• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Objectives 13
Objectives 13

... of T cells • T cell growth is stimulated by the protein displayed on the surface of the macrophage. • Some become active killers others become memory T cells. ...
Powerpoint Presentation: The Monoclonal Antibodies
Powerpoint Presentation: The Monoclonal Antibodies

... • Developing specific antibodies would be useful in fighting particular diseases • Diagnosing infections • Identifying molecules with antigenic properties. ...
RBI-205 LECTURE STUDY NOTES BLOOD VI. IMMUNITY A. 1
RBI-205 LECTURE STUDY NOTES BLOOD VI. IMMUNITY A. 1

... Concepts—any normal proteins of the body are termed self. Any substance foreign to an individual's body is called an antigen (non-self). Antigens are usually proteins, but can be carbohydrate or a proteincarbohydrate combination (e.g. glycoprotein). Antigens are immunogenic, meaning their presence i ...
3 Treating disease
3 Treating disease

... Polyclonal antibodies are naturally produced in an immune response. Different plasma cells secrete antibodies, resulting in a variety of different antibodies against a specific antigen. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are antibodies produced from clones of a single plasma cell and are therefore all ide ...
Monoclonal Antibodies
Monoclonal Antibodies

... produced.  Clones of one type of immune cell.Typical production: Monoclonal antibodies = Tumour (cancer) cells + antigen immunized mouse spleen cells.  Monoclonal antibodies can be used for diagnostic tests, treatment and research. ...
Kuby Immunology 6/e - Dr. Jennifer Capers, PhD
Kuby Immunology 6/e - Dr. Jennifer Capers, PhD

... one species to another  Allotypic – differences (alleles) that occur in some individuals  Idiotypic – differences in variable regions; will differ even on Abs of same isotype ...
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Systemic lupus erythematosus

... Immune system dysfunction The disease is characterised by the production of ‘self’ (auto) antibodies (directed against nuclear ‘self’ (auto) antigens), inflammation and organ damage. The presence of antinuclear antibodies has been detected in the serum of a majority of patients before the onset of c ...
Document
Document

... reactivities toward a broad diversity of pathogens. Therapies created from pooled plasma poses a risk of pathogen contaminants. To minimize this risk, IVIG is extensively treated (solvents, detergents) to inactivate potential pathogens. Also tends to suppress autoimmune disorders??! -- role of carbo ...
PowerPoint Presentation - I. Introduction to class
PowerPoint Presentation - I. Introduction to class

... ACTIVITY OF OTHER CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM. • DEFENSE AGAINST: • BACTERIA AND VIRUSES THAT ARE INSIDE HOST CELLS AND ARE INACCESSIBLE TO ANTIBODIES. • FUNGI, PROTOZOA, AND WORMS ...
11/7/2011 1
11/7/2011 1

... Figure 2: A soldier receiving a smallpox vaccination ...
INMUNOLOGIA MOLECULAR
INMUNOLOGIA MOLECULAR

... Humanized Monoclonal Antibodies Mouse monoclonal antibodies have been genetically engineered to replace all of the antibody molecule with human counterparts except the hypervariable regions directly involved with antigen binding. Humanized monoclonal antibodies are currently be tested in human cl ...
Humoral Immunity Antibodies.
Humoral Immunity Antibodies.

... • The Antibodies from each plasma cell however are different or unique from all other antibodies produced by other plasma cell. ...
Immune System
Immune System

... Complement-help to kill pathogens ...
Biology 4 Matching Quiz Chapter 19 Match the following terms on
Biology 4 Matching Quiz Chapter 19 Match the following terms on

... Chapter 19 Match the following terms on the left to their descriptions on the right. 1. _______ hemoglobin ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034

... a) TAP b) Proteasome c) Molecular chaperones d) CLIP II. State true or false; if false, give reasons. ...
Review on Immunostimulatory monoclonal antibodies for cancer
Review on Immunostimulatory monoclonal antibodies for cancer

... Immunostimulatory monoclonal antibodies lead to development of immune-receptor molecules as new design for cancer therapy. These agents function on key receptors, either by antagonizing those that suppress immune responses or by triggering others that enhance immune responses. Complexities such as a ...
Chapter 17a
Chapter 17a

... • Innate (nonspecific) Defenses against any pathogen • Immunity Specific antibody and lymphocyte response to an antigen • Antigen (Ag) A substances that causes the body to produce specific antibodies or sensitized T cells ...
Ab to glomerular basement membrane
Ab to glomerular basement membrane

... Repeat Frequency ...
RH Factor
RH Factor

... • RH factor is inherited by a simple dominant and recessive relationship where: • R = RH positive (dominant) • r = RH negative (recessive) • Example: – What are the possible blood types (+ or -) of a father who is heterozygous for RH+ and a mother who is RH- ? ...
Antibodies - blobs.org
Antibodies - blobs.org

... Introduction The body has a number of ways of fighting off invaders like bacteria and viruses. Sometimes it uses chemicals that kill them off randomly. However, a really clever system has been designed to target them very specifically. Antibodies are the body’s clever labels for marking out these in ...
Eukaryotic Cell Structure Quiz #1
Eukaryotic Cell Structure Quiz #1

... proteins to do two jobs at once: blocking viruses and alerting the immune system that viruses are present. ...
Use of Bacteria in Antibody Production - BLI-Research-Synbio
Use of Bacteria in Antibody Production - BLI-Research-Synbio

... • There are many diseases in the world caused by pathogens that devastate many people each year, causing pain, financial loss, and death ...
14antibodies
14antibodies

... B.Antibody C.Killer T Cell D.Antigen binding site ...
Publication JournalArticle (Originalarbeit in einer wissenschaftlichen
Publication JournalArticle (Originalarbeit in einer wissenschaftlichen

... Four commonly used blocking agents, i.e., fetal calf serum, mammalian gelatin-Nonidet-P40, fish gelatinNonidet-P40, and defatted powdered milk were compared with respect to their efficiency to block the nonspecific background and to promote maximal immunoreactivity of monoclonal antibodies against h ...
Protection against Disease
Protection against Disease

... pathogens if they are immobilised in an AAC  The AAC also stimulates the activation of a number of plasma proteins. This leads to a substance called complement binding with the complex and destroying the pathogens by making cells rupture  Sometimes some of the proteins cover the outer membrane of ...
< 1 ... 60 61 62 63 64 >

Anti-nuclear antibody



Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some individuals, antibodies to human antigens are produced.There are many subtypes of ANAs such as anti-Ro antibodies, anti-La antibodies, anti-Sm antibodies, anti-nRNP antibodies, anti-Scl-70 antibodies, anti-dsDNA antibodies, anti-histone antibodies, antibodies to nuclear pore complexes, anti-centromere antibodies and anti-sp100 antibodies. Each of these antibody subtypes binds to different proteins or protein complexes within the nucleus. They are found in many disorders including autoimmunity, cancer and infection, with different prevalences of antibodies depending on the condition. This allows the use of ANAs in the diagnosis of some autoimmune disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, scleroderma, mixed connective tissue disease, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, autoimmune hepatitis and drug induced lupus.The ANA test detects the autoantibodies present in an individual's blood serum. The common tests used for detecting and quantifying ANAs are indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In immunofluorescence, the level of autoantibodies is reported as a titre. This is the highest dilution of the serum at which autoantibodies are still detectable. Positive autoantibody titres at a dilution equal to or greater than 1:160 are usually considered as clinically significant. Positive titres of less than 1:160 are present in up to 20% of the healthy population, especially the elderly. Although positive titres of 1:160 or higher are strongly associated with autoimmune disorders, they are also found in 5% of healthy individuals. Autoantibody screening is useful in the diagnosis of autoimmune disorders and monitoring levels helps to predict the progression of disease. A positive ANA test is seldom useful if other clinical or laboratory data supporting a diagnosis are not present.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report