Answer Key: Immune System (Grades 9 to 12)
... 14. Acquired immunodeficiencies can develop as a result of burns, malnutrition, or other medical problems; or if a person takes certain medicines or has a ...
... 14. Acquired immunodeficiencies can develop as a result of burns, malnutrition, or other medical problems; or if a person takes certain medicines or has a ...
Foundations in Microbiology
... – caused by: infection, organic disease, chemotherapy, or radiation – AIDS most common – T helper cells are targeted; numerous opportunistic infections and ...
... – caused by: infection, organic disease, chemotherapy, or radiation – AIDS most common – T helper cells are targeted; numerous opportunistic infections and ...
immunesystem
... Asthma - a respiratory disorder that can cause breathing problems, frequently involves an allergic response by the lungs. If the lungs are oversensitive to certain allergens (like pollen), it can trigger breathing tubes in the lungs to become narrowed, leading to reduced airflow and making it hard f ...
... Asthma - a respiratory disorder that can cause breathing problems, frequently involves an allergic response by the lungs. If the lungs are oversensitive to certain allergens (like pollen), it can trigger breathing tubes in the lungs to become narrowed, leading to reduced airflow and making it hard f ...
Immune System PowerPoint
... leak out of the blood vessels and into the tissues. The white blood cells fight the pathogens During an inflammatory response, the blood vessel get wider to increase the flow of blood to that area Because of the increase blood flow and the fluid leaking into the tissue, an inflamed area will look re ...
... leak out of the blood vessels and into the tissues. The white blood cells fight the pathogens During an inflammatory response, the blood vessel get wider to increase the flow of blood to that area Because of the increase blood flow and the fluid leaking into the tissue, an inflamed area will look re ...
Presentation
... Pathogens and Innate Immunity •Particular pathogens often have evolved ways to evade at least some elements of innate immunity •Highly successful pathogens may also have mechanisms for evading adaptive immunity •On the pathogen side, molecules the pathogen uses to evade immunity are among the “viru ...
... Pathogens and Innate Immunity •Particular pathogens often have evolved ways to evade at least some elements of innate immunity •Highly successful pathogens may also have mechanisms for evading adaptive immunity •On the pathogen side, molecules the pathogen uses to evade immunity are among the “viru ...
Immunological Memory
... 5. How long is the latent period for this infection? 6. Explain this delay in production of antibodies. 7. The person was infected with the same antigen at 4 weeks. Use an arrow to mark on the graph the time of the second infection. 8. The person does not suffer any symptoms from the second infectio ...
... 5. How long is the latent period for this infection? 6. Explain this delay in production of antibodies. 7. The person was infected with the same antigen at 4 weeks. Use an arrow to mark on the graph the time of the second infection. 8. The person does not suffer any symptoms from the second infectio ...
21_22_Tumor_immunology_immunotherapy
... class I molecules are not seen on the tumor mass but are restricted to lymphocytes infiltrating the tumor and tissue stromal cells. ...
... class I molecules are not seen on the tumor mass but are restricted to lymphocytes infiltrating the tumor and tissue stromal cells. ...
B. Cell-Mediated Immunity
... 4. secondary response – faster, stronger, primarily IgG; produced by memory cells F. Apoptosis – programmed cell death 1. each day - ~ 100 million lymphocytes made, and same number must die 2. a genetic program turns on in each cell which causes the cell to digest many of its own structures, then si ...
... 4. secondary response – faster, stronger, primarily IgG; produced by memory cells F. Apoptosis – programmed cell death 1. each day - ~ 100 million lymphocytes made, and same number must die 2. a genetic program turns on in each cell which causes the cell to digest many of its own structures, then si ...
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY
... enough to stop viruses, bacteria, and fungi. If this is not enough, the 3rd line must act ...
... enough to stop viruses, bacteria, and fungi. If this is not enough, the 3rd line must act ...
Specific Defense and Immunology 1. Define: Adaptive or Acquired
... that is developed as a result of previous exposure to a pathogen or foreign agent. It involves WBCs called lymphocytes (B-cells and T-cells), and the production of antibodies and cytokines. The functions of adaptive or acquired immunity are to recognize “self” VS “nonself”, eliminate specific pathog ...
... that is developed as a result of previous exposure to a pathogen or foreign agent. It involves WBCs called lymphocytes (B-cells and T-cells), and the production of antibodies and cytokines. The functions of adaptive or acquired immunity are to recognize “self” VS “nonself”, eliminate specific pathog ...
Gender differences wrt immune responses
... • estrogen is capable of triggering SLE-like autoimmunity (mice) • Additionally, androgens such as testosterone clearly play an important role in some autoimmune diseases • Female NOD mice are much more susceptible to spontaneous ...
... • estrogen is capable of triggering SLE-like autoimmunity (mice) • Additionally, androgens such as testosterone clearly play an important role in some autoimmune diseases • Female NOD mice are much more susceptible to spontaneous ...
Monoclonal Antibodies An antibody An immunoglobulin synthesized
... One approach to overcome these problems has been to cleave the antibody (e.g., by papain digestion) into its respective Fc and Fab fragments ...
... One approach to overcome these problems has been to cleave the antibody (e.g., by papain digestion) into its respective Fc and Fab fragments ...
Type I hypersensitivity
... Table 18.2 - Transfusion reactions IgM antibodies cause a Type II hypersensitivity reaction Foreign erythrocytes are agglutinated by recipients antibodies complement is activated red blood cells are lysed ...
... Table 18.2 - Transfusion reactions IgM antibodies cause a Type II hypersensitivity reaction Foreign erythrocytes are agglutinated by recipients antibodies complement is activated red blood cells are lysed ...
Strive for Five- Ch 31 Concept 31.1 Identify each of these examples
... 10. Suppose that you were exposed to a newly synthesized “artificial” bacterium. After exposure, all signs of the bacterium from your body were gone within 24 hours. Assume further that this bacterium is novel enough that it does not share chemical identity signals with other bacteria. Decide if you ...
... 10. Suppose that you were exposed to a newly synthesized “artificial” bacterium. After exposure, all signs of the bacterium from your body were gone within 24 hours. Assume further that this bacterium is novel enough that it does not share chemical identity signals with other bacteria. Decide if you ...
Symbiosis and Host Defenses
... • Specific immunity can be divided into two branches – Humoral immunity- antibodies produced by B cells – Cell-mediated immunity- T cells recognized invaders and stimulate defense mechanisms • Antigen any molecule that generates an immune response (antibody generating) • Antibody- a protein that can ...
... • Specific immunity can be divided into two branches – Humoral immunity- antibodies produced by B cells – Cell-mediated immunity- T cells recognized invaders and stimulate defense mechanisms • Antigen any molecule that generates an immune response (antibody generating) • Antibody- a protein that can ...
AntibodyNoTP
... have to understand and control the immunogenicity of the antibodies, or they will generate damaging and dangerous allergic responses, and be cleared from the patient and would be ineffective at best. Antibodies are not cells, so they don’t have transplantation antigens and they don’t have to be hist ...
... have to understand and control the immunogenicity of the antibodies, or they will generate damaging and dangerous allergic responses, and be cleared from the patient and would be ineffective at best. Antibodies are not cells, so they don’t have transplantation antigens and they don’t have to be hist ...
Tolerance, Immune Regulation, and Autoimmunity
... Bovine myelin basic protein in MS Type II collagen in RA Retinal S-antigen in posterior uveitis Insulin in type I diabetes mellitus Oral feeding of HLA molecules to prevent graft rejection Crohn’s and Ulcerative Colitis patients may have deficient oral tolerance mechanisms. ...
... Bovine myelin basic protein in MS Type II collagen in RA Retinal S-antigen in posterior uveitis Insulin in type I diabetes mellitus Oral feeding of HLA molecules to prevent graft rejection Crohn’s and Ulcerative Colitis patients may have deficient oral tolerance mechanisms. ...
SBI 3CW - TeacherWeb
... Viruses True or False 1. Viruses are not living organisms. 2. Viruses do not contain DNA or RNA. 3. Viruses do not contain a cell membrane, nucleus, or cytoplasm. 4. Viruses are destroyed by antibiotics. 5. The genetic material from viruses can direct the host cell to produce new viruses. Multiple C ...
... Viruses True or False 1. Viruses are not living organisms. 2. Viruses do not contain DNA or RNA. 3. Viruses do not contain a cell membrane, nucleus, or cytoplasm. 4. Viruses are destroyed by antibiotics. 5. The genetic material from viruses can direct the host cell to produce new viruses. Multiple C ...
Disorders of the Immune System and Vaccination
... allergies, they are an intolerance. This is referring to items that cause gastrointestinal responses, such as gas or bloating or cramping.) • The release of chemicals caused by systemic allergens cause a drop in blood pressure (shock) and difficulty in breathing. • This can be fatal within minutes. ...
... allergies, they are an intolerance. This is referring to items that cause gastrointestinal responses, such as gas or bloating or cramping.) • The release of chemicals caused by systemic allergens cause a drop in blood pressure (shock) and difficulty in breathing. • This can be fatal within minutes. ...
Immunity & Abnormal Responses
... – Those proteins made by the cell that are incorporated into the cell membrane & hold or present foreign antigenic material that has gotten into the cell – These are usually glycoproteins & everybody has different ones • Controlled by genes on chromosome 6 in region called MHC » MHC = major histocom ...
... – Those proteins made by the cell that are incorporated into the cell membrane & hold or present foreign antigenic material that has gotten into the cell – These are usually glycoproteins & everybody has different ones • Controlled by genes on chromosome 6 in region called MHC » MHC = major histocom ...
Lines of Defense and Immunity
... chains & 250 for the variable region and diversity region of the heavy chain During development, genetic recombination causes only the selected V and D genes to be active in the mature cell. ...
... chains & 250 for the variable region and diversity region of the heavy chain During development, genetic recombination causes only the selected V and D genes to be active in the mature cell. ...
ANTIGEN – ANTIBODY REACTIONS
... has a longer wavelength, and therefore lower energy, than has absorbed radiation. This technique is primarily used for detection of antigens on the cell surface (or sometimes inside the cell), but can also be used for antibody detection (both in serum and bound to cells of different tissue as occurs ...
... has a longer wavelength, and therefore lower energy, than has absorbed radiation. This technique is primarily used for detection of antigens on the cell surface (or sometimes inside the cell), but can also be used for antibody detection (both in serum and bound to cells of different tissue as occurs ...
Giladi N.Antibodies and hybridomas
... heavy chains, which are linked by disulfide bonds. •Each heavy chain has an amino-terminal variable region followed by a constant region..In any given antibody molecule, the constant region contains one of five basic heavy-chain sequences (m,d ,a ,e , or c) called isotypes and one of two basic light ...
... heavy chains, which are linked by disulfide bonds. •Each heavy chain has an amino-terminal variable region followed by a constant region..In any given antibody molecule, the constant region contains one of five basic heavy-chain sequences (m,d ,a ,e , or c) called isotypes and one of two basic light ...
Anti-nuclear antibody
Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some individuals, antibodies to human antigens are produced.There are many subtypes of ANAs such as anti-Ro antibodies, anti-La antibodies, anti-Sm antibodies, anti-nRNP antibodies, anti-Scl-70 antibodies, anti-dsDNA antibodies, anti-histone antibodies, antibodies to nuclear pore complexes, anti-centromere antibodies and anti-sp100 antibodies. Each of these antibody subtypes binds to different proteins or protein complexes within the nucleus. They are found in many disorders including autoimmunity, cancer and infection, with different prevalences of antibodies depending on the condition. This allows the use of ANAs in the diagnosis of some autoimmune disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, scleroderma, mixed connective tissue disease, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, autoimmune hepatitis and drug induced lupus.The ANA test detects the autoantibodies present in an individual's blood serum. The common tests used for detecting and quantifying ANAs are indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In immunofluorescence, the level of autoantibodies is reported as a titre. This is the highest dilution of the serum at which autoantibodies are still detectable. Positive autoantibody titres at a dilution equal to or greater than 1:160 are usually considered as clinically significant. Positive titres of less than 1:160 are present in up to 20% of the healthy population, especially the elderly. Although positive titres of 1:160 or higher are strongly associated with autoimmune disorders, they are also found in 5% of healthy individuals. Autoantibody screening is useful in the diagnosis of autoimmune disorders and monitoring levels helps to predict the progression of disease. A positive ANA test is seldom useful if other clinical or laboratory data supporting a diagnosis are not present.