1. Degenerate Pressure
... a degenerate gas – i.e., one in which the momenta and energies are dictated by the “size” of the quantum states. The physical effect that arises when many electrons are confined in a small volume is called electron degeneracy pressure. This results from the random, large momenta that electrons must ...
... a degenerate gas – i.e., one in which the momenta and energies are dictated by the “size” of the quantum states. The physical effect that arises when many electrons are confined in a small volume is called electron degeneracy pressure. This results from the random, large momenta that electrons must ...
plasma
... million can fit across the head of a pin. They are composed of one or more negatively charged electrons that orbit a positively charged nucleus (made up of neutral particles, called neutrons, and positively charged particles, called protons). Electrically neutral atoms have the same number of positi ...
... million can fit across the head of a pin. They are composed of one or more negatively charged electrons that orbit a positively charged nucleus (made up of neutral particles, called neutrons, and positively charged particles, called protons). Electrically neutral atoms have the same number of positi ...
Saturn`s icy satellites
... However, for the penetrating particles a significant drop-out is observed, as in figure 1. This can be explained by considering the motion of electrons at these energies (MeV). They have a drift velocity greater than and in an opposite sense to the corotation velocity. Therefore their net motion is ...
... However, for the penetrating particles a significant drop-out is observed, as in figure 1. This can be explained by considering the motion of electrons at these energies (MeV). They have a drift velocity greater than and in an opposite sense to the corotation velocity. Therefore their net motion is ...
Ultracold Plasmas
... - Laser cool atoms to slightly above sub-milikelvin temperatures. - Trap the laser-cooled atoms using Magneto Optical trap. - Photoionize , using laser light near the ionization threshold. - Diagnostics with applied electric fields. ...
... - Laser cool atoms to slightly above sub-milikelvin temperatures. - Trap the laser-cooled atoms using Magneto Optical trap. - Photoionize , using laser light near the ionization threshold. - Diagnostics with applied electric fields. ...
Magnetic field generation by sound waves in the solar atmosphere
... subjected to the action of waves which are generated in the convective zone. These waves make an important contribution to the energy balance of the upper chromosphere and the corona (see, e.g., Ref. 1). In the present communication we shall show that the absorption of waves can also play a signific ...
... subjected to the action of waves which are generated in the convective zone. These waves make an important contribution to the energy balance of the upper chromosphere and the corona (see, e.g., Ref. 1). In the present communication we shall show that the absorption of waves can also play a signific ...
electric field
... protons. A NEGATIVE charge occurs when there are more electrons than protons, the object is gaining electrons. A POSITIVE charge occurs when there are less electrons than protons, the object is losing electrons. ...
... protons. A NEGATIVE charge occurs when there are more electrons than protons, the object is gaining electrons. A POSITIVE charge occurs when there are less electrons than protons, the object is losing electrons. ...
Mean Molecular Weight The thermodynamic relations between P, ρ
... equation. In general, the Saha equation can be used to compute ionization fractions over most of the star. It does, however, require that the gas be in thermodynamic equilibrium. This is true throughout the star, as at high densities, collisions will control the level populations. This approximation ...
... equation. In general, the Saha equation can be used to compute ionization fractions over most of the star. It does, however, require that the gas be in thermodynamic equilibrium. This is true throughout the star, as at high densities, collisions will control the level populations. This approximation ...
PHY 140A: Solid State Physics Solution to Homework #7
... Fermi gases in astrophysics. (a). Given M¯ = 2 × 1033 g for the mass of the Sun, estimate the number of electrons in the Sun. In a white dwarf star this number of electrons may be ionized and contained in a sphere of radius 2 × 109 cm; find the Fermi energy of the electrons in electron volts. (b). T ...
... Fermi gases in astrophysics. (a). Given M¯ = 2 × 1033 g for the mass of the Sun, estimate the number of electrons in the Sun. In a white dwarf star this number of electrons may be ionized and contained in a sphere of radius 2 × 109 cm; find the Fermi energy of the electrons in electron volts. (b). T ...
Document
... Earth. It is made up of very hot gases with the center of the Sun measuring about 15 million °C!!! ...
... Earth. It is made up of very hot gases with the center of the Sun measuring about 15 million °C!!! ...
GAMMA-RAY EMISSION IN PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES DUE TO
... force acting on an electron as it moves through Earth’s atmosphere at STP [2]. The solid curve is due to inelastic collisions with air molecules and the dashed curve includes the effects of bremsstrahlung emission. In-situ measurements have found maximum electric fields near the breakeven field (Eb) ...
... force acting on an electron as it moves through Earth’s atmosphere at STP [2]. The solid curve is due to inelastic collisions with air molecules and the dashed curve includes the effects of bremsstrahlung emission. In-situ measurements have found maximum electric fields near the breakeven field (Eb) ...
ARTEMIS writeup
... 0200 UT) when a high energy (~ 1 keV) electron population is present within the optical shadow. This is likely due to a plasma sheet population convecting or flowing earthward at that time. The total magnetic field is much more variable compared to the case when the Moon was in the solar wind, perha ...
... 0200 UT) when a high energy (~ 1 keV) electron population is present within the optical shadow. This is likely due to a plasma sheet population convecting or flowing earthward at that time. The total magnetic field is much more variable compared to the case when the Moon was in the solar wind, perha ...
Structure of the Sun
... 2) During eclipses it glows a reddish color, this color is given off by the hydrogen 3) Temperatures range from 4,000 – 50,000 degrees C 4) In upward movements, gas regularly forms narrow jets of hot gas that shoot outward to form the chromospheres and then fade way within a few minutes. a. They can ...
... 2) During eclipses it glows a reddish color, this color is given off by the hydrogen 3) Temperatures range from 4,000 – 50,000 degrees C 4) In upward movements, gas regularly forms narrow jets of hot gas that shoot outward to form the chromospheres and then fade way within a few minutes. a. They can ...
Dynamics and particle uxes in atmospheric
... also demand operation in electronegative environments. For example, in the fast growing field of plasma medicine,7,8 oxygen, an electronegative gas, is often introduced as a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Water, another electronegative precursor, is also likely to be present in many biomed ...
... also demand operation in electronegative environments. For example, in the fast growing field of plasma medicine,7,8 oxygen, an electronegative gas, is often introduced as a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Water, another electronegative precursor, is also likely to be present in many biomed ...
The Ionization Parameter A convenient way of thinking about the
... enters as the cube-root, so invoking small values of f does not make that much difference. Neither does changing the electron density: a factor of 10 decrease only increases the size by a factor of four. The broad line region is therefore only a few tenths of a light year! This is unresolvable with ...
... enters as the cube-root, so invoking small values of f does not make that much difference. Neither does changing the electron density: a factor of 10 decrease only increases the size by a factor of four. The broad line region is therefore only a few tenths of a light year! This is unresolvable with ...
Plasma densities from spacecraft potential
... The potential near a probe (Vn) is influenced by the potential of the long radial wire booms that are at spacecraft potential. According to modelling, for Debye lengths longer than the probe system, can (Vn – V0) be lifted to be approximately 18 % of (Vs – V0), where Vs is the spacecraft potential ...
... The potential near a probe (Vn) is influenced by the potential of the long radial wire booms that are at spacecraft potential. According to modelling, for Debye lengths longer than the probe system, can (Vn – V0) be lifted to be approximately 18 % of (Vs – V0), where Vs is the spacecraft potential ...
From eclipse drawings to the coronagraph and spectroscopy
... the Sun is a huge plasma laboratory dynamics of a magnetized plasma how do stars and galaxies produce magnetic fields? basic physical questions: e.g. the (solved) neutrino problem ...
... the Sun is a huge plasma laboratory dynamics of a magnetized plasma how do stars and galaxies produce magnetic fields? basic physical questions: e.g. the (solved) neutrino problem ...
PHYSICS 015
... resistance is very much more than you would have expected on classical physics grounds. ...
... resistance is very much more than you would have expected on classical physics grounds. ...
Inospheric Physics refresher
... and it forms___________________________________. 2. The Sun acts like a black body radiator at the temperature of _____________. The dayside ionospheric ionisation is mainly caused by __________________ radiation in the wavelength areas of _____________________________. The ____________ and ________ ...
... and it forms___________________________________. 2. The Sun acts like a black body radiator at the temperature of _____________. The dayside ionospheric ionisation is mainly caused by __________________ radiation in the wavelength areas of _____________________________. The ____________ and ________ ...
Solution
... 3. Fermi gases in astrophysics. (a) Given M ⊕ = 2 × 1033 g for the mass of the Sun, estimate the number of electrons in the Sun. In a white dwarf star this number of electrons may be ionized and contained in a sphere of radius 2 × 109 cm ; find the Fermi energy of the electrons in electron volts. (b ...
... 3. Fermi gases in astrophysics. (a) Given M ⊕ = 2 × 1033 g for the mass of the Sun, estimate the number of electrons in the Sun. In a white dwarf star this number of electrons may be ionized and contained in a sphere of radius 2 × 109 cm ; find the Fermi energy of the electrons in electron volts. (b ...
The Sun as the prime example of stellar structure and evolution
... • Photosphere • Chromosphere • Corona ...
... • Photosphere • Chromosphere • Corona ...
RAS_waves - University of Glasgow
... In the ‘standard’ flare model an electron beam accelerated in the corona transports energy to the chromosphere. Here we propose a wave-based alternative, motivated by the following: 1) Pre-flare energy storage => twisted field, so energy release => untwisting – i.e. an Alfvenic pulse. Consequences? ...
... In the ‘standard’ flare model an electron beam accelerated in the corona transports energy to the chromosphere. Here we propose a wave-based alternative, motivated by the following: 1) Pre-flare energy storage => twisted field, so energy release => untwisting – i.e. an Alfvenic pulse. Consequences? ...
Auger Effect in Biomedicine
... This leaves us with four vacancies in the M-shell that will continue this increasing cascade of electron ejection throughout the atom We now have 2 vacancies in the LThe two M-shell electrons shell that will be can emit two photons, which filled with M-shell can then knock out two more electrons M-s ...
... This leaves us with four vacancies in the M-shell that will continue this increasing cascade of electron ejection throughout the atom We now have 2 vacancies in the LThe two M-shell electrons shell that will be can emit two photons, which filled with M-shell can then knock out two more electrons M-s ...
Astronomy
... emitting spectrum has a very low density, exposed to a range of radiation fields and particles Populations of levels, ionization, spectrum, determined by many micro-physical processes Not characterized by a single temperature ...
... emitting spectrum has a very low density, exposed to a range of radiation fields and particles Populations of levels, ionization, spectrum, determined by many micro-physical processes Not characterized by a single temperature ...
approximate temperature of the corona
... A beautiful view of the magnetic field around the Sun The magnetic field of the Sun can be clearly seen affecting the shape of the corona, which spreads out an enormous distance from the Sun. The poles show the orientation of the Sun. A false eclipse or coronagraph view of the corona can be produced ...
... A beautiful view of the magnetic field around the Sun The magnetic field of the Sun can be clearly seen affecting the shape of the corona, which spreads out an enormous distance from the Sun. The poles show the orientation of the Sun. A false eclipse or coronagraph view of the corona can be produced ...
Corona discharge
In electricity, a corona discharge is an electrical discharge brought on by the ionization of a fluid surrounding a conductor that is electrically charged. Spontaneous corona discharges occur naturally in high-voltage systems unless care is taken to limit the electric field strength. The corona will occur when the strength (potential gradient) of the electric field around a conductor is high enough to form a conductive region, but not high enough to cause electrical breakdown or arcing to nearby objects. It is often seen as a bluish (or other color) glow in the air adjacent to pointed metal conductors carrying high voltages, and emits light by the same property as a gas discharge lamp. The ionized gas of a corona is chemically active. In air, this generates gases such as ozone (O3) and nitrogen oxide (NO), and in turn nitric oxide (NO2), and thus nitric acid if water vapor is present. Ozone is intentionally created this way in an ozone generator, otherwise, these highly corrosive substances are objectionable or hazardous, and are undesirable where they waste power in electrical systems. Controlled corona discharges are used in a variety of filtration, printing, and other processes.