Patents and Trademarks Laws
... -However possibility of arriving competitors on the market (different molecule with identical efficiency) Exclusivity for orphan drugs -7-year monopoly over the U.S. -10 years in Europe and Japan Slide 21 ...
... -However possibility of arriving competitors on the market (different molecule with identical efficiency) Exclusivity for orphan drugs -7-year monopoly over the U.S. -10 years in Europe and Japan Slide 21 ...
International Trade Restrictions
... The infant-industry argument is that it is necessary to protect a new industry from import competition to enable it to grow into a mature industry that can compete in world markets. This argument is based on the concept of dynamic competitive advantage, which can arise from learning-bydoing. Learnin ...
... The infant-industry argument is that it is necessary to protect a new industry from import competition to enable it to grow into a mature industry that can compete in world markets. This argument is based on the concept of dynamic competitive advantage, which can arise from learning-bydoing. Learnin ...
Primary-Export-Led Growth: The Evidence of Ghana
... and the factor proportions - an abundance of land relative to labour and capital - create a comparative advantage in resource-intensive exports, or staples. Economic development will involve diversification around this export base. The central concept of the staple theory, thus, is the impact of exp ...
... and the factor proportions - an abundance of land relative to labour and capital - create a comparative advantage in resource-intensive exports, or staples. Economic development will involve diversification around this export base. The central concept of the staple theory, thus, is the impact of exp ...
Foreign Direct Investment in Central and Eastern Europe
... Bulgaria, Croatia, Serbia and Ukraine have positive fixed effects as they all exhibit much higher levels of FDI as a share of GDP than can be explained by the other variables in our model. For Bulgaria, this effect adds 6.9% to the level of FDI as a share of GDP, equivalent to a boost to inward FDI ...
... Bulgaria, Croatia, Serbia and Ukraine have positive fixed effects as they all exhibit much higher levels of FDI as a share of GDP than can be explained by the other variables in our model. For Bulgaria, this effect adds 6.9% to the level of FDI as a share of GDP, equivalent to a boost to inward FDI ...
research paper series Research Paper 2006/12
... Kreickemeier and Nelson (2006), look at unemployment rather than wage effects of globalisation and technological change. In all these papers, the “EU versus U.S.” dichotomy figures prominently, where typically it is assumed that labour markets in the U.S. are more flexible than those in Europe, and ...
... Kreickemeier and Nelson (2006), look at unemployment rather than wage effects of globalisation and technological change. In all these papers, the “EU versus U.S.” dichotomy figures prominently, where typically it is assumed that labour markets in the U.S. are more flexible than those in Europe, and ...
... The main objective of the theoretical section of the paper is to relate the MTRI to the TRI and to standard atheoretic measures. In particular, we show how changes in both indexes can be characterised fully in terms of changes in two summary measures of the tariff structure, which we call the gener ...
TECHNOLOGY AND THE DYNAMICS OF SPECIALIZATION IN
... today's politicians seem to think that it is part of their job to identify these technologies and to make sure their home economy gets its fair share in each of them. This theme was swiftly taken up by economic theorists who have since the mid-1980s devised various new approaches to modelling the no ...
... today's politicians seem to think that it is part of their job to identify these technologies and to make sure their home economy gets its fair share in each of them. This theme was swiftly taken up by economic theorists who have since the mid-1980s devised various new approaches to modelling the no ...
The Margins of Global Sourcing: Theory and
... shock induces a range of U.S. firms to select into sourcing from China, and on average, these firms increase their input purchases not only from China, but also from the U.S. and other countries. The existence of gross changes in sourcing that operate in different directions is a distinctive feature ...
... shock induces a range of U.S. firms to select into sourcing from China, and on average, these firms increase their input purchases not only from China, but also from the U.S. and other countries. The existence of gross changes in sourcing that operate in different directions is a distinctive feature ...
CHAPTER 17
... FOREIGN EXCHANGE is the currency of another country needed for international transactions. 1. Residents of one country demand foreign exchange to buy imported goods and services or to invest in another country. 2. The supply of foreign exchange comes from exports of goods and services or the remitta ...
... FOREIGN EXCHANGE is the currency of another country needed for international transactions. 1. Residents of one country demand foreign exchange to buy imported goods and services or to invest in another country. 2. The supply of foreign exchange comes from exports of goods and services or the remitta ...
Disclosing international trade dependencies in environmental
... product composition of domestic output will increasingly differ from the product composition of domestic consumption. The environmental impacts of trade liberalisation are subject to ongoing debate. The Ecological Footprint indicator reflects perhaps a most radical viewpoint since an ecological foo ...
... product composition of domestic output will increasingly differ from the product composition of domestic consumption. The environmental impacts of trade liberalisation are subject to ongoing debate. The Ecological Footprint indicator reflects perhaps a most radical viewpoint since an ecological foo ...
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
... can have on behalf of and for the cause of NAFTA. It is extremely important to keep three useful concepts to keep in mind when considering the incorporation of it via NAFTA: “Asset Dollarization - The term Asset Dollarization refers to the use of foreign currency in any of the three functions of mo ...
... can have on behalf of and for the cause of NAFTA. It is extremely important to keep three useful concepts to keep in mind when considering the incorporation of it via NAFTA: “Asset Dollarization - The term Asset Dollarization refers to the use of foreign currency in any of the three functions of mo ...
Avoiding the Trap: The Dynamic Interaction of North
... the share of intermediate goods imports in GDP by the share of imported capital in GDP and by the distance to the technology frontier. Their approach takes into account that foreign firms likely import advanced capital goods (from their home countries). MayerFoulkes and Nunnenkamp (2008) show which ...
... the share of intermediate goods imports in GDP by the share of imported capital in GDP and by the distance to the technology frontier. Their approach takes into account that foreign firms likely import advanced capital goods (from their home countries). MayerFoulkes and Nunnenkamp (2008) show which ...
Measuring Foreign Assistance`s Contribution to Economic Growth in
... assistance contribute to economic growth in less developed countries? Modern foreign assistance arose from the ashes of the Second World War with the ...
... assistance contribute to economic growth in less developed countries? Modern foreign assistance arose from the ashes of the Second World War with the ...
The Rise of Offshoring: It`s Not Wine for Cloth Anymore
... intermediate inputs or partially processed goods was slow and costly. The economic geography of the time pointed to agglomeration in production, not fragmentation. Specialization implied geographic concentration. So, factories produced goods, which were shipped to final consumers. If the consumers h ...
... intermediate inputs or partially processed goods was slow and costly. The economic geography of the time pointed to agglomeration in production, not fragmentation. Specialization implied geographic concentration. So, factories produced goods, which were shipped to final consumers. If the consumers h ...
Endogenous Trade Bloc Formation in an Asymmetric World
... in South America for example. Free trade areas (FTAs), however, have usually been preferred. In the 1990s alone, almost every region of the world has witnessed the formation of a FTA: the North American FTA, the ‘Group of Three’ in South America, the Central European FTA, and the ASEAN FTA in Asia. ...
... in South America for example. Free trade areas (FTAs), however, have usually been preferred. In the 1990s alone, almost every region of the world has witnessed the formation of a FTA: the North American FTA, the ‘Group of Three’ in South America, the Central European FTA, and the ASEAN FTA in Asia. ...
Jaimovich, D. (2010) A Bayesian Spatial Probit Estimation of Free Trade Agreement Contagion
... As for the other variables used in the estimation, the GDP data are taken from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators (WDI), and the capital-labor ratio are extracted from the same source as Baier and Bergstrand (2004). To build the respective control variables, I use the oldest datum availab ...
... As for the other variables used in the estimation, the GDP data are taken from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators (WDI), and the capital-labor ratio are extracted from the same source as Baier and Bergstrand (2004). To build the respective control variables, I use the oldest datum availab ...
Gravity with Gravitas: A Solution to the Border Puzzle
... Moreover, even if distance were the only bilateral barrier, its functional form in the remoteness index is at odds with the theory.1 The lack of theoretical foundation of empirical gravity equations has two important implications. First, estimation results are biased due to omitted variables. Second ...
... Moreover, even if distance were the only bilateral barrier, its functional form in the remoteness index is at odds with the theory.1 The lack of theoretical foundation of empirical gravity equations has two important implications. First, estimation results are biased due to omitted variables. Second ...
Positive and Negative Effects of Financial Development on Export
... 1 extreme value distribution. Let δd be the ratio of the price level in country d relative to the price level in Importer. The price of good ω 0 relative to the Importer’s price level is then pd (ω 0 ) = δd p̃I (ω 0 ). The demand for good ω 0 imported by Importer from country d is then given by ...
... 1 extreme value distribution. Let δd be the ratio of the price level in country d relative to the price level in Importer. The price of good ω 0 relative to the Importer’s price level is then pd (ω 0 ) = δd p̃I (ω 0 ). The demand for good ω 0 imported by Importer from country d is then given by ...
Dudley, Charlotte - Workspace
... The WTO is ultimately a trade forum, so its prime focus is on trade relationships. The case study on ISPM 15 shows how the WTO and its members need to interact with external protocols in order to make sure free trade does not come at the cost of the environment. As a result of ISPM 15, there has bee ...
... The WTO is ultimately a trade forum, so its prime focus is on trade relationships. The case study on ISPM 15 shows how the WTO and its members need to interact with external protocols in order to make sure free trade does not come at the cost of the environment. As a result of ISPM 15, there has bee ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES Timothy J. Kehoe Kim J. Ruhl
... implemented a series of market-oriented reforms that culminated in the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994. These reforms included fiscal reforms, privatization of government operated firms, and opening the economy to trade and foreign investment. In spite of th ...
... implemented a series of market-oriented reforms that culminated in the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994. These reforms included fiscal reforms, privatization of government operated firms, and opening the economy to trade and foreign investment. In spite of th ...
Why Have Economic Reforms in Mexico Not Generated Growth?
... implemented a series of market-oriented reforms that culminated in the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994. These reforms included fiscal reforms, privatization of government operated firms, and opening the economy to trade and foreign investment. In spite of th ...
... implemented a series of market-oriented reforms that culminated in the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994. These reforms included fiscal reforms, privatization of government operated firms, and opening the economy to trade and foreign investment. In spite of th ...
Why Have Economic Reforms in Mexico Not Generated Growth?*
... implemented a series of market-oriented reforms that culminated in the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994. These reforms included fiscal reforms, privatization of government operated firms, and opening the economy to trade and foreign investment. In spite of th ...
... implemented a series of market-oriented reforms that culminated in the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994. These reforms included fiscal reforms, privatization of government operated firms, and opening the economy to trade and foreign investment. In spite of th ...