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Viruses • • • • • Basically lifeless until they enter a host cell. Use cell organelles to reproduce. Typically a protein capsule with DNA or RNA inside. Because of this, viruses are NOT considered to be a living thing. Viruses usually infect a specific host species. Often can only infect certain cells of host. The Lytic Cycle: • Replication cycle of virus: 1. Attachment – Virus or its DNA/RNA enters host 2. Synthesis – Viral DNA/RNA instructs host to manufacture viruses 3. Assembly – New viruses are assembled 4. Release – New viruses are released as cell bursts Mutation • Mutation of viral DNA can lead to new versions of a virus. • Like evolution. • Can also lead to cross-species infection. Vaccination • Stimulate (train) your immune system. • Introduce a dead/weakened form of virus. • Immune cells learn to recognize and produce response (i.e. antibodies). • This allows a faster response when infected later. The Lysogenic Cycle: • Same as previous, but cells are not destroyed. • They continue to reproduce normally as they make viruses.