Activity 2 - Web Adventures
... the antigen is the epitope, or marker that complements the antibody’s receptors. 5. Each student should have at least 2 antigens or antibodies. 6. Have students go around the classroom holding up their antigens. When an antibody recognizes a marker (epitope) on an antigen, he/she binds with it, and ...
... the antigen is the epitope, or marker that complements the antibody’s receptors. 5. Each student should have at least 2 antigens or antibodies. 6. Have students go around the classroom holding up their antigens. When an antibody recognizes a marker (epitope) on an antigen, he/she binds with it, and ...
III. Immunology and Complement
... Coats organisms to enhance phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophages. Through its ability to cross the placenta, maternal IgG provides the major line of defense against infection for the first few weeks of a baby's life. It is the predominant antibody produced in the secondary response. The serolo ...
... Coats organisms to enhance phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophages. Through its ability to cross the placenta, maternal IgG provides the major line of defense against infection for the first few weeks of a baby's life. It is the predominant antibody produced in the secondary response. The serolo ...
Radioimmunoassay & Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay
... – 3 H 14 C 125 I are used as radioactive tags – Antigens are tagged to 3 H 14 C 125 – Tagging should NOT affect Antigenic specificity & Antigenic activity ! ...
... – 3 H 14 C 125 I are used as radioactive tags – Antigens are tagged to 3 H 14 C 125 – Tagging should NOT affect Antigenic specificity & Antigenic activity ! ...
radioimmunoassay - OldForensics 2012-2013
... Scotland to figure out if farmer’s had lung syndrome that was said to be created over time. Three serology tests were done Radioimmunoassay being one of them. When they applied the radioimmunoassay test to the group of farmers researchers successfully detected high antibody levels in all with clinic ...
... Scotland to figure out if farmer’s had lung syndrome that was said to be created over time. Three serology tests were done Radioimmunoassay being one of them. When they applied the radioimmunoassay test to the group of farmers researchers successfully detected high antibody levels in all with clinic ...
Antibody Production and Use in Immunodetection
... -Each Ig is bivalent and can bind two identical antigens - Heavy and light chains are held together by non-covalent bonds and covalent disulfide interactions -The two heavy chains are held together by disulfide bonds at the ...
... -Each Ig is bivalent and can bind two identical antigens - Heavy and light chains are held together by non-covalent bonds and covalent disulfide interactions -The two heavy chains are held together by disulfide bonds at the ...
Слайд 1 - sechenov.ru
... - present on the surface of cells or other tissue components - may be intrinsic to the cell membrane, or may take the form of an exogenous antigen • Features of reaction: - results from the binding of antibodies to (IgG or IgM) to normal or altered cell-surface antigens ...
... - present on the surface of cells or other tissue components - may be intrinsic to the cell membrane, or may take the form of an exogenous antigen • Features of reaction: - results from the binding of antibodies to (IgG or IgM) to normal or altered cell-surface antigens ...
Supplementary Figure 4 - PowerPoint (327 KB )
... the C. elegans total protein lysates. Adult wild-type animals (N2) were fed with bacteria expressing dsRNA against ZK287.5 (the C. elegans homologue of RBX1) for three days, and the protein lysates were probed with RBX1 antibodies at 1:2000 dilution. Compared with lysates from untreated animals, a b ...
... the C. elegans total protein lysates. Adult wild-type animals (N2) were fed with bacteria expressing dsRNA against ZK287.5 (the C. elegans homologue of RBX1) for three days, and the protein lysates were probed with RBX1 antibodies at 1:2000 dilution. Compared with lysates from untreated animals, a b ...
Memory B Cells
... look similar or different? 3. If there are several pathogens different from each other, how do our antibodies recognize and bind all of them? ...
... look similar or different? 3. If there are several pathogens different from each other, how do our antibodies recognize and bind all of them? ...
Autonomic “myasthenia”: the case for an autoimmune
... syndromes: Isaacs syndrome, Lambert-Eaton syndrome, dementia, or sensory neuropathy. It is easy to explain the lack of AAN features in patients with autoantibodies against α3 AChRs, since autoantibodies are well known to be present in individuals without clinical disease. But why did such a high pro ...
... syndromes: Isaacs syndrome, Lambert-Eaton syndrome, dementia, or sensory neuropathy. It is easy to explain the lack of AAN features in patients with autoantibodies against α3 AChRs, since autoantibodies are well known to be present in individuals without clinical disease. But why did such a high pro ...
Lecture Outline 7
... a. attack on joints and heart (valves) b. exposure to streptococcal toxin with epitope similar to body's own selfantigen 2. glomerulonephritis - reaction against basement membranes of glomeruli 3. myasthenia gravis a. immunity develops against ACH receptor proteins of neuromuscular junction b. cause ...
... a. attack on joints and heart (valves) b. exposure to streptococcal toxin with epitope similar to body's own selfantigen 2. glomerulonephritis - reaction against basement membranes of glomeruli 3. myasthenia gravis a. immunity develops against ACH receptor proteins of neuromuscular junction b. cause ...
Innate immune recognition
... Innate immune effector mechanisms Physical and biochemical barriers (defensins) Phagocytosis and reactive oxygen species ...
... Innate immune effector mechanisms Physical and biochemical barriers (defensins) Phagocytosis and reactive oxygen species ...
T cell-mediated immunity
... Immunological memory (affinity maturation, memory lymphocytes, long-lasting presentation of immunocomplexes on FDC) ...
... Immunological memory (affinity maturation, memory lymphocytes, long-lasting presentation of immunocomplexes on FDC) ...
cellular basis of immunity
... 3. Neutralization: IgG inactivates viruses by binding to their surface and neutralize toxins by blocking their active sites. 4. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity: Used to destroy large organisms (e.g.: worms). Target organism is coated with antibodies and bombarded with chemicals from n ...
... 3. Neutralization: IgG inactivates viruses by binding to their surface and neutralize toxins by blocking their active sites. 4. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity: Used to destroy large organisms (e.g.: worms). Target organism is coated with antibodies and bombarded with chemicals from n ...
The Immune System - University of Arizona
... first type of immunoglobulin to have developed evolutionarily. • Heavy chains of the m class are the first type expressed during B cell development, and IgM is the isotype produced in primary immune responses. ...
... first type of immunoglobulin to have developed evolutionarily. • Heavy chains of the m class are the first type expressed during B cell development, and IgM is the isotype produced in primary immune responses. ...
15-LESSON PLAN 5c - College of Engineering, Michigan State
... • Because food products leave processing before a positive/negative detection can be found (to sell the food while it’s still fresh). • How many people could have been contaminated during the 48-72 hours while the culture was grown? ...
... • Because food products leave processing before a positive/negative detection can be found (to sell the food while it’s still fresh). • How many people could have been contaminated during the 48-72 hours while the culture was grown? ...
Kidney Transplant Rejection - URMC
... The most critical part of kidney transplantation is preventing rejection of the transplanted kidney. There are three types of rejection that might occur following a transplant. 1. Hyperacute rejection occurs as soon as the donated organ is in the body. This only happens if there are already antibodi ...
... The most critical part of kidney transplantation is preventing rejection of the transplanted kidney. There are three types of rejection that might occur following a transplant. 1. Hyperacute rejection occurs as soon as the donated organ is in the body. This only happens if there are already antibodi ...
Human Physiology - Daniela Sartori
... millions of different antibodies Recombination of these in developing lymphocytes of marrow produces antigen-independent diversity Diversity further increases via somatic hypermutation in which there is a high rate of single base pair mutations Occurs as B cells undergo proliferation in 2o lym ...
... millions of different antibodies Recombination of these in developing lymphocytes of marrow produces antigen-independent diversity Diversity further increases via somatic hypermutation in which there is a high rate of single base pair mutations Occurs as B cells undergo proliferation in 2o lym ...
Preparation of Myeloma Cells
... Polyclonal antibodies: If an animal is immunized with a protein, a wide array of B cells will be stimulated to produce anti-protein antibodies. Antibodies may be made to a number of different epitopes of the protein. Even antibodies that bind to the same epitope may have different antigen-binding s ...
... Polyclonal antibodies: If an animal is immunized with a protein, a wide array of B cells will be stimulated to produce anti-protein antibodies. Antibodies may be made to a number of different epitopes of the protein. Even antibodies that bind to the same epitope may have different antigen-binding s ...
8 Immunology
... Restricted to lymphoid tissues (e.g., lymph nodes) Secrete antibodies specific for the pathogen T cells - circulate through blood and lymph Helper T cells (Th) Direct the actions of other cells by secreting cytokines that signal and coordinate such activities Cytotoxic T cells (CTL) Recognize cells ...
... Restricted to lymphoid tissues (e.g., lymph nodes) Secrete antibodies specific for the pathogen T cells - circulate through blood and lymph Helper T cells (Th) Direct the actions of other cells by secreting cytokines that signal and coordinate such activities Cytotoxic T cells (CTL) Recognize cells ...
Molecular Techniques 3 Goals in Molecular Biology
... Example of western blot Western blot analysis of NMDA receptor proteins in rat ...
... Example of western blot Western blot analysis of NMDA receptor proteins in rat ...
DOC - ADAM Interactive Anatomy
... To compare active and passive humoral immunity. Page 3: Antibodies: Introduction The terms antibody, immunoglobulin, and gamma globulin are synonymous. The basic antibody molecule is roughly Y-shaped. It consists of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light ch ...
... To compare active and passive humoral immunity. Page 3: Antibodies: Introduction The terms antibody, immunoglobulin, and gamma globulin are synonymous. The basic antibody molecule is roughly Y-shaped. It consists of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light ch ...
02 Physiology of leukocytes
... published the results of studies, which showed that all people have three blood types. Prague, Jan Jansky doctor found that people are not 3, and 4 blood groups and gave them refer to Roman numerals: I, II, III, IV. ...
... published the results of studies, which showed that all people have three blood types. Prague, Jan Jansky doctor found that people are not 3, and 4 blood groups and gave them refer to Roman numerals: I, II, III, IV. ...
0-AB system of antigens
... Rh-system In comparison with the 0-A-B system, there is one major difference: In the 0-A-B system agglutinins develop spontaneously, while in the Rh-system spontaneous agglutinins almost never occur. A person must be massively exposed to an Rh antigen, before enough agglutinins are produced to caus ...
... Rh-system In comparison with the 0-A-B system, there is one major difference: In the 0-A-B system agglutinins develop spontaneously, while in the Rh-system spontaneous agglutinins almost never occur. A person must be massively exposed to an Rh antigen, before enough agglutinins are produced to caus ...
ANTIGENS AND ANTIBODIES. STRUCTURE OF IMMUNE SYSTEM
... not come in contact with the immunizing systems of the body, therefore antibodies are not produced against such cells and tissues. However, if these tissues are injured, then autoantigens may be absorbed, and may cause the production of antibodies which have a toxic effect on the corresponding cells ...
... not come in contact with the immunizing systems of the body, therefore antibodies are not produced against such cells and tissues. However, if these tissues are injured, then autoantigens may be absorbed, and may cause the production of antibodies which have a toxic effect on the corresponding cells ...
Anti-nuclear antibody
Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some individuals, antibodies to human antigens are produced.There are many subtypes of ANAs such as anti-Ro antibodies, anti-La antibodies, anti-Sm antibodies, anti-nRNP antibodies, anti-Scl-70 antibodies, anti-dsDNA antibodies, anti-histone antibodies, antibodies to nuclear pore complexes, anti-centromere antibodies and anti-sp100 antibodies. Each of these antibody subtypes binds to different proteins or protein complexes within the nucleus. They are found in many disorders including autoimmunity, cancer and infection, with different prevalences of antibodies depending on the condition. This allows the use of ANAs in the diagnosis of some autoimmune disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, scleroderma, mixed connective tissue disease, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, autoimmune hepatitis and drug induced lupus.The ANA test detects the autoantibodies present in an individual's blood serum. The common tests used for detecting and quantifying ANAs are indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In immunofluorescence, the level of autoantibodies is reported as a titre. This is the highest dilution of the serum at which autoantibodies are still detectable. Positive autoantibody titres at a dilution equal to or greater than 1:160 are usually considered as clinically significant. Positive titres of less than 1:160 are present in up to 20% of the healthy population, especially the elderly. Although positive titres of 1:160 or higher are strongly associated with autoimmune disorders, they are also found in 5% of healthy individuals. Autoantibody screening is useful in the diagnosis of autoimmune disorders and monitoring levels helps to predict the progression of disease. A positive ANA test is seldom useful if other clinical or laboratory data supporting a diagnosis are not present.