actionbioscience.org lesson Bacteria: Friend or Foe? (January 2003)
... 6. What are some examples of how we use bacteria for commercial purposes? 7. Where on the earth do bacteria live? Extension Questions: 1. Wassenaar mentions that antimicrobial agents are added to a wide variety of commercial products (soaps, plastics, etc.). Besides bacteria, what other kinds of mic ...
... 6. What are some examples of how we use bacteria for commercial purposes? 7. Where on the earth do bacteria live? Extension Questions: 1. Wassenaar mentions that antimicrobial agents are added to a wide variety of commercial products (soaps, plastics, etc.). Besides bacteria, what other kinds of mic ...
BAYESIAN PROKARYOTE CLASSIFICATION FROM
... Bacteria, which are prokaryotic microorganisms, are the most abundant and simplest organisms in the world as we know it. Prokaryotes do not possess a nucleus and complex organelles. Because most prokaryotes range in size less than ten micrometers (µm), microscopes are used to study bacteria. Bacteri ...
... Bacteria, which are prokaryotic microorganisms, are the most abundant and simplest organisms in the world as we know it. Prokaryotes do not possess a nucleus and complex organelles. Because most prokaryotes range in size less than ten micrometers (µm), microscopes are used to study bacteria. Bacteri ...
a19 EvoMicroLife
... • Algae (Plant-like Protists) – Subdivided into unicellular and multicellular – Unicellular algaes (often found in plankton) ...
... • Algae (Plant-like Protists) – Subdivided into unicellular and multicellular – Unicellular algaes (often found in plankton) ...
Physiological and Molecular Characterization of a Newly Identified
... appears to be more diverse. It has been found to be associated with H. megidis, H. zealandica, H. marelatus, and H. downesi [12]. P. temperata has also been observed to be harbored by H. bacteriophora [4]. According to Boemare et al. [7], these reports do not modify the wellestablished concept of a ...
... appears to be more diverse. It has been found to be associated with H. megidis, H. zealandica, H. marelatus, and H. downesi [12]. P. temperata has also been observed to be harbored by H. bacteriophora [4]. According to Boemare et al. [7], these reports do not modify the wellestablished concept of a ...
Unknown Bi 324 lab T / R 8pm Evaluation and Conclusion The
... red pigment when grown at room temperature. It is interesting to note that there was little to no pigmentation when the plated bacteria were incubated at 37C. Varying pigmentation depending on growth temperatures for serratia marcescens is supported by the literature. While testing to determine whi ...
... red pigment when grown at room temperature. It is interesting to note that there was little to no pigmentation when the plated bacteria were incubated at 37C. Varying pigmentation depending on growth temperatures for serratia marcescens is supported by the literature. While testing to determine whi ...
Basic Microbiology and Immunology (MICRO 402)
... explained, and the mystery remained until the latter part of the 19th century when Louis Pasteur introduced his germ theory in 1876 and identified a number of microbes and their functions. Before that period, much has been written about the nature of disease and the spontaneous generation of living ...
... explained, and the mystery remained until the latter part of the 19th century when Louis Pasteur introduced his germ theory in 1876 and identified a number of microbes and their functions. Before that period, much has been written about the nature of disease and the spontaneous generation of living ...
Slide 1
... A superbug is a term used to describe a strain of bacteria that is resistant to most prescribed antibiotics. These emerging strains of bacteria can be pretty frightening, since treatments for infection are usually very limited. The following are examples of several super bugs already know to exist. ...
... A superbug is a term used to describe a strain of bacteria that is resistant to most prescribed antibiotics. These emerging strains of bacteria can be pretty frightening, since treatments for infection are usually very limited. The following are examples of several super bugs already know to exist. ...
Bacteria Bafflement
... 3. Graph: Make a line graph of the data above. Label the y-axis “Number of Bacteria” and number each line by 500’s. Label the x-axis “Time” and label each line with the times from the table. ...
... 3. Graph: Make a line graph of the data above. Label the y-axis “Number of Bacteria” and number each line by 500’s. Label the x-axis “Time” and label each line with the times from the table. ...
Hygiene_sciences 39
... E. coli cells take up more, and Staphylococcus aureus cells less, GTA than B. Subtilis vegetative cells. B. subtilis spores take up considerably more chlorine (from sodium dichloroisocyanurate, NaDCC) and at a much more rapid rate than iodine (from Lugol's iodine). Chlorine is also a much more effec ...
... E. coli cells take up more, and Staphylococcus aureus cells less, GTA than B. Subtilis vegetative cells. B. subtilis spores take up considerably more chlorine (from sodium dichloroisocyanurate, NaDCC) and at a much more rapid rate than iodine (from Lugol's iodine). Chlorine is also a much more effec ...
Influence of bacteria on silver dissolution from silver
... from the surface by Ag complex formations. Furthermore the silver resistant strain utilises effects like silver binding proteins and efflux pumps, which may possibly affect the silver dissolution rate [16, 17]. In Fig. 1 (b), the rate of Ag dissolution was observed not to increase proportionally wit ...
... from the surface by Ag complex formations. Furthermore the silver resistant strain utilises effects like silver binding proteins and efflux pumps, which may possibly affect the silver dissolution rate [16, 17]. In Fig. 1 (b), the rate of Ag dissolution was observed not to increase proportionally wit ...
Bacteriophage functional genomics and its role in
... Bacteriophages, especially those featuring a temperate lifestyle, are also the major driving force of horizontal gene exchange and bacterial evolution [29–31]. Many bacterial genomes carry either complete and fully functional prophages or defective remnants of prophages indicative of prior infection ...
... Bacteriophages, especially those featuring a temperate lifestyle, are also the major driving force of horizontal gene exchange and bacterial evolution [29–31]. Many bacterial genomes carry either complete and fully functional prophages or defective remnants of prophages indicative of prior infection ...
Viruses and Prokaryotes
... have genes and can reproduce. Unlike cells, however, viruses cannot reproduce on their own. Instead, they need living cells to help them reproduce and make proteins. Viruses are also much smaller than most cells, as you can see in FIGURE 1.2. While viruses have key traits similar to living cells, th ...
... have genes and can reproduce. Unlike cells, however, viruses cannot reproduce on their own. Instead, they need living cells to help them reproduce and make proteins. Viruses are also much smaller than most cells, as you can see in FIGURE 1.2. While viruses have key traits similar to living cells, th ...
Final Platform Presentation
... • If an actual experiment tested this, will there actually be no or almost no bacteria on an item after being treated with Lysol? • Other similar studies had been performed and results differed. • The results differed due to substrate and disinfectant used. • This prompted my curiosity of Lysol and ...
... • If an actual experiment tested this, will there actually be no or almost no bacteria on an item after being treated with Lysol? • Other similar studies had been performed and results differed. • The results differed due to substrate and disinfectant used. • This prompted my curiosity of Lysol and ...
The Human Cell as an Environment for Horizontal Gene Transfer
... every biological kingdom. As such, conjugative mechanisms of DNA transfer are necessary for a host of spectacular phenotypes such as symbiosis, virulence and antibiotic resistance. The conjugative mechanism is also related to the means of translocating and transferring proteins from bacteria to othe ...
... every biological kingdom. As such, conjugative mechanisms of DNA transfer are necessary for a host of spectacular phenotypes such as symbiosis, virulence and antibiotic resistance. The conjugative mechanism is also related to the means of translocating and transferring proteins from bacteria to othe ...
Isolation of DNA sequences on human chromosome 21
... B88) also cross-hybridized to mouse DNA, making it a likely candidate for expressed genomic sequences (Kunkel et al. 1983). Of the 49 inserts 21 were not chromosome 21 specific. A n example of this is shown in Fig. 2B. This probe hybridized to M D l l D N A (46,XY) but not to WA17 D N A (mouse plus ...
... B88) also cross-hybridized to mouse DNA, making it a likely candidate for expressed genomic sequences (Kunkel et al. 1983). Of the 49 inserts 21 were not chromosome 21 specific. A n example of this is shown in Fig. 2B. This probe hybridized to M D l l D N A (46,XY) but not to WA17 D N A (mouse plus ...
Microbial Detection and Elimination
... includes Internal Control DNA (as negative control and for verifying a successful PCR run) as well as Positive Control DNA. All components come optimally premixed and lyophilized in PCR tubes. After reconstitution with Reaction Buffer, the sample is added to this master mix and the PCR can be sta ...
... includes Internal Control DNA (as negative control and for verifying a successful PCR run) as well as Positive Control DNA. All components come optimally premixed and lyophilized in PCR tubes. After reconstitution with Reaction Buffer, the sample is added to this master mix and the PCR can be sta ...
Horizontal gene transfer
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Horizontal-gene-transfer.jpg?width=300)
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) refers to the transfer of genes between organisms in a manner other than traditional reproduction. Also termed lateral gene transfer (LGT), it contrasts with vertical transfer, the transmission of genes from the parental generation to offspring via sexual or asexual reproduction. HGT has been shown to be an important factor in the evolution of many organisms.Horizontal gene transfer is the primary reason for bacterial antibiotic resistance, and plays an important role in the evolution of bacteria that can degrade novel compounds such as human-created pesticides and in the evolution, maintenance, and transmission of virulence. This horizontal gene transfer often involves temperate bacteriophages and plasmids. Genes that are responsible for antibiotic resistance in one species of bacteria can be transferred to another species of bacteria through various mechanisms (e.g., via F-pilus), subsequently arming the antibiotic resistant genes' recipient against antibiotics, which is becoming a medical challenge to deal with.Most thinking in genetics has focused upon vertical transfer, but there is a growing awareness that horizontal gene transfer is a highly significant phenomenon and among single-celled organisms perhaps the dominant form of genetic transfer.Artificial horizontal gene transfer is a form of genetic engineering.