
Viral and cellular microarray-based studies (virogenomics)
... components and cellular machinery for propagation and replication. During infection, viruses modulate host cell gene expression and influence cellular functions. A study of their impact on host gene expression will help us to learn about how they interact with their hosts. If the host proteins that ...
... components and cellular machinery for propagation and replication. During infection, viruses modulate host cell gene expression and influence cellular functions. A study of their impact on host gene expression will help us to learn about how they interact with their hosts. If the host proteins that ...
herpes simplex virus
... Changes in cellular growth, cellular morphology, antigenic compounds. Oncogenic viruses can be carcinogen (causing malignant tumors) and make cells to transform. ...
... Changes in cellular growth, cellular morphology, antigenic compounds. Oncogenic viruses can be carcinogen (causing malignant tumors) and make cells to transform. ...
Cytokine receptors and signal transduction
... Type I cytokine receptor Transmembrane receptors expressed on the surface of cells. These receptors are also known under the name hematopoetin receptors, and share a Trp-Ser-X-SerTrp motif (WSXWS) in the ...
... Type I cytokine receptor Transmembrane receptors expressed on the surface of cells. These receptors are also known under the name hematopoetin receptors, and share a Trp-Ser-X-SerTrp motif (WSXWS) in the ...
Genetic engineering to protect against virus infection
... • Ifn is induced by accumulation of double stranded RNA (dsRNA). ...
... • Ifn is induced by accumulation of double stranded RNA (dsRNA). ...
Interferon

Interferons (IFNs) are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, and also tumor cells. In a typical scenario, a virus-infected cell will release interferons causing nearby cells to heighten their anti-viral defenses.IFNs belong to the large class of proteins known as cytokines, molecules used for communication between cells to trigger the protective defenses of the immune system that help eradicate pathogens. Interferons are named for their ability to ""interfere"" with viral replication by protecting cells from virus infections. IFNs also have various other functions: they activate immune cells, such as natural killer cells and macrophages; they increase host defenses by up-regulating antigen presentation by virtue of increasing the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens. Certain symptoms of infections, such as fever, muscle pain and ""flu-like symptoms"", are also caused by the production of IFNs and other cytokines.More than twenty distinct IFN genes and proteins have been identified in animals, including humans. They are typically divided among three classes: Type I IFN, Type II IFN, and Type III IFN. IFNs belonging to all three classes are important for fighting viral infections and for the regulation of the immune system.