• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM CH 43
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM CH 43

... the production of antibodies against a specific antigen • Antigen: a specific molecule, usually a protein that is foreign to the organism (nonself) and stimulates the immune system to make antibodies • http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapt er22/animation__antigenic_dete ...
The Immune System
The Immune System

... • The immune system is able to distinguish between “self” molecules and “non-self” molecules. ...
helper T cells
helper T cells

... allows the body to recognize, remember, and respond to a specific stimulus, an antigen. Adaptive immunity can result in the elimination of microorganisms and recovery from disease and the host often acquires a specific immunologic memory. This condition of memory or recall (acquired resistance) allo ...
Immune System Definition
Immune System Definition

... • Antibody production by immune cells • Antibodies are made in response to an antigen (foreign proteins) found on a foreign substance or invading organism • T (from thymus) and B (from bone marrow) cells involved in antibody production • Certain T cells activate some B cells to produce antibodies • ...
Figure 14-10 - University of Belgrade
Figure 14-10 - University of Belgrade

... TUMOR ANTIGENS EFFECTOR MECHANISMS IN ANTITUMOR IMMUNITY MECHANISMS OF EVASION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM BY TUMORS TUMOR IMMUNOTHERAPY ...
Immunology - Biology - Missouri State University
Immunology - Biology - Missouri State University

... – thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) binds to a receptor on thyroid cells – activates adenylate cyclase to stimulate thyroid hormones ...
Vaccination - WordPress.com
Vaccination - WordPress.com

... 1. The influenza virus causes influenza 2. Proteins (neuraminidase and haemagglutinin) on the surface of the influenza virus act as antigens, triggering the immune system. 3. These antigens can change regularly, forming new strains of the virus. 4. Memory cells produced from infection with one strai ...
TIRP Antibody
TIRP Antibody

... TIRP is a member of the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) family, a group of proteins that include the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) (1-3). TLRs are signaling molecules that recognize different pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and serve as an important link between the innate and adaptive ...
Communicable/Infectious Disease
Communicable/Infectious Disease

... infected person coughs or sneezes. (Common Cold) ...
Primary antibody deficiency
Primary antibody deficiency

... What is primary antibody deficiency? Primary antibody deficiency, or PAD for short, is the name given to a number of different conditions that are part of a larger group of disorders known as primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs). The most common types of primary antibody deficiency include common vari ...
Vegetarian Food Panel: IgG
Vegetarian Food Panel: IgG

... US BioTek's proprietary ELISA analysis is a semi-quantitative assessment for specific Total IgG (subclasses 1, 2, 3, 4) and IgE antibodies. The classification of 0 to VI denotes the level of IgG, IgA, and/or IgE antibodies detected through spectrophotometric analysis. US BioTek Laboratories, Inc. ha ...
Document
Document

... • If you inject a monoclonal antibody into a genetically identical recipient then anti-idiotypic antibodies are generated • No anti-isotypic and no anti-allotypic Abs will be generated ...
Autoimmune disease
Autoimmune disease

... Initial response to one self determinant (one peptide) could expand to involve additional determinants on the same molecule as well as additional self-proteins. It explains how a response to one cryptic epitope can mature into a full-blown autoimmune response • Examples: – anti-Sm to U1RNP – anti Ro ...
Immunity & Abnormal Responses
Immunity & Abnormal Responses

... – Those proteins made by the cell that are incorporated into the cell membrane & hold or present foreign antigenic material that has gotten into the cell – These are usually glycoproteins & everybody has different ones • Controlled by genes on chromosome 6 in region called MHC » MHC = major histocom ...
topic 11 notes
topic 11 notes

... produces antibodies that gives it immunity. • Passive immunity is when one organism produces antibodies that benefits another organism. Ex: Newborns have passive immunity from antibodies in mothers milk (colostrum), antivenom given after snake bites. ...
Immunology Basics 1 - 8 Oct 2015
Immunology Basics 1 - 8 Oct 2015

... Jargon; humoral and cellular immune responses Structure and differential specificity of immunoglobulins B lymphocyte life cycle and function Blood transfusion compatibility as a classic example of antibodymediated immune response Indirect and direct Coombs tests Neonatal rhesus disease as a classic ...
Antibodies and Antigens
Antibodies and Antigens

... Agglutination and precipitation Opsonization Complement activation Antibody – dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) ...
Therapeutic MAbs: Saving Lives and Making Billions Monoclonal
Therapeutic MAbs: Saving Lives and Making Billions Monoclonal

... formerly Antegren), a humanized MAb for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. MAbs targeting immunoglobulin, such as Genentech's omalizumab (Xolair), have had an enormous impact on the treatment and management of asthma and other inflammatory diseases. Unlike standard asthma therapies that treat symp ...
Antibodies: Structure and Function Chpt. 4
Antibodies: Structure and Function Chpt. 4

... – Even though same isotypes within one species small differences (1-4 a/a) arise in different individuals (form of polymorphism) – If injected with such Ab you generate antiallotype Ab • Ex. During pregnancy • Blood transfusion ...
Antibodies: Structure and Function Chpt. 4
Antibodies: Structure and Function Chpt. 4

... – Even though same isotypes within one species small differences (1-4 a/a) arise in different individuals (form of polymorphism) – If injected with such Ab you generate antiallotype Ab • Ex. During pregnancy • Blood transfusion ...
common homwework mistakes
common homwework mistakes

... virus cause antigenic variability. Explain how antigenic variability has caused some people to become infected more than once with influenza viruses. (2 marks) The B cells for the old influenza virus do not recognise the new antigens. Scores 1 out of 2 marks. Why? Markscheme: memory B / T cells do n ...
Topic 6.3 Defence against infectious disease
Topic 6.3 Defence against infectious disease

... bone marrow of adults (liver of fetuses). After maturation B cells migrate to lymphoid organs (lymph node or spleen). Clonal Selection: When a B cell encounters an antigen it recognizes, it is stimulated and divides into many clones called plasma cells, which actively secrete antibodies. Each B cell ...
5.5_antibodies
5.5_antibodies

... Antibody specificity Though there are lots of proteins (antigens) present on this cancer cell, only the one that is different to ordinary body cells is chosen to be a target for the monoclonal antibody. ...
Assessment Schedule – 2005 Human Biology: Describe how
Assessment Schedule – 2005 Human Biology: Describe how

... Describes the body’s response once pathogens are in the blood. Any ONE of: • White blood cells (leucocytes / lymphocytes or phagocytes) destroy pathogens / engulf pathogens / make antibodies. • The body / WBC / lymphocytes make antibodies. • The phagocytes / WBC engulf pathogens. ...
File - BIOLOGY Mound
File - BIOLOGY Mound

... • Leukocytes: white blood cells. • Phagocytes (innate immune system) Macrophages (engulf pathogens) • B cells (produce antibodies) • Antibodies: proteins that …. • Lymphocytes (T cells and mature b cells) – Helper T cells mature after macrophage antigen presentation…. Effector T cells and Memory T c ...
< 1 ... 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 ... 65 >

Anti-nuclear antibody



Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some individuals, antibodies to human antigens are produced.There are many subtypes of ANAs such as anti-Ro antibodies, anti-La antibodies, anti-Sm antibodies, anti-nRNP antibodies, anti-Scl-70 antibodies, anti-dsDNA antibodies, anti-histone antibodies, antibodies to nuclear pore complexes, anti-centromere antibodies and anti-sp100 antibodies. Each of these antibody subtypes binds to different proteins or protein complexes within the nucleus. They are found in many disorders including autoimmunity, cancer and infection, with different prevalences of antibodies depending on the condition. This allows the use of ANAs in the diagnosis of some autoimmune disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, scleroderma, mixed connective tissue disease, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, autoimmune hepatitis and drug induced lupus.The ANA test detects the autoantibodies present in an individual's blood serum. The common tests used for detecting and quantifying ANAs are indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In immunofluorescence, the level of autoantibodies is reported as a titre. This is the highest dilution of the serum at which autoantibodies are still detectable. Positive autoantibody titres at a dilution equal to or greater than 1:160 are usually considered as clinically significant. Positive titres of less than 1:160 are present in up to 20% of the healthy population, especially the elderly. Although positive titres of 1:160 or higher are strongly associated with autoimmune disorders, they are also found in 5% of healthy individuals. Autoantibody screening is useful in the diagnosis of autoimmune disorders and monitoring levels helps to predict the progression of disease. A positive ANA test is seldom useful if other clinical or laboratory data supporting a diagnosis are not present.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report