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FOUNDATION TIER
PAST PAPER
QUESTIONS
PAPER 1 - RESTLESS EARTH
Describe two ways a region affected by earthquakes can prepare for this hazard (4)
State two immediate responses in managing tectonic hazards (eg earthquake or volcanic eruption (2)
Suggest two reasons why the number of deaths vary between earthquakes (4)
Describe two ways people can prepare for volcanic eruptions before they happen.(4)
State one immediate response to a volcanic eruption. (1)
Describe two ways in which a region affected by volcanic eruptions or earthquakes can prepare for this
hazard (4)
Give one threat resulting from volcanic eruptions. (1)
What is a destructive plate boundary? (2)
Describe two actions that can be taken to reduce the impact of earthquakes (4)
Outline one way buildings can be built to survive an earthquake. (2)
Describe two methods that can be used to predict when a volcano is likely to erupt. (4)
Give two secondary impacts often caused by volcanic eruptions (2)
For a named earthquake or volcanic eruption, describe the immediate response and relief efforts. (4)
Give two likely immediate responses to an earthquake. (2)
For an earthquake in a named location, describe the primary impacts on property and people. (4)
Describe the layered structure of the Earth’s interior. (4)
PAPER 1 - CLIMATE AND CHANGE
Give one impact of melting ice sheets on the environment (1)
State two possible impacts of climate change in the UK (2)
Describe two natural causes of climate change (4)
State two impacts of colder periods, such as the Little Ice Age (2)
Describe how two human activities can contribute to climate change (4)
Give two reasons why the amount of CO2 from using fossil fuels has increased in recent years. (2)
For a named country, suggest two possible impacts of higher global temperatures. (4)
Describe one human activity that has led to an increase in greenhouse gases. (2)
Suggest two possible economic impacts of future climate change in the UK (4)
Identify one greenhouse gas, other than carbon dioxide. (1)
Identify two types of evidence that can be used to show climate change is taking place. (2)
Describe two ways human activity can lead to climate change. (4)
Describe two challenges the UK is likely to face as a result of climate change. (4)
Name two greenhouse gases. (2)
Describe two possible economic impacts of climate change in a named developing country.(4)
Give two impacts of past climate change, such as the ‘Little Ice Age’, on the environment. (2)
Describe the pattern of temperature and rainfall in the UK (4)
Describe the possible environmental impacts of future climate change in the UK (4)
Explain why the UK’s climate might change in the future (4)
PAPER 1 - BATTLE FOR THE BIOSPHERE
Give one service provided by the biosphere (1)
Describe two ways of conserving threatened environments (4)
Outline how one human activity has damaged the biosphere (2)
Describe two ways in which people are trying to conserve the biosphere (4)
Give one reason why deforestation is occurring in countries such as Brazil (1)
Name one product (goods) and one service provided by the biosphere (2)
Describe two management measures that can be used to conserve the biosphere (4)
The biosphere acts as a life support system for the planet. Describe two ways in which it does this (4)
Name two goods provided by the biosphere. (2)
For a named biome, describe two ways it has been damaged by human activity. (4)
Outline one reason why tropical rainforests are found on or close to the equator. (2)
Describe two management measures used to conserve the biosphere. (4)
Other than deforestation, outline one threat to the biosphere. (2)
Describe two different management methods that can be used to conserve the biosphere. (4)
Define the term biome (1)
Describe how people use two different types of goods produced by the biosphere (4)
Explain two ways the biosphere can be conserved (4)
PAPER 1 - WATER WORLD
Give two effects of water pollution (2)
Describe two impacts of water shortages on people (4)
Outline one impact of unreliable water supply on people (2)
Describe how two human activities can result in a decline of water quality (4)
Identify two stores in the hydrological system (2)
For a named water management project, describe two ways it has benefited local
People (4)
Outline one human activity that can lead to a decline in water quality (2)
For a named vulnerable area, describe two problems caused by an unreliable or insufficient water supply
(4)
Outline one benefit of using intermediate technology to improve water supply. (2)
Describe two human activities that can lead to a reduction in water quality. (4)
Outline one reason why some villages in the developing world have experienced water shortages.(2)
Describe two problems caused by a named large-scale water management project. (4)
Identify two human activities that can lead to a decline in water quality. (2)
Describe two benefits of a named large-scale water management project. (4)
2015: Outline one possible impact on people of a limited water supply.(2)
2015: Describe two human activities that disrupt water supplies.(4)
2015: Small-scale water management schemes often use intermediate technology. Using a named
example, describe two benefits of using intermediate technology (4)
PAPER 1 - COASTAL CHANGE AND CONFLICT
Name the physical process that moves beach material along the coastline (1)
Explain the formation of a spit. Use Figure 5b to help your answer (6)
For a named location, describe the problems caused by coastal retreat (6)
Spurn Head has been created by longshore drift. Outline the process of longshore drift. You may use a
diagram to help your answer (2)
Name two processes of coastal erosion (2)
Explain how the rate of coastal retreat (erosion) can be managed (6)
State one problem cliff collapse could cause for local people (1)
Give two disadvantages of using hard engineering to manage coastal erosion. (2)
For a named hard rock coast, explain the development of its coastal landforms (6)
Using examples, describe the costs and benefits of using hard engineering to manage coastal retreat. (6)
For a named coast (either hard or soft rock), describe its main features. (6)
Explain how the processes of weathering and erosion cause coastal retreat. You may draw a diagram to
help your answer. (6)
2015: Outline one way in which more storms could affect marine erosion (2)
2015: Give two benefits of using hard engineering to manage a coastline (2)
2015: For a named coastline, explain the impact of coastal retreat on local communities (6)
PAPER 1 - OCEANS ON THE EDGE
For a named marine ecosystem, describe one way it has been damaged (2)
Using examples, describe how marine ecosystems can be managed sustainably (6)
Describe one way climate change is affecting marine ecosystems (2)
For a named local-scale marine ecosystem, explain why it is under pressure (6)
Suggest two reasons why many fish stocks have fallen (2)
Describe how climate change may damage marine ecosystems (6)
Name one human activity that is degrading marine ecosystems (1)
Using examples, explain how marine ecosystems can be managed (6)
.
Suggest two sources of marine pollution. (2)
Using examples, explain how marine ecosystems can be sustainably managed. (6)
What does a food web show? (1)
For a named location, describe the management measures that have been taken to prevent marine
ecosystem damage. (6)
Other than oil pollution, outline how one human activity has damaged marine ecosystems. (2)
For an area you have studied, explain how marine management measures help to protect the
environment.(6)
2015: Give two threats to marine ecosystems (2)
2015: Outline one reason for the decline in either coral reefs or mangrove swamps over the past 50 years
(2)
2015: Using examples, explain how marine ecosystems can be managed sustainably (6)
PAPER 2 – POPULATION DYNAMICS
Explain why governments may wish to control the number of migrants entering their country.(2)
Identify one reason why some people move to another country.(1)
Suggest two reasons why many countries have experienced a fall in birth rate.(2)
Describe two methods governments can use to change the numbers of migrants arriving in a country.(2)
Outline one reason why some governments wish to control population size.(2)
Name a country that has an anti-natal policy.(1)
Give two reasons why a country may have an ageing population.(2)
Outline either one social or one economic issue resulting from an ageing population.(2)
Explain one reason why some countries have a high birth rate.(2)
Outline two reasons why some countries have open-door policies to attract migrants from abroad.(2)
Explain why a youthful population may be a disadvantage for a country.(2)
Outline one reason why mortality (death) rates are rising in some countries.(2)
Describe how skills tests are used to limit the numbers of migrants allowed into a country.(3)
State two characteristics of the population pyramids of very poor developing countries.(2)
Outline one way of encouraging women to have fewer children.(2)
Outline one reason why, in some countries, parents want large families.(2)
Outline one reason why death rates have risen in some countries in recent years.(2)
Outline one reason why some governments encourage women to have more children. (2)
2015: State two changes which happen during Stage 3 of the demographic transition Model (2)
2015: Describe two ways in which the age structure may vary between countries at different levels of
development (4)
2015: For a named country, explain how it is attempting to increase the birth rate (4)
PAPER 2 – CONSUMING RESOURCES
Name one example of a renewable energy source.(1)
Suggest two reasons why the consumption of a named resource might fall in the future.(2)
Suggest two reasons why resource consumption is low in some countries. (2)
Describe Malthus’s theory about population growth and resources.(2)
What is meant by the term non-renewable resources?(2)
Identify a developing country with a rapidly rising demand for resources.(1)
Outline why the demand for one named resource is increasing.(2)
Name one non-renewable resource.(1)
Give two reasons why resource consumption is high in developed countries.(2)
Outline one way in which a non-renewable resource can be replaced by renewable resources.(2)
Explain one reason why population growth might be a good thing for a country.(2)
Describe two ways of reducing the demand for a named resource.(2)
Explain why using renewable resources is more sustainable than using non-renewable resources.(2)
Describe how developing renewable resources might help achieve sustainability.(3)
Oil is an example of a non-renewable resource. Name one other non-renewable resource. (1)
For a named global resource describe its pattern of supply. (3)
Named resource: …………………………………………………….
Explain why some resources may never run out. (3)
2015: Outline one reason for the increasing use of renewable resources (2)
2015: Describe two ways in which governments manage resource consumption through recycling (4)
2015: Describe the Malthusian theory about the relationship between population and resources (food
supply). You may use a diagram in your answer (4)
PAPER 2 – GLOBALISATION
Outline the factors that have helped international trade grow so rapidly over the last 50 years. (4)
Explain how the growth of secondary sector employment in developing countries can bring both benefits
and problems. (4)
Toyota opened a car factory in Derby in the UK in 1992. Suggest two benefits this may have brought to
local people. (2)
Suggest reasons why:
 Toyota’s research and development sites are mostly in developed countries.
 Toyota locates some factories in developing countries.
(4)
Describe the negative impacts of globalisation on people in the developing world. (4)
Suggest two reasons why some companies outsource.(2)
Give three reasons why some companies move production overseas. (3)
Using examples, describe the advantages and disadvantages brought by global shifts in production.(4)
Outline two environmental effects of economic changes in developed countries, such as deindustrialisation.(2)
Define ‘Transnational Corporation’ (1)
Outline two reasons why transnational corporations such as McDonalds may wish to change their products
in certain countries.(2)
Describe how the growth of secondary sector employment in developing countries can bring both benefits
and problems. (4)
Outline the positive and negative impacts of globalisation on different groups of people. (4)
Describe how state-led investment can lead to both benefits and problems for the host country (4)
Describe how outsourcing can affect different countries in different ways (4)
2015: What is meant by the term tertiary sector? (2)
2015: Outline two reasons why foreign direct investment has grown over the past 50
Years (4)
2015: Describe the impact of globalisation on different groups of people in the developing world (4)
PAPER 2 – DEVELOPMENT DILEMMAS
Describe the positive and negative impacts of a named top-down development project. (4)
Explain how Rostow’s modernisation theory helps us understand how countries develop. (4)
Other than income, state two ways that the level of development of a country could be measured. (2)
Explain why levels of development are often very low in rural areas in developing countries. (4)
Suggest two reasons why top-down projects, such as the Three Gorges Dam, have been criticised.(2)
Describe the impact of one ‘top-down’ project on different groups of people.(4)
Outline two barriers to development for a country such as Zimbabwe (4)
Suggest two reasons why some parts of a country are richer than others.(2)
For a named country, describe the differences between the urban cores and the rural periphery.(4)
Suggest two reasons why urban incomes are often higher than rural incomes.(2)
Outline how rising social and economic needs can impact on the natural environment.(3)
Identify two features of bottom-up development projects.(3)
Describe the differences between top-down and bottom-up development schemes.(4)
State two characteristics of bottom-up strategies (2)
Describe Rostow’s Modernisation theory (4)
For a named developing country in Sub-Saharan Africa, describe its recent economic development (4)
PAPER 2 – CHANGING UK ECONOMY
Outline one environmental impact of a decrease in manufacturing (secondary) (2)
Describe one feature of a brownfield site. (2)
Using named examples, explain the advantages and disadvantages of developing greenfield sites. (6)
Suggest one reason why the number of women in the UK workforce has increased over the last 50 years.
(2)
Describe two impacts of deindustrialisation on the environment.(4)
Describe the impacts of changing working practices on different groups of people (4)
For two contrasting UK regions, compare their industrial structure. (6)
Using examples, describe changes in tertiary and quaternary employment in the UK (6)
Describe the impacts of changing employment trends on one UK region you have studied (6)
Describe one problem of developing a brownfield site (2)
Explain the changes in the structure of the workforce of the UK in the past 50 years (6)
PAPER 2 - CHALLENGES OF AN URBAN WORLD
Outline the transport challenges facing many developed world cities. (2)
Describe two differences between the formal and informal economy. (4)
Outline two reasons why cities are become increasingly populated (4)
Using named examples, explain the housing and environmental problems faced by developing world cities.
(6)
Outline one environmental problem in cities caused by high car use. (2)
Outline two reasons why cities are become increasingly populated (4)
Describe two differences between the formal and informal economy. (4)
For a named city in the developed world, explain how it is attempting to develop sustainable transport. (6)
Using examples, describe how one urban area is reducing its eco-footprint (6)
Outline one problem caused by the growth of slum housing (2)
Explain what is meant by a city’s eco-footprint (2)
For a named city in the developed world, explain how it is attempting to reduce its eco-footprint (6)