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The African Sugar Industry – A frustrated Success Story
The African Sugar Industry – A frustrated Success Story

... similarly receive the lower guaranteed sugar price. In return the least developed country suppliers have been offered “unrestricted” access to the EU market, but only provided their combined exports do not increase by more than 25% p.a. This international context of a “managed” sugar economy is impo ...
The Country-Specific Nature of Apparel Elasticities and Impacts of
The Country-Specific Nature of Apparel Elasticities and Impacts of

... This Honors Project is brought to you for free and open access by the Economics Department at DigitalCommons@Macalester College. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Macalester College. For more information, please ...
The Next Generation of the Penn World Table
The Next Generation of the Penn World Table

... from real GDP measured from the production side. This emphasis is important because PWT8, for the first time, includes output-based real GDP, or real GDP o. Output-based real GDP was previously not feasible because its computation requires not only relative prices of consumption and investment, but ...
Globalization and the Welfare State in Western Europe
Globalization and the Welfare State in Western Europe

... Germany specializes in high-quality engineering intensive industries like machinery, luxury automobiles and chemicals (Streeck 1991); France specializes in large-scale technical industries like high-speed trains, satellites, rockets and nuclear power (Storper and Salais 1997); and Japan specializes ...
iii. quantitative restrictions
iii. quantitative restrictions

... There is no agreed definition in the WTO of what constitutes a "non-tariff measure" nor a "non-tariff barrier" neither is there consistency in the way both terms have been used in the past. Although both terms are often used interchangeably, the term "non-tariff measure" (NTM) has been preferred thr ...
The Next Generation of the Penn World Table
The Next Generation of the Penn World Table

... PWT8 we refer to this real GDP concept as GDPe to distinguish it from real GDP measured from the production side. This emphasis is important because PWT8, for the first time, includes output-based real GDP, or real GDPo. Output-based real GDP was previously not feasible because its computation requ ...
Refugees and “Missing” Arms Trade Gaia Narciso
Refugees and “Missing” Arms Trade Gaia Narciso

... which refugees migrate are likely to be involved in a conflict. This might affect the extent to which exports are recorded. We tackle this issue in four ways. First, we control for the quality of democracy in both the sending and the receiving country by using the Gastil index which measures politic ...
Regionalism and the Multilateral Trading System
Regionalism and the Multilateral Trading System

... Same effect for Korea (but with less commodities) Still after controlling for exchange rates and other factors, result holds …rather convincing evidence that for manufactures (differentiated products), preferential trade liberalization lowers prices or excluded countries. ...
Management & Engineering Countermeasures
Management & Engineering Countermeasures

... California and the small-ware industrial cluster in Yiwu, Zhejiang Province etc. However, in the real world, not all of the industrial cluster can bring the huge development for the areas, it even hurts the economy. This is because whatever economic development mode has to rely on the certain condit ...
Impact of India-ASEAN Free Trade Agreement:
Impact of India-ASEAN Free Trade Agreement:

... A. Objective of the study Against the above backdrop, the present study analysed the impact of the trade agreement on India and the ASEAN members. The study used the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) for this purpose. The GTAP model is a comparative, static multi-regional computable general equi ...
On the trade impact of nominal exchange rate volatility
On the trade impact of nominal exchange rate volatility

... the US, France). Two countries that have chosen to peg to the same anchor will therefore experience low bilateral exchange rate variability. I turn this observation into an identification strategy by first estimating the probability that two countries are pegged to the same anchor, and then using th ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES OF U.S. PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES OF U.S. PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH

... the smallest trade deficits, while computer accessories and telecommunication equipment have the largest deficits. By 2000 the combined trade deficit in these IT sectors was $57 billion, or fully 17 percent of the non-oil U.S. trade deficit that year. In subsequent years U.S. government industry cla ...
Method: Finite Mixture Regression model
Method: Finite Mixture Regression model

... the “average” country is not representative, then parameter averages will tell us little about the values that matter for any particular country. The most common method for addressing heterogeneous growth is including regional dummy variables or country fixed effects when panel data are available. T ...
A theory of capabilities for productive transformation: Learning
A theory of capabilities for productive transformation: Learning

... The framework defines a wide scope for industrial policies as they are challenged with promoting the co-evolution of the two interrelated processes of building capabilities for productive transformation in a learning process, and accumulating productive capacities through investment in production fa ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY Gene M. Grossman
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY Gene M. Grossman

... During the 1980’s and early 1990’s, the United States and several European countries expressed strong dissatisfaction with what they deemed to be inadequate protection of intellectual property in many developing countries. The developed countries made the upgrading of intellectual property rights (I ...
Refugees and “Missing” Arms Trade Gaia Narciso (Trinity College Dublin & IIIS
Refugees and “Missing” Arms Trade Gaia Narciso (Trinity College Dublin & IIIS

... Millions of people are killed or wounded by small arms each year. According to a report by the UK's Department of International Development (2003), small arms and light weapons act as a “multiplier of violence”: the availability of arms escalates civil wars, puts at risk people's lives and instigate ...
Refugees and Refugees and ““““M M
Refugees and Refugees and ““““M M

... Millions of people are killed or wounded by small arms each year. According to a report by the UK's Department of International Development (2003), small arms and light weapons act as a “multiplier of violence”: the availability of arms escalates civil wars, puts at risk people's lives and instigate ...
Dr Narongchai Akrasanee, Chair of Seranee Holdings, Thailand
Dr Narongchai Akrasanee, Chair of Seranee Holdings, Thailand

... , GMS – From Battle Field to Market Place , Expanding to ASEAN 10 ...
Do Countries Default in Bad Times?
Do Countries Default in Bad Times?

... countries violate their foreign debt contracts only in “bad times,” when domestic output is low, or do some default even when their domestic economy is performing well? The answers to these questions are important for understanding the degree to which default conveys insurance against economic adver ...
PDF
PDF

... is explicitly prohibited from being considered as an advanced biofuel (EIA, 2012), two options seem likely. First, increase the quantities of sugarcane-based ethanol through imports, a classified advanced biofuel (EIA, 2012). Second option would be to increase the production of biodiesel in excess o ...
S2005998_en.pdf
S2005998_en.pdf

... Concern about a resurgence of protectionism in world markets ............................................. 121 A. Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. ...
Complete Foundation Tier Q Booklet File
Complete Foundation Tier Q Booklet File

... Explain why governments may wish to control the number of migrants entering their country.(2) Identify one reason why some people move to another country.(1) Suggest two reasons why many countries have experienced a fall in birth rate.(2) Describe two methods governments can use to change the number ...
The Importance of Manufacturing in Economic - unu
The Importance of Manufacturing in Economic - unu

... international technology spillovers. They do not pay for the full costs of R&D embodied in imported machinery8, equipment and inputs (rent spillovers) and they can learn about ...
PDF
PDF

... will bid up the price of the coupons to P-C for each coupon unit. Production at Q will be undertaken at minimum cost (factor prices will be equal to the value of marginal products net of the coupon price) and will be efficient in that sense. The economy does experience a loss because it places a hig ...
Dynamic Models of International Environmental - ERI-CES
Dynamic Models of International Environmental - ERI-CES

... requirement.6 They obtain that the open-loop Nash equilibrium underestimates the damage of not coordinating environmental policies. The intuition is as follows. An individual country that is considering to emit a marginal amount more causes an increase in the stock of pollution for all countries con ...
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Internationalization

In economics, internationalization is the process of increasing involvement of enterprises in international markets, although there is no agreed definition of internationalization. There are several internationalization theories which try to explain why there are international activities.
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