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Global irrational antibiotics/antibacterial drugs use: A current and
... Antibiotics/antibacterial drugs have long been used in treatment and controlling of bacterial diseases in humans, animals and plants [3]. In animals, they are added to feeds to enhance the growth and prevent opportunistic infections caused by stress due to overcrowding of animals [3, 15]. In food in ...
... Antibiotics/antibacterial drugs have long been used in treatment and controlling of bacterial diseases in humans, animals and plants [3]. In animals, they are added to feeds to enhance the growth and prevent opportunistic infections caused by stress due to overcrowding of animals [3, 15]. In food in ...
Survival of bacteria on wood and plastic particles: Dependence on
... hygienic and cleaner than those made of natural materials such as wood. In contrast, wood is well-known as a porous material that can absorb and retain bacteria, and thus it is regarded as impossible to be kept completely clean and decontaminated. Numerous scientific studies have evaluated the hygie ...
... hygienic and cleaner than those made of natural materials such as wood. In contrast, wood is well-known as a porous material that can absorb and retain bacteria, and thus it is regarded as impossible to be kept completely clean and decontaminated. Numerous scientific studies have evaluated the hygie ...
Evolution of parasitism and mutualism between filamentous
... parasitism depends on the ecology of the system and on the genetic and physiological constraints of the organisms involved. Theory often predicts that greater reliance on horizontal transmission favors increased costs of infection and may result in more virulent parasites or less beneficial mutualis ...
... parasitism depends on the ecology of the system and on the genetic and physiological constraints of the organisms involved. Theory often predicts that greater reliance on horizontal transmission favors increased costs of infection and may result in more virulent parasites or less beneficial mutualis ...
Antibiotic Resistance in Wastewater
... pollutants have largely been overlooked. This is probably due to the fact that antibiotics in non-clinical settings are generally found in concentrations well below those used therapeutically (77;81;140). However, even low levels can sustain and/or favour development and spread of antibiotic resista ...
... pollutants have largely been overlooked. This is probably due to the fact that antibiotics in non-clinical settings are generally found in concentrations well below those used therapeutically (77;81;140). However, even low levels can sustain and/or favour development and spread of antibiotic resista ...
Vol. 14 No. 11 - Beneficial Bacteria
... the growth of infectious organisms. Friendly bacteria even produce chemicals that are deadly to harmful forms of bacteria, so they act as natural antibiotic agents against harmful bacteria. Another benefit of friendly bacteria is that they have a stimulating effect on the body’s immune system. For i ...
... the growth of infectious organisms. Friendly bacteria even produce chemicals that are deadly to harmful forms of bacteria, so they act as natural antibiotic agents against harmful bacteria. Another benefit of friendly bacteria is that they have a stimulating effect on the body’s immune system. For i ...
Comparative Analyses of Fundamental Differences in
... and classified into protein families based on the transporter classification system. Organisms with larger genome sizes generally possessed a relatively greater number of transport systems. In prokaryotes and unicellular eukaryotes, the significant factor in the increase in transporter content with ...
... and classified into protein families based on the transporter classification system. Organisms with larger genome sizes generally possessed a relatively greater number of transport systems. In prokaryotes and unicellular eukaryotes, the significant factor in the increase in transporter content with ...
Comparative Analyses of Fundamental Differences in Membrane
... generally possessed a relatively greater number of transport systems. In prokaryotes and unicellular eukaryotes, the significant factor in the increase in transporter content with genome size was a greater diversity of transporter types. In contrast, in multicellular eukaryotes, greater number of pa ...
... generally possessed a relatively greater number of transport systems. In prokaryotes and unicellular eukaryotes, the significant factor in the increase in transporter content with genome size was a greater diversity of transporter types. In contrast, in multicellular eukaryotes, greater number of pa ...
Effective mechanical sample lysis for reliable pathogen identification Application Note
... Microbial DNA can be purified from various sample materials such as whole blood swabs, cultures, and body fluids. Since a high yield of microbial genomic DNA is crucial for reliable pathogen identification, thorough sample lysis prior to DNA extraction is of critical importance. Different sample pre ...
... Microbial DNA can be purified from various sample materials such as whole blood swabs, cultures, and body fluids. Since a high yield of microbial genomic DNA is crucial for reliable pathogen identification, thorough sample lysis prior to DNA extraction is of critical importance. Different sample pre ...
Fundamentals of Microbiology - Bharathiar University(Older Version
... Viruses are not usually classified into conventional taxonomic groups but are usually grouped according to such properties as size, the type of nucleic acid they contain, the structure of the capsid and the number of protein subunits in it, host species, and immunological characteristics. It also me ...
... Viruses are not usually classified into conventional taxonomic groups but are usually grouped according to such properties as size, the type of nucleic acid they contain, the structure of the capsid and the number of protein subunits in it, host species, and immunological characteristics. It also me ...
Quaternary ammonium compounds in cosmetic products Risk
... the skin, mouth and gastrointestinal tract and the upper respiratory tract. The normal flora contains numerous bacterial species, and numerous strains within each species. Although it may contain pathogens, the vast majority are commensals that contribute to general health as well as to resistance t ...
... the skin, mouth and gastrointestinal tract and the upper respiratory tract. The normal flora contains numerous bacterial species, and numerous strains within each species. Although it may contain pathogens, the vast majority are commensals that contribute to general health as well as to resistance t ...
Staphylococcus aureus gene expression in a rat model of infective endocarditis
... methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) often requires the use of expensive or less effective antibiotics. Risk factors for endocarditis include injection drug use, prosthetic heart valves, structural heart defects, and comorbidities, such as diabetes [2,4,5]. Among patients with endocarditis, S. aur ...
... methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) often requires the use of expensive or less effective antibiotics. Risk factors for endocarditis include injection drug use, prosthetic heart valves, structural heart defects, and comorbidities, such as diabetes [2,4,5]. Among patients with endocarditis, S. aur ...
ชื่อเรื่องภาษาไทย (Angsana New 16 pt, bold)
... pathogen causing healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) infections. However, during the past 20 years, distinct community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) infections affecting healthy persons have emerged (1-3). Moreover, antimicrobial resistance among these drug resistant S. aureus is steadily increasing as ...
... pathogen causing healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) infections. However, during the past 20 years, distinct community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) infections affecting healthy persons have emerged (1-3). Moreover, antimicrobial resistance among these drug resistant S. aureus is steadily increasing as ...
Penicillins
... Some cross-sensitivity between cephalosporins and penicillins exist - so may see allergy to both ...
... Some cross-sensitivity between cephalosporins and penicillins exist - so may see allergy to both ...
File - SCIENTIST CINDY
... breaking down complex organic compounds that they must take in from the environment -- this includes saprobic bacteria found in decaying material, as well as those that rely on fermentation or respiration. The other group, the autotrophs, fix carbon dioxide to make their own food source; this may be ...
... breaking down complex organic compounds that they must take in from the environment -- this includes saprobic bacteria found in decaying material, as well as those that rely on fermentation or respiration. The other group, the autotrophs, fix carbon dioxide to make their own food source; this may be ...
European workshop on Phenotype MicroArrays
... welcome to everyone participating in the 3rd Florence Conference that will take place from Thursday afternoon until Saturday lunchtime (September 1012, 2015). The title of this year’s event “Florence Conference on Phenotype MicroArray Analysis of Cells” reflects our aspiration to provide an opportun ...
... welcome to everyone participating in the 3rd Florence Conference that will take place from Thursday afternoon until Saturday lunchtime (September 1012, 2015). The title of this year’s event “Florence Conference on Phenotype MicroArray Analysis of Cells” reflects our aspiration to provide an opportun ...
2‐1 GENOMIC ANALYSIS REVEALS MULTIPLE [FeFe
... complex, comprising a matrix of microenvironments characterized by different concentrations of hydrogen (12, 13, 18, 33, 34, 56). The importance of hydrogen to the termite gut is further highlighted by the abundance of H domain containing [FeFe] hydrogenase-like proteins that were revealed in an ana ...
... complex, comprising a matrix of microenvironments characterized by different concentrations of hydrogen (12, 13, 18, 33, 34, 56). The importance of hydrogen to the termite gut is further highlighted by the abundance of H domain containing [FeFe] hydrogenase-like proteins that were revealed in an ana ...
The Effects of Flooding on the Microbial Communities of Sparrow
... Eggshell Bacterial Communities The avian egg is one example of a host affected by pathogenic microbial environments. Shortly after laying, eggshells become exposed to environmental microbes. These microbes can multiply rapidly and penetrate through the shell pores (Cook et al., 2005). The pores are ...
... Eggshell Bacterial Communities The avian egg is one example of a host affected by pathogenic microbial environments. Shortly after laying, eggshells become exposed to environmental microbes. These microbes can multiply rapidly and penetrate through the shell pores (Cook et al., 2005). The pores are ...
BugBase Predicts Organism Level Microbiome Phenotypes
... For 16S or other amplicon data, precalculated files that specify the predicted gene content or empirical trait associations for each OTU were generated using PICRUSt (Figure 1). Given a user’s OTU table, BugBase first normalizes the OTU by predicted 16S copy-number, and then predicts microbiome phen ...
... For 16S or other amplicon data, precalculated files that specify the predicted gene content or empirical trait associations for each OTU were generated using PICRUSt (Figure 1). Given a user’s OTU table, BugBase first normalizes the OTU by predicted 16S copy-number, and then predicts microbiome phen ...
Antibiotic resistance: an overview of mechanisms and
... nounced in Gram-negative bacteria, whose outer membrane provides an effective barrier and constitutes a firstline defence against antimicrobial challenge. Gram-positive organisms lack the outer membrane and hence lack this front-line defence. This is perhaps one of the reasons for their high sensiti ...
... nounced in Gram-negative bacteria, whose outer membrane provides an effective barrier and constitutes a firstline defence against antimicrobial challenge. Gram-positive organisms lack the outer membrane and hence lack this front-line defence. This is perhaps one of the reasons for their high sensiti ...
Antimicrobial resistance
... – a resistance gene located on a transposon or a plasmid can be transmitted horizontally, independently from the spread of the resistant clone. Moreover, the horizontal transmission may occur between different bacterial species. Concomitantly or independently to the expansion of the resistant bacter ...
... – a resistance gene located on a transposon or a plasmid can be transmitted horizontally, independently from the spread of the resistant clone. Moreover, the horizontal transmission may occur between different bacterial species. Concomitantly or independently to the expansion of the resistant bacter ...
Effectors-Role in Host-Pathogen Interaction
... This dual activity of effectors has been broadly reported in many plant-microbe pathosystems (Alfano and Collmer, 2004). The term effector is neutral and does not imply a negative or positive impact on the outcome of the disease interaction. Effectors are secreted from pathogens' secretion systems. ...
... This dual activity of effectors has been broadly reported in many plant-microbe pathosystems (Alfano and Collmer, 2004). The term effector is neutral and does not imply a negative or positive impact on the outcome of the disease interaction. Effectors are secreted from pathogens' secretion systems. ...
Preliminary Examination of the Bacterial Diversity
... either help to support human life or they compete with humans for food, space, and natural resources. One of the major groups of arthropods is insects. Examples of insects that can have a dramatic impact on humans include mosquitoes, lice, flies, and cockroaches. Another important aspect of the rela ...
... either help to support human life or they compete with humans for food, space, and natural resources. One of the major groups of arthropods is insects. Examples of insects that can have a dramatic impact on humans include mosquitoes, lice, flies, and cockroaches. Another important aspect of the rela ...
2. Bacteria and archaea are the two main branches of prokaryote
... fibers in the nucleoid region. • The mass of fibers is actually the single prokaryotic chromosome, a double-stranded DNA molecule in the form of a ring. • There is very little protein associated with the DNA. ...
... fibers in the nucleoid region. • The mass of fibers is actually the single prokaryotic chromosome, a double-stranded DNA molecule in the form of a ring. • There is very little protein associated with the DNA. ...
Biological Design Principles for Synthetic Biology
... clues to the processes that led to the abiotic origin of life. For researchers designing novel protein folds and functions, the diversity of proteins that exist in nature can seem remarkably limited. Of the 20100 possible 100 amino acid sequences, only a small fraction are ever found in cells, and a ...
... clues to the processes that led to the abiotic origin of life. For researchers designing novel protein folds and functions, the diversity of proteins that exist in nature can seem remarkably limited. Of the 20100 possible 100 amino acid sequences, only a small fraction are ever found in cells, and a ...
Horizontal gene transfer
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Horizontal-gene-transfer.jpg?width=300)
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) refers to the transfer of genes between organisms in a manner other than traditional reproduction. Also termed lateral gene transfer (LGT), it contrasts with vertical transfer, the transmission of genes from the parental generation to offspring via sexual or asexual reproduction. HGT has been shown to be an important factor in the evolution of many organisms.Horizontal gene transfer is the primary reason for bacterial antibiotic resistance, and plays an important role in the evolution of bacteria that can degrade novel compounds such as human-created pesticides and in the evolution, maintenance, and transmission of virulence. This horizontal gene transfer often involves temperate bacteriophages and plasmids. Genes that are responsible for antibiotic resistance in one species of bacteria can be transferred to another species of bacteria through various mechanisms (e.g., via F-pilus), subsequently arming the antibiotic resistant genes' recipient against antibiotics, which is becoming a medical challenge to deal with.Most thinking in genetics has focused upon vertical transfer, but there is a growing awareness that horizontal gene transfer is a highly significant phenomenon and among single-celled organisms perhaps the dominant form of genetic transfer.Artificial horizontal gene transfer is a form of genetic engineering.