Something that makes us sick, causes disease
... Human cells have many surface proteins Our immune cells do not attack our own proteins. They only attack “foreign” proteins. Our cells in another person’s body can trigger an immune response because they are foreign Restricts donors for transplants Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. pu ...
... Human cells have many surface proteins Our immune cells do not attack our own proteins. They only attack “foreign” proteins. Our cells in another person’s body can trigger an immune response because they are foreign Restricts donors for transplants Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. pu ...
11.1 HL Immune System Part 1
... much larger quantity of the required antibody. •When activated B-cells are dividing during the primary response, some cells stop dividing and secreting antibody and become memory cells. • Large numbers of memory cells remain in the body for a long time… • …they are capable of producing large amounts ...
... much larger quantity of the required antibody. •When activated B-cells are dividing during the primary response, some cells stop dividing and secreting antibody and become memory cells. • Large numbers of memory cells remain in the body for a long time… • …they are capable of producing large amounts ...
Immune system notes - St Paul`s School Intranet
... outside of a virus. What is important is that the lymphocyte can recognize it as a foreign molecule i.e. one that would not normally be found in the body. Each antigen has a particular molecular shape, which will activate certain lymphocytes to secrete proteins called antibodies. Lymphocytes have re ...
... outside of a virus. What is important is that the lymphocyte can recognize it as a foreign molecule i.e. one that would not normally be found in the body. Each antigen has a particular molecular shape, which will activate certain lymphocytes to secrete proteins called antibodies. Lymphocytes have re ...
11th B Hypersensitivity reactions
... (Type II) Antibodies directed against cell or tissue antigens, damage or impair their function Often IgG or IgM autoantibodies are involved (failure of self tolerance) Some cases involve antibodies produced against a foreign antigen. For example: poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis and Rheuma ...
... (Type II) Antibodies directed against cell or tissue antigens, damage or impair their function Often IgG or IgM autoantibodies are involved (failure of self tolerance) Some cases involve antibodies produced against a foreign antigen. For example: poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis and Rheuma ...
Document
... Diagnosis SLE 1. Antinuclear antibody - rim pattern, anti double stranded-DNA. 2. Decreased serum complement especially C1q. ...
... Diagnosis SLE 1. Antinuclear antibody - rim pattern, anti double stranded-DNA. 2. Decreased serum complement especially C1q. ...
Immune
... system responds to clues that an infection has taken place before responding strongly to antigens; foreign substances may be invisible to the immune system unless accompanied by danger signals (infection/inflammation) ...
... system responds to clues that an infection has taken place before responding strongly to antigens; foreign substances may be invisible to the immune system unless accompanied by danger signals (infection/inflammation) ...
File - Classes with Mrs. Sheetz
... • Carried out by special white blood called lymphocytes • Two branches: 1) humoral response – targets and/or inactivates pathogens using antibodies 2) cell-mediated response – kill infected cells using killer T-cells • Antigen: a foreign protein that triggers an immune response ...
... • Carried out by special white blood called lymphocytes • Two branches: 1) humoral response – targets and/or inactivates pathogens using antibodies 2) cell-mediated response – kill infected cells using killer T-cells • Antigen: a foreign protein that triggers an immune response ...
antibody
... Eg: Doxorubicin-BR96 immunoconjugate. It is a chimeric MoAb specific for lewis antigen found on the surface of tumour cells. CMA-676 which is a conjugate of an anti-CD33 MoAb and calicheamicin, an anticancer drug is 1000 times more potent than Doxorubicin. Bispecific MoAb’s composed of anti-CD3 ...
... Eg: Doxorubicin-BR96 immunoconjugate. It is a chimeric MoAb specific for lewis antigen found on the surface of tumour cells. CMA-676 which is a conjugate of an anti-CD33 MoAb and calicheamicin, an anticancer drug is 1000 times more potent than Doxorubicin. Bispecific MoAb’s composed of anti-CD3 ...
Importance of Cell Surfaces
... • The genes encoding class I, II and III molecules are known as the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) system •success of transplants depends on the degree of antigenic similarity between the donor and recipient •antigenic similarity of donor and recipient has to be assessed by testing them with suitabl ...
... • The genes encoding class I, II and III molecules are known as the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) system •success of transplants depends on the degree of antigenic similarity between the donor and recipient •antigenic similarity of donor and recipient has to be assessed by testing them with suitabl ...
Any antibody binds to only a portion of the
... Adjuvants convert soluble protein antigens into particulate material, which is more readily ingested by antigen-presenting cells such as macrophages adjuvants activate dendritic cells to express more MHC, increase the expression of costimulators, and cytokines needed for T cell activation, stimu ...
... Adjuvants convert soluble protein antigens into particulate material, which is more readily ingested by antigen-presenting cells such as macrophages adjuvants activate dendritic cells to express more MHC, increase the expression of costimulators, and cytokines needed for T cell activation, stimu ...
Autoimmune Endocrinopathies
... measurement of TG antibodies is clinically crucial. In patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, after thyroidectomy and radioiodine therapy, the measurement of serum TG is useful to assess persistence or recurrence. TG antibodies may interfere with assays for TG, and therefore their presence sho ...
... measurement of TG antibodies is clinically crucial. In patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, after thyroidectomy and radioiodine therapy, the measurement of serum TG is useful to assess persistence or recurrence. TG antibodies may interfere with assays for TG, and therefore their presence sho ...
Document
... 1. Central (primary) organs: thymus and bone marrow 2. Peripheral (secondary) lymphoid organs are: ...
... 1. Central (primary) organs: thymus and bone marrow 2. Peripheral (secondary) lymphoid organs are: ...
Immunology
... of the connective tissues, can afflict every organ system. It is more common in women than men. Rheumatoid arthritis – a systemic disorder in which immune cells attack and inflame the membrane around joints. It also can affect the heart, lungs, and eyes. Scleroderma – activation of immune cells ...
... of the connective tissues, can afflict every organ system. It is more common in women than men. Rheumatoid arthritis – a systemic disorder in which immune cells attack and inflame the membrane around joints. It also can affect the heart, lungs, and eyes. Scleroderma – activation of immune cells ...
10. practice 2011
... of staining which is more characteristic of the presence of autoantibodies to extractable nuclear antigens, particularly ribonucleoprotein. This pattern is not very specific, but may be seen with an entity called "mixed connective tissue disease" which is a mix between SLE, scleroderma, and polymyos ...
... of staining which is more characteristic of the presence of autoantibodies to extractable nuclear antigens, particularly ribonucleoprotein. This pattern is not very specific, but may be seen with an entity called "mixed connective tissue disease" which is a mix between SLE, scleroderma, and polymyos ...
Pathology – Lecture 17: Immunohemolytic Anemia 2/25/13
... o The pt’s red cells are mixed w/ sera containing antibodies that are specific for human Ig or complement (anti-human globulin, AHG) o If agglutination (clumping) occurs = positive test Indirect Coombs antiglobulin test o The pt’s serum is tested for its ability to agglutinate commercially availab ...
... o The pt’s red cells are mixed w/ sera containing antibodies that are specific for human Ig or complement (anti-human globulin, AHG) o If agglutination (clumping) occurs = positive test Indirect Coombs antiglobulin test o The pt’s serum is tested for its ability to agglutinate commercially availab ...
Measuring immunity
... How: Coat plates w/ bacterial colonies & add serum Need: animal; pathogen (Sigma), agar-coated plates ...
... How: Coat plates w/ bacterial colonies & add serum Need: animal; pathogen (Sigma), agar-coated plates ...
File - Science at St. Dominics
... This involves an antigen-antibody response, and uses specialised white blood cells, called lymphocytes and monocytes both made in the bone marrow. ...
... This involves an antigen-antibody response, and uses specialised white blood cells, called lymphocytes and monocytes both made in the bone marrow. ...
Chapter 5 Immunity, Hypersensitivity, Allergy, and Autoimmune
... Desensitization induces formation of IgA and IgG which combine with allergen before it can interact with IgE. Systemic response: anaphylaxis. Generalized mediator release from mast cells and basophils may be life threatening. Prompt treatment essential. TYPE II. CYTOTOXIC HYPERSENSITIVITY Antibody a ...
... Desensitization induces formation of IgA and IgG which combine with allergen before it can interact with IgE. Systemic response: anaphylaxis. Generalized mediator release from mast cells and basophils may be life threatening. Prompt treatment essential. TYPE II. CYTOTOXIC HYPERSENSITIVITY Antibody a ...
Acquired Immunity
... * The acquired immune response is more specialized than innate immune response * The acquired immune response involves a combination of two mechanisms : 1) Humoral immune response 2) cell mediated immune response * They interact with one another to destroy foreign body (microorganisms, infected cell ...
... * The acquired immune response is more specialized than innate immune response * The acquired immune response involves a combination of two mechanisms : 1) Humoral immune response 2) cell mediated immune response * They interact with one another to destroy foreign body (microorganisms, infected cell ...
Office hours
... Office hours: M 10-12; T 3:30-5; W 10-11:30 Lecture and Discussion: T R 10:00-11:40am, Sci II 180 ...
... Office hours: M 10-12; T 3:30-5; W 10-11:30 Lecture and Discussion: T R 10:00-11:40am, Sci II 180 ...
Lecture 5
... B - lymphocytes capable of producing antibodies that bind to the antigen present in secondary immune tissues (spleen, lymph nodes, Harderian glands, Peyer’s patches, Merkel’s diverticulum) start to divide. • Two populations: – Enlarge to become Plasma Cells actively producing antibodies (primary res ...
... B - lymphocytes capable of producing antibodies that bind to the antigen present in secondary immune tissues (spleen, lymph nodes, Harderian glands, Peyer’s patches, Merkel’s diverticulum) start to divide. • Two populations: – Enlarge to become Plasma Cells actively producing antibodies (primary res ...
Why Synthetic Peptide Vaccines?
... General Intro - MAbs Usage Today • Human and animal serum products are still used today; however, we now have new tools that allow for the development of totally human—monoclonal—antibody based therapeutic drugs. • There are now 12 monoclonal antibody based therapeutic products that are approved by ...
... General Intro - MAbs Usage Today • Human and animal serum products are still used today; however, we now have new tools that allow for the development of totally human—monoclonal—antibody based therapeutic drugs. • There are now 12 monoclonal antibody based therapeutic products that are approved by ...
Chapter 18: Applications of Immunology
... The presence of specific antigen or antibodies in a test sample (e.g., blood serum) can be revealed by layering a solution of one on top of the other: • at the interface between antigen & antibody, the two will mix due to diffusion • within this region of mixing a “zone of equivalence” will form (eq ...
... The presence of specific antigen or antibodies in a test sample (e.g., blood serum) can be revealed by layering a solution of one on top of the other: • at the interface between antigen & antibody, the two will mix due to diffusion • within this region of mixing a “zone of equivalence” will form (eq ...
Cytoplasmic Hep-2 patterns
... modest efforts have been spent to harmonize their recognition by IIF and study their antigen specificity by independent techniques, and thus sufficiently large populations of patients have not been available for detailed clinical analyses. – Some ANA are rare [”esoteric”] (<5%) and thus have not bee ...
... modest efforts have been spent to harmonize their recognition by IIF and study their antigen specificity by independent techniques, and thus sufficiently large populations of patients have not been available for detailed clinical analyses. – Some ANA are rare [”esoteric”] (<5%) and thus have not bee ...
Anti-nuclear antibody
Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some individuals, antibodies to human antigens are produced.There are many subtypes of ANAs such as anti-Ro antibodies, anti-La antibodies, anti-Sm antibodies, anti-nRNP antibodies, anti-Scl-70 antibodies, anti-dsDNA antibodies, anti-histone antibodies, antibodies to nuclear pore complexes, anti-centromere antibodies and anti-sp100 antibodies. Each of these antibody subtypes binds to different proteins or protein complexes within the nucleus. They are found in many disorders including autoimmunity, cancer and infection, with different prevalences of antibodies depending on the condition. This allows the use of ANAs in the diagnosis of some autoimmune disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, scleroderma, mixed connective tissue disease, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, autoimmune hepatitis and drug induced lupus.The ANA test detects the autoantibodies present in an individual's blood serum. The common tests used for detecting and quantifying ANAs are indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In immunofluorescence, the level of autoantibodies is reported as a titre. This is the highest dilution of the serum at which autoantibodies are still detectable. Positive autoantibody titres at a dilution equal to or greater than 1:160 are usually considered as clinically significant. Positive titres of less than 1:160 are present in up to 20% of the healthy population, especially the elderly. Although positive titres of 1:160 or higher are strongly associated with autoimmune disorders, they are also found in 5% of healthy individuals. Autoantibody screening is useful in the diagnosis of autoimmune disorders and monitoring levels helps to predict the progression of disease. A positive ANA test is seldom useful if other clinical or laboratory data supporting a diagnosis are not present.