Glomerular diseases
... Cell-mediated cytotoxicity requires prior binding of antibodies to target cells ...
... Cell-mediated cytotoxicity requires prior binding of antibodies to target cells ...
Passive vs active & vaccines
... • Outline possible new sources of medicines, with reference to microorganisms and plants and the need to maintain ...
... • Outline possible new sources of medicines, with reference to microorganisms and plants and the need to maintain ...
A. Immune hemolytic anemias
... by antibody production by the body against its own red cells. They are characterized by a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) also known as the Coombs' test and divided into 'warm‘ and 'cold' types according to whether the antibody reacts more strongly with red cells at 37°C or 4°C. (typically 2 ...
... by antibody production by the body against its own red cells. They are characterized by a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) also known as the Coombs' test and divided into 'warm‘ and 'cold' types according to whether the antibody reacts more strongly with red cells at 37°C or 4°C. (typically 2 ...
The Immune System
... • Our immune system recognizes these antigens as belonging to ourselves, and does not produce antibodies against them. • When a tissue or organ is transplanted, the recipient’s immune system will not recognize it as “self” and will manufactures antibodies to destroy it. • This is known as rejection. ...
... • Our immune system recognizes these antigens as belonging to ourselves, and does not produce antibodies against them. • When a tissue or organ is transplanted, the recipient’s immune system will not recognize it as “self” and will manufactures antibodies to destroy it. • This is known as rejection. ...
Activation by another means: role of immune system in Graves
... What do they do? How are antibodies made? Fig 3-21 ...
... What do they do? How are antibodies made? Fig 3-21 ...
HIV and immunity
... Some definitions are in order Antigen A substance produced by a pathogen (e.g., protein, complex sugar) capable of producing an immune response ...
... Some definitions are in order Antigen A substance produced by a pathogen (e.g., protein, complex sugar) capable of producing an immune response ...
中六生物科教材
... invasion of the same antigen will result in a more rapid, stronger and long-lasting response (secondary response). Memory is absent in non-specific immune response. 10. Explain inflammatory response. Phagocytosis causes inflammation at the site of infection. The hot and swollen area contains many de ...
... invasion of the same antigen will result in a more rapid, stronger and long-lasting response (secondary response). Memory is absent in non-specific immune response. 10. Explain inflammatory response. Phagocytosis causes inflammation at the site of infection. The hot and swollen area contains many de ...
Making the Rheumatological Diagnosis
... Serologic Testing should Ideally be used to Confirm a Diagnosis, not “Shotgun” a Problematic Patient ...
... Serologic Testing should Ideally be used to Confirm a Diagnosis, not “Shotgun” a Problematic Patient ...
Immunoglobulin Structure
... myeloma). Is the presence of an M-component in serum diagnostic of multiple myeloma? No. M-component appear in the blood as people age. About 10% of healthy individuals in the ninth decade of live have M-component. This is called benign monoclonal gammopathy. Without bone lesions and presence of man ...
... myeloma). Is the presence of an M-component in serum diagnostic of multiple myeloma? No. M-component appear in the blood as people age. About 10% of healthy individuals in the ninth decade of live have M-component. This is called benign monoclonal gammopathy. Without bone lesions and presence of man ...
Anti-tumor immune mechanisms
... specific cell-mediated cytotoxic reactivity – TC activation of TH2 → stimulation of B cells→ tumor specific antibodies production (involved in the ADCC) tumor cells are destroyed by cytotoxic NK cells (ADCC) interferons - antiproliferative, cytotoxic effect on tumor cells ...
... specific cell-mediated cytotoxic reactivity – TC activation of TH2 → stimulation of B cells→ tumor specific antibodies production (involved in the ADCC) tumor cells are destroyed by cytotoxic NK cells (ADCC) interferons - antiproliferative, cytotoxic effect on tumor cells ...
Immunoglobulins - Khyber Girls Medical College
... Bence Jones proteins are excreted in urine which often damges the renal tubules. 2. The classical heat test involves the precipitation of Bence Jones proteins when slightly acidified urine is heated to 40-50 0 C . This precipitate redissolves on further heating of urine to boiling point. It reappear ...
... Bence Jones proteins are excreted in urine which often damges the renal tubules. 2. The classical heat test involves the precipitation of Bence Jones proteins when slightly acidified urine is heated to 40-50 0 C . This precipitate redissolves on further heating of urine to boiling point. It reappear ...
Immunity Textbook
... complex molecules (MHC molecules). MHC molecules reside on cell membranes and contain a variable region. The variable region is the portion of the molecule that allows for binding to antigens. MHC class I molecules display antigens on the surface of cells. The antigens are produced inside cells. One ...
... complex molecules (MHC molecules). MHC molecules reside on cell membranes and contain a variable region. The variable region is the portion of the molecule that allows for binding to antigens. MHC class I molecules display antigens on the surface of cells. The antigens are produced inside cells. One ...
lups net ppt 2
... Identity of specific molecular targets of ANAs ***Anti-double-stranded DNA -> gives rim staining pattern in ANA -> most important for SLE (2/3 of patients have + quite specific for SLE) Anti-single stranded DNA -> less specific Anti-histone antibodies Anti-ribonuclear proteins -> antibodies against ...
... Identity of specific molecular targets of ANAs ***Anti-double-stranded DNA -> gives rim staining pattern in ANA -> most important for SLE (2/3 of patients have + quite specific for SLE) Anti-single stranded DNA -> less specific Anti-histone antibodies Anti-ribonuclear proteins -> antibodies against ...
Genetics of Childhood Disorders: XXXV. Noninflammatory Autoimmune Disorders of the Brain
... Infusion of antibodies into CSF (subarachnoid or intraventricular) is a second experimental design that is used for studying putative antibody-medicated neural disorders. This is, in essence, a modification of the traditional immunological technique of adoptive transfer. The approach is an effort to ...
... Infusion of antibodies into CSF (subarachnoid or intraventricular) is a second experimental design that is used for studying putative antibody-medicated neural disorders. This is, in essence, a modification of the traditional immunological technique of adoptive transfer. The approach is an effort to ...
Materials and Methods - Welcome to the Biology Department
... test antigen (TTFC) and murine interleukins (cytokines) IL-2 and IL-6 • Mice were intranasally immunized with variations of these expression strains (as well as controls) • Some recombinants were treated (killed) with mitomycin C prior to ...
... test antigen (TTFC) and murine interleukins (cytokines) IL-2 and IL-6 • Mice were intranasally immunized with variations of these expression strains (as well as controls) • Some recombinants were treated (killed) with mitomycin C prior to ...
What`s hiding behind IgA nephropathy?
... growth factors production • Local complement activation ...
... growth factors production • Local complement activation ...
Immune Defense notes part 2 fill-in
... Causes slow death of T-cells while making more of the virus When there are not enough ___________, the body is left ____________________ against invading pathogens ...
... Causes slow death of T-cells while making more of the virus When there are not enough ___________, the body is left ____________________ against invading pathogens ...
Anatomy of the Brain (seizures)
... Antibodies and the Immune Response • Antibodies are not always beneficial. For example, when tissue from another body, such as a transplanted heart, is introduced, antibodies are produced to destroy the "invader." Transplants usually are made possible only by means of drugs that act against the bod ...
... Antibodies and the Immune Response • Antibodies are not always beneficial. For example, when tissue from another body, such as a transplanted heart, is introduced, antibodies are produced to destroy the "invader." Transplants usually are made possible only by means of drugs that act against the bod ...
TUTORIAL 5 Multiple Choices For each of the questions below
... administration of attenuated vaccine (Sabin) or by parenteral injection of inactivated (Salk) vaccine. These vaccines are equally effective in preventing disease because A. both induce adequate IgA at the intestinal mucosa, the site of entry of the virus. B. antibody in the serum protects against th ...
... administration of attenuated vaccine (Sabin) or by parenteral injection of inactivated (Salk) vaccine. These vaccines are equally effective in preventing disease because A. both induce adequate IgA at the intestinal mucosa, the site of entry of the virus. B. antibody in the serum protects against th ...
Something that makes us sick, causes disease
... Human cells have many surface proteins Our immune cells do not attack our own proteins. They only attack “foreign” proteins. Our cells in another person’s body can trigger an immune response because they are foreign Restricts donors for transplants Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. pu ...
... Human cells have many surface proteins Our immune cells do not attack our own proteins. They only attack “foreign” proteins. Our cells in another person’s body can trigger an immune response because they are foreign Restricts donors for transplants Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. pu ...
APS-1
... Four APS-1 patients a their family members; • INF production decreased in APS-1 subjects compared to controls (455±191 vs. 910406 pg/mL; p=0.055); • IgM, CD3+CD4+ lymphocyte count increased; • Interestingly, all fathers of APS-1 subjects had substantially elevated IgA and activated T lymphocytes ...
... Four APS-1 patients a their family members; • INF production decreased in APS-1 subjects compared to controls (455±191 vs. 910406 pg/mL; p=0.055); • IgM, CD3+CD4+ lymphocyte count increased; • Interestingly, all fathers of APS-1 subjects had substantially elevated IgA and activated T lymphocytes ...
Anti-nuclear antibody
Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some individuals, antibodies to human antigens are produced.There are many subtypes of ANAs such as anti-Ro antibodies, anti-La antibodies, anti-Sm antibodies, anti-nRNP antibodies, anti-Scl-70 antibodies, anti-dsDNA antibodies, anti-histone antibodies, antibodies to nuclear pore complexes, anti-centromere antibodies and anti-sp100 antibodies. Each of these antibody subtypes binds to different proteins or protein complexes within the nucleus. They are found in many disorders including autoimmunity, cancer and infection, with different prevalences of antibodies depending on the condition. This allows the use of ANAs in the diagnosis of some autoimmune disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, scleroderma, mixed connective tissue disease, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, autoimmune hepatitis and drug induced lupus.The ANA test detects the autoantibodies present in an individual's blood serum. The common tests used for detecting and quantifying ANAs are indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In immunofluorescence, the level of autoantibodies is reported as a titre. This is the highest dilution of the serum at which autoantibodies are still detectable. Positive autoantibody titres at a dilution equal to or greater than 1:160 are usually considered as clinically significant. Positive titres of less than 1:160 are present in up to 20% of the healthy population, especially the elderly. Although positive titres of 1:160 or higher are strongly associated with autoimmune disorders, they are also found in 5% of healthy individuals. Autoantibody screening is useful in the diagnosis of autoimmune disorders and monitoring levels helps to predict the progression of disease. A positive ANA test is seldom useful if other clinical or laboratory data supporting a diagnosis are not present.