Lec.2 Dr.Maysem M.Alwash Hypersensitivity Reaction s (cont.)
... range from those in which specific immune responses are directed against one particular organ or cell type and result in localized tissue damage, ...
... range from those in which specific immune responses are directed against one particular organ or cell type and result in localized tissue damage, ...
Disease as a Failure of Homeostasis
... ATTACK the invader Some WBC’s SPECIFIC for this pathogen remain in the body for a long time to continue PROTECTION from future attacks. ...
... ATTACK the invader Some WBC’s SPECIFIC for this pathogen remain in the body for a long time to continue PROTECTION from future attacks. ...
Adverse Effects
... weeks to 3 or 4 months at most. It is mainly used as replacement therapy in individuals with primary immune deficiency diseases . Also, to manage some acute infections when active vaccination is inadequate Passive immunity is usually classified as natural or acquired. The transfer of maternal tetanu ...
... weeks to 3 or 4 months at most. It is mainly used as replacement therapy in individuals with primary immune deficiency diseases . Also, to manage some acute infections when active vaccination is inadequate Passive immunity is usually classified as natural or acquired. The transfer of maternal tetanu ...
1. Malar rash
... 3- nonspecific activation of T or B cells. 4- Autoantibodies to DNA, RNA:Circulating immune complexes (Ag &Ab complexes are frequently observed and these may deposit in the kidney, skin, brain, lung, and other tissues. It causes inflammation and tissue damage by a number of mechanisms, notably fixat ...
... 3- nonspecific activation of T or B cells. 4- Autoantibodies to DNA, RNA:Circulating immune complexes (Ag &Ab complexes are frequently observed and these may deposit in the kidney, skin, brain, lung, and other tissues. It causes inflammation and tissue damage by a number of mechanisms, notably fixat ...
Blood/Immunity Lab - University of Missouri
... antibodies to Type B antigens • Type B blood = has antibodies to Type A antigens • Type AB blood = doesn’t have antibodies to either Type A or B antigen (“universal recipient”) • Type O blood = has antibodies to both Type A & B antigens(“universal donor”) • If different blood types are mixed, antibo ...
... antibodies to Type B antigens • Type B blood = has antibodies to Type A antigens • Type AB blood = doesn’t have antibodies to either Type A or B antigen (“universal recipient”) • Type O blood = has antibodies to both Type A & B antigens(“universal donor”) • If different blood types are mixed, antibo ...
Immunity
... • Great number of antigens can be fought (mouse can form antibodies against 10 million different antigens!). • Each person has a large # of B lymphocytes, each only able to synthesize one type of antibody (on its surface). • When an antigen is introduced, only a small # of B-cells can bind to it and ...
... • Great number of antigens can be fought (mouse can form antibodies against 10 million different antigens!). • Each person has a large # of B lymphocytes, each only able to synthesize one type of antibody (on its surface). • When an antigen is introduced, only a small # of B-cells can bind to it and ...
The Immune Response - Point Pleasant Beach School District
... • Great number of antigens can be fought (mouse can form antibodies against 10 million different antigens!). • Each person has a large # of B lymphocytes, each only able to synthesize one type of antibody (on its surface). • When an antigen is introduced, only a small # of B-cells can bind to it and ...
... • Great number of antigens can be fought (mouse can form antibodies against 10 million different antigens!). • Each person has a large # of B lymphocytes, each only able to synthesize one type of antibody (on its surface). • When an antigen is introduced, only a small # of B-cells can bind to it and ...
Blood
... B) ABO Groups 1) determined by the presence or absence of antigens A & B a) Type A blood – has only antigen A b) Type B blood – has only antigen B c) Type AB blood – has antigens A & B d) Type O blood – has neither antigen 2) Blood also contain antibodies for the antigen(s) the RBC don’t have a) Typ ...
... B) ABO Groups 1) determined by the presence or absence of antigens A & B a) Type A blood – has only antigen A b) Type B blood – has only antigen B c) Type AB blood – has antigens A & B d) Type O blood – has neither antigen 2) Blood also contain antibodies for the antigen(s) the RBC don’t have a) Typ ...
Immunity and Disease
... • Molecules that are foreign to your body are called antigens. • When your body detects antigens, killer T cells are formed and they release enzymes that target antigens. Helper T cells are also released to stimulate antibody production. • Antibodies attack specific antigens. Some antigens have a me ...
... • Molecules that are foreign to your body are called antigens. • When your body detects antigens, killer T cells are formed and they release enzymes that target antigens. Helper T cells are also released to stimulate antibody production. • Antibodies attack specific antigens. Some antigens have a me ...
A110PD AFFINITY PURIFIED ANTIBODIES
... Rabbit, Bovine, and Horse and conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase. ...
... Rabbit, Bovine, and Horse and conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase. ...
11.4: Immunity Healing and Protection Against Disease Recall that
... Specific immune system- variety of cells that recognize foreign substances and act to neutralize or destroy them; develops over time in each individual depending upon which diseases a person is exposed to. 3. Third-line defense- activated when pathogen gets by first- and second-line defenses and in ...
... Specific immune system- variety of cells that recognize foreign substances and act to neutralize or destroy them; develops over time in each individual depending upon which diseases a person is exposed to. 3. Third-line defense- activated when pathogen gets by first- and second-line defenses and in ...
Immune System Reading and Questions
... There are nutritional things a person can do to help strengthen his/her immune system. Vitamins A, C, and E area collectively known as the anticancer vitamins. The immune system needs these plus minerals like zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) to do its job. Dark green leafy vegetables, especially cabbage ...
... There are nutritional things a person can do to help strengthen his/her immune system. Vitamins A, C, and E area collectively known as the anticancer vitamins. The immune system needs these plus minerals like zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) to do its job. Dark green leafy vegetables, especially cabbage ...
Lecture 2 - Autoimmune diseases
... Auto antibodies • The anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) test is the best screening test for SLE and is determined by immunofluorescence or ELISA tests • The ANA is positive in significant titer (usually 1:160 or higher) in virtually all patients with SLE ...
... Auto antibodies • The anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) test is the best screening test for SLE and is determined by immunofluorescence or ELISA tests • The ANA is positive in significant titer (usually 1:160 or higher) in virtually all patients with SLE ...
Immunity Answers
... What is meant by “herd immunity”? Herd immunity occurs when a large number of people are vaccinated at the same time. This prevents the pathogen from being transmitted within the population because there are no longer any host individuals who act as reservoirs of infection. ...
... What is meant by “herd immunity”? Herd immunity occurs when a large number of people are vaccinated at the same time. This prevents the pathogen from being transmitted within the population because there are no longer any host individuals who act as reservoirs of infection. ...
Immune System - T.R. Robinson High School
... B cells are activated to clone themselves by mitosis to make many more of themselves - (antibody-secreting plasma cells and memory cells) The newly formed ‘army’ begins antibody production Antibodies circulate in the blood until they find their antigen match Antibodies destroy the pathogens Some of ...
... B cells are activated to clone themselves by mitosis to make many more of themselves - (antibody-secreting plasma cells and memory cells) The newly formed ‘army’ begins antibody production Antibodies circulate in the blood until they find their antigen match Antibodies destroy the pathogens Some of ...
File - Pennington AP Biology
... Blood groups are classifications of blood according to the marker proteins on the surface of red blood cells. These marker proteins (antigens) determine the ability of red blood cells to provoke an immune response. Human red blood cells have more than 500 known antigens, but fewer than 30 antigens ( ...
... Blood groups are classifications of blood according to the marker proteins on the surface of red blood cells. These marker proteins (antigens) determine the ability of red blood cells to provoke an immune response. Human red blood cells have more than 500 known antigens, but fewer than 30 antigens ( ...
Chapter 14 Forensic Serology CHAPTER OVERVIEW • Serology
... Serology involves a broad scope of laboratory tests that use specific antigen and serum antibody reactions. ...
... Serology involves a broad scope of laboratory tests that use specific antigen and serum antibody reactions. ...
Document
... Active immunity = when your body make its own antibodies in response to an antigen Passive Immunity = when antibodies are introduced to your body. We call them antibiotics! They are produced in another animal. ...
... Active immunity = when your body make its own antibodies in response to an antigen Passive Immunity = when antibodies are introduced to your body. We call them antibiotics! They are produced in another animal. ...
Introduction to Immunity worksheet (LE)
... (1) From the word bank, assign each term to the immunity heading with which it is associated. Some terms may fit more than one category and should be placed in all categories that apply. antibodies in breast milk lymphocytes stomach acid, saliva, tears complement first line of defense ...
... (1) From the word bank, assign each term to the immunity heading with which it is associated. Some terms may fit more than one category and should be placed in all categories that apply. antibodies in breast milk lymphocytes stomach acid, saliva, tears complement first line of defense ...
Immune System
... body’s infected cells (microbes/cancer) by enzymes and/or chemicals that will cause leakage of target cells by creating pores in the cell membrane; clonal ...
... body’s infected cells (microbes/cancer) by enzymes and/or chemicals that will cause leakage of target cells by creating pores in the cell membrane; clonal ...
Chapter 3
... There are numerous varieties of ELISA assays. Another simple example is to have the serum on the plate and use biotinylated antigen at the second step. ELISA assays can be used to quantitate antigen using antibodies as well as the other way around. A sensitive variation is the capture ELISA for dete ...
... There are numerous varieties of ELISA assays. Another simple example is to have the serum on the plate and use biotinylated antigen at the second step. ELISA assays can be used to quantitate antigen using antibodies as well as the other way around. A sensitive variation is the capture ELISA for dete ...
AntibodyNoTP
... Antibodies as Antigens Why does this matters? If we want to use antibodies as therapeutic agents in patients, we have to understand and control the immunogenicity of the antibodies, or they will generate damaging and dangerous allergic responses, and be cleared from the patient and would be ineffec ...
... Antibodies as Antigens Why does this matters? If we want to use antibodies as therapeutic agents in patients, we have to understand and control the immunogenicity of the antibodies, or they will generate damaging and dangerous allergic responses, and be cleared from the patient and would be ineffec ...
To the principal Azra naheed Medical college Lahore
... . Examples : Hey fever, Asthma, Anaphylaxis ...
... . Examples : Hey fever, Asthma, Anaphylaxis ...
Anti-nuclear antibody
Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some individuals, antibodies to human antigens are produced.There are many subtypes of ANAs such as anti-Ro antibodies, anti-La antibodies, anti-Sm antibodies, anti-nRNP antibodies, anti-Scl-70 antibodies, anti-dsDNA antibodies, anti-histone antibodies, antibodies to nuclear pore complexes, anti-centromere antibodies and anti-sp100 antibodies. Each of these antibody subtypes binds to different proteins or protein complexes within the nucleus. They are found in many disorders including autoimmunity, cancer and infection, with different prevalences of antibodies depending on the condition. This allows the use of ANAs in the diagnosis of some autoimmune disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, scleroderma, mixed connective tissue disease, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, autoimmune hepatitis and drug induced lupus.The ANA test detects the autoantibodies present in an individual's blood serum. The common tests used for detecting and quantifying ANAs are indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In immunofluorescence, the level of autoantibodies is reported as a titre. This is the highest dilution of the serum at which autoantibodies are still detectable. Positive autoantibody titres at a dilution equal to or greater than 1:160 are usually considered as clinically significant. Positive titres of less than 1:160 are present in up to 20% of the healthy population, especially the elderly. Although positive titres of 1:160 or higher are strongly associated with autoimmune disorders, they are also found in 5% of healthy individuals. Autoantibody screening is useful in the diagnosis of autoimmune disorders and monitoring levels helps to predict the progression of disease. A positive ANA test is seldom useful if other clinical or laboratory data supporting a diagnosis are not present.