The next production revolution
... Production in OECD economies today is no longer just about manufacturing. While manufacturing still matters and occupies a central role in OECD economies by orchestrating GVCs across different countries, industries and products, value creation in OECD production increasingly stems from preand post- ...
... Production in OECD economies today is no longer just about manufacturing. While manufacturing still matters and occupies a central role in OECD economies by orchestrating GVCs across different countries, industries and products, value creation in OECD production increasingly stems from preand post- ...
Comparative advantage, demand for external finance, and financial
... external finance. Countries specializing in financially dependent goods will have a high demand for external finance and thus a high level of financial intermediation. In contrast, the financial system will be less developed in countries that specialize in goods not requiring external finance. This paper ...
... external finance. Countries specializing in financially dependent goods will have a high demand for external finance and thus a high level of financial intermediation. In contrast, the financial system will be less developed in countries that specialize in goods not requiring external finance. This paper ...
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... change in prices and food consumption, even if inelastic, will suffer from these changes. Since agricultural products (crops but also fibers and animal products such as leather) are important inputs for many sectors, the changes in their prices will affect other sectors. All these channels require t ...
... change in prices and food consumption, even if inelastic, will suffer from these changes. Since agricultural products (crops but also fibers and animal products such as leather) are important inputs for many sectors, the changes in their prices will affect other sectors. All these channels require t ...
Does Geographical Diversification in International Trade Reduce
... shows that trade openness and output volatility also share a non-linear relationship; trade openness increases output volatility up to a threshold level of openness, estimated at around trade/GDP ratio of 88 percent, after which level increases in openness reduce output volatility. In addition, it d ...
... shows that trade openness and output volatility also share a non-linear relationship; trade openness increases output volatility up to a threshold level of openness, estimated at around trade/GDP ratio of 88 percent, after which level increases in openness reduce output volatility. In addition, it d ...
nasscom
... • Visa Requirements (contd.) – Cumbersome procedure for issuance of work permits • Time frame of 2 weeks to 3 to 4 months, or even longer! ...
... • Visa Requirements (contd.) – Cumbersome procedure for issuance of work permits • Time frame of 2 weeks to 3 to 4 months, or even longer! ...
Presentation Outline
... Note: Net private capital inflows exclude FDI flows and government and monetary authority transactions from “other” inflows and outflows. Net NKI restricting measures is the difference between NKI reducing capital control actions (inflow tightenings and outflow easings) and NKI increasing actions (i ...
... Note: Net private capital inflows exclude FDI flows and government and monetary authority transactions from “other” inflows and outflows. Net NKI restricting measures is the difference between NKI reducing capital control actions (inflow tightenings and outflow easings) and NKI increasing actions (i ...
TABLE OF CONTENTS
... Trade liberalisation and government initiatives to improve the investment and business climates are most beneficial if introduced on a country-wide basis. EPZs provide a combination of financial incentives, streamlined business administration and trade liberalisation to a subset of the economy often ...
... Trade liberalisation and government initiatives to improve the investment and business climates are most beneficial if introduced on a country-wide basis. EPZs provide a combination of financial incentives, streamlined business administration and trade liberalisation to a subset of the economy often ...
Fiscal Federalism in Planned Economies
... The closed nature of these economies takes away the role of competition altogether. In these economies, the advantages arising from the ‘magnitude’ and ‘littleness’ of nations attributed to federations by Alexis de Toqueville over a century ago does not simply accrue. In these economies, there is no ...
... The closed nature of these economies takes away the role of competition altogether. In these economies, the advantages arising from the ‘magnitude’ and ‘littleness’ of nations attributed to federations by Alexis de Toqueville over a century ago does not simply accrue. In these economies, there is no ...
“Measured Aggregate Gains from International Trade”
... equal, up to a first-order approximation, to changes in consumption deflators (and hence welfare-based price indices, under the assumptions of the second result). Based on these theoretical results, we consider three quantitative applications using a two-country calibrated Melitz-style model with en ...
... equal, up to a first-order approximation, to changes in consumption deflators (and hence welfare-based price indices, under the assumptions of the second result). Based on these theoretical results, we consider three quantitative applications using a two-country calibrated Melitz-style model with en ...
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... them to fully benefit of the opportunities generated by multilateral agreements, given their lack of capacity to comply with standards and controls (Michalopoulos, 1999). Considering that the EU is a major importer of agro-food products from developing countries, this paper explores some of the infl ...
... them to fully benefit of the opportunities generated by multilateral agreements, given their lack of capacity to comply with standards and controls (Michalopoulos, 1999). Considering that the EU is a major importer of agro-food products from developing countries, this paper explores some of the infl ...
________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ CREDIT Research Paper
... enhance the competitiveness of existing producers, whether import-competing or traditional exports. In an ACP context, this means addressing the primary sector, especially agriculture, and more generally considering the import side of any trade policy (Morrissey, 2005). This is especially relevant t ...
... enhance the competitiveness of existing producers, whether import-competing or traditional exports. In an ACP context, this means addressing the primary sector, especially agriculture, and more generally considering the import side of any trade policy (Morrissey, 2005). This is especially relevant t ...
Do Hub-and-Spoke Free Trade Agreements Increase Trade? A
... FTA-hub country grow by 5.57% per year and double after 12.4 years. The intuition behind the result can be explained through a simple framework as follows. Consider a three-country trade model where countries A, B, and C trade with one another for all products. Suppose that A and B form an FTA. This ...
... FTA-hub country grow by 5.57% per year and double after 12.4 years. The intuition behind the result can be explained through a simple framework as follows. Consider a three-country trade model where countries A, B, and C trade with one another for all products. Suppose that A and B form an FTA. This ...
Estimating the Constraints to Developing Countries Trade
... exporters, appears to be more limited and is due to reliability rather than availability. In contrast with findings for other groups, the telecommunication infrastructure also contributes to the trade performance and economic growth of SVEs. The impact on trade is smaller than for other types of inf ...
... exporters, appears to be more limited and is due to reliability rather than availability. In contrast with findings for other groups, the telecommunication infrastructure also contributes to the trade performance and economic growth of SVEs. The impact on trade is smaller than for other types of inf ...
pro-poor industrialization strategies revisited
... engage in. Close ties with local agricultural activities lower the transaction costs for the use of agricultural inputs. Moreover, if the local network for marketing the agro-products works effectively, these unit costs become cheaper. In the same vein, if agricultural products are part of the globa ...
... engage in. Close ties with local agricultural activities lower the transaction costs for the use of agricultural inputs. Moreover, if the local network for marketing the agro-products works effectively, these unit costs become cheaper. In the same vein, if agricultural products are part of the globa ...
The distance puzzle: on the interpretation of the distance coefficient
... According to the gravity model of foreign trade, trade between two countries is proportional to the size of their markets, and it is inversely related to geographical distance between the markets.1 Whereas the foreign trade literature has interpreted the distance coefficient as evidence for the pres ...
... According to the gravity model of foreign trade, trade between two countries is proportional to the size of their markets, and it is inversely related to geographical distance between the markets.1 Whereas the foreign trade literature has interpreted the distance coefficient as evidence for the pres ...
Chapter - 3 PUBLIC MANAGEMENT REFORMS IN DEVELOPING
... Culture is ‘shared values and beliefs’of geographical areas .The success of implementation of the NPM can be possible only if the adopted reform strategies compliment the particular cultural characteristics of the country (Pillay, 2008). If we view organizations as social groups “infused with values ...
... Culture is ‘shared values and beliefs’of geographical areas .The success of implementation of the NPM can be possible only if the adopted reform strategies compliment the particular cultural characteristics of the country (Pillay, 2008). If we view organizations as social groups “infused with values ...
Real Exchange Rate Distortion in Southeast Europe
... are several restrictive assumptions such as the Law of One Price (LOOP) secured by perfectly competitive free international trade and the equal composition of price baskets throughout the world. Moreover and most important, productivity driven differences in the price levels of non-tradable goods in ...
... are several restrictive assumptions such as the Law of One Price (LOOP) secured by perfectly competitive free international trade and the equal composition of price baskets throughout the world. Moreover and most important, productivity driven differences in the price levels of non-tradable goods in ...
Economic Consequences of the Doha Round For
... industrialised countries, including Ireland itself. In the case of liberalisation by both industrialised and developing countries, however, there is a term of trade loss. Increased imports into developing countries, stimulated by improved trade efficiency, will lead to greater competition on export ...
... industrialised countries, including Ireland itself. In the case of liberalisation by both industrialised and developing countries, however, there is a term of trade loss. Increased imports into developing countries, stimulated by improved trade efficiency, will lead to greater competition on export ...
Trade Elasticities - European Commission
... markets. At least in a conventional CES demand system, there is a tight link between stuctural parameters and reduced form price elasticites. In this paper, we describe and implement a structural methodology to estimate the price elasticities of imports and exports. The approach builds on a multi-co ...
... markets. At least in a conventional CES demand system, there is a tight link between stuctural parameters and reduced form price elasticites. In this paper, we describe and implement a structural methodology to estimate the price elasticities of imports and exports. The approach builds on a multi-co ...
Trade in Goods and Services and Economic Growth
... balanced growth, whereas in this paper manufacturing and the services sectors grow (rather are ‘allowed’ to grow) at different rates and we ask how (free) international trade impacts on the growth performance of these sectors individually. Third, whereas in Grossman-Helpman’s work, technological inn ...
... balanced growth, whereas in this paper manufacturing and the services sectors grow (rather are ‘allowed’ to grow) at different rates and we ask how (free) international trade impacts on the growth performance of these sectors individually. Third, whereas in Grossman-Helpman’s work, technological inn ...
Causality between Capital Flow, Human Capital
... have developed models in which steady growth can be generated endogenously – i.e., can occur without any exogenous technical progress –at rates that may depend upon taste and technology parameters and also tax policy. Endogenous growth theory highlights the fact that if productivity is to increase, ...
... have developed models in which steady growth can be generated endogenously – i.e., can occur without any exogenous technical progress –at rates that may depend upon taste and technology parameters and also tax policy. Endogenous growth theory highlights the fact that if productivity is to increase, ...
Document
... would lead to an increase in domestic welfare if the terms of the trade rectangle exceed the sum of the (a) revenue effect plus redistribution effect. (b) protective effect plus revenue effect. (c) consumption effect plus redistribution effect. (d) protective distortion effect plus consumption disto ...
... would lead to an increase in domestic welfare if the terms of the trade rectangle exceed the sum of the (a) revenue effect plus redistribution effect. (b) protective effect plus revenue effect. (c) consumption effect plus redistribution effect. (d) protective distortion effect plus consumption disto ...