transport in low pressure plasma reactors for materials processing
... transformer. The rf coil acts as the primary coil, and the plasma acts as the secondary. The plasma is usually sustained in an inert gas such as Ar at pressures on the order of 10s of mTorr to slow the sputtered atoms and ionize them (either by electron impact ionization or by charge exchange reacti ...
... transformer. The rf coil acts as the primary coil, and the plasma acts as the secondary. The plasma is usually sustained in an inert gas such as Ar at pressures on the order of 10s of mTorr to slow the sputtered atoms and ionize them (either by electron impact ionization or by charge exchange reacti ...
A survey of Galileo plasma wave instrument observations of Jovian
... than those observed at Earth by CRRES, Polar, and Cluster (cf. Meredith et al., 2001; Lauben et al., 1998; Santolik et al., 2003; Horne et al., 2005). The decrease in frequency of the chorus as a function of magnetic latitude is a common feature of the emission at Jupiter and is observed sometimes i ...
... than those observed at Earth by CRRES, Polar, and Cluster (cf. Meredith et al., 2001; Lauben et al., 1998; Santolik et al., 2003; Horne et al., 2005). The decrease in frequency of the chorus as a function of magnetic latitude is a common feature of the emission at Jupiter and is observed sometimes i ...
Manipulation of powder characteristics by interactions at the solid
... A solvent-treatment technique aiming at manipulating the properties of powdered materials is reported. Potentials of the technique were assessed using sulphadiazine (SD). A suspension of the drug in a preselected solvent (5% aqueous ammonia solution) was stirred under controlled conditions. The solv ...
... A solvent-treatment technique aiming at manipulating the properties of powdered materials is reported. Potentials of the technique were assessed using sulphadiazine (SD). A suspension of the drug in a preselected solvent (5% aqueous ammonia solution) was stirred under controlled conditions. The solv ...
rapid recombination of plasma jets
... the plasma expands, moving along the lines of force with opening angle 2.9-m, tan J.m = 3vA/uc: the of the decaying field. We assume at the outset that plasma density goes as 1/ z 2 • the plasma magnetized by the field H0 moves into In estimating the cooling it is now convenient to the vacuum with a ...
... the plasma expands, moving along the lines of force with opening angle 2.9-m, tan J.m = 3vA/uc: the of the decaying field. We assume at the outset that plasma density goes as 1/ z 2 • the plasma magnetized by the field H0 moves into In estimating the cooling it is now convenient to the vacuum with a ...
Ion heating resulting from pickup in magnetic reconnection exhausts
... entering the exhaust, they are essentially at zero velocity within a local plasma flowing at the Alfvén speed. As a result they behave like classic pickup particles [Möbius et al., 1985] and gain an effective thermal speed equal to the exhaust velocity once they have been ‘‘picked up’’ by the exha ...
... entering the exhaust, they are essentially at zero velocity within a local plasma flowing at the Alfvén speed. As a result they behave like classic pickup particles [Möbius et al., 1985] and gain an effective thermal speed equal to the exhaust velocity once they have been ‘‘picked up’’ by the exha ...
Structure and Properties of Polymers
... hundreds to many thousands of small monomer molecules undergo a polymerization reaction resulting in large molecules, termed macromolecules, mostly of chain-like structure. Polymers are substances consisting of macromolecules and the high molecular weight and chain-like structure of the macromolecul ...
... hundreds to many thousands of small monomer molecules undergo a polymerization reaction resulting in large molecules, termed macromolecules, mostly of chain-like structure. Polymers are substances consisting of macromolecules and the high molecular weight and chain-like structure of the macromolecul ...
Toward an electron electric dipole moment measurement using
... Figure 1.1: Size of eEDMs predicted by various particle theories [2, 3]. The blue grey shaded region contains values forbidden by the current experimental limit. de < 1.6 × 10−27 e.cm .2 Looking at fig 1.1 this is particularly interesting, since a relatively small improvement on the measurement woul ...
... Figure 1.1: Size of eEDMs predicted by various particle theories [2, 3]. The blue grey shaded region contains values forbidden by the current experimental limit. de < 1.6 × 10−27 e.cm .2 Looking at fig 1.1 this is particularly interesting, since a relatively small improvement on the measurement woul ...
NMR in metals, metal particles and metal cluster compounds
... the question ‘where’ the electrons are. In molecular solids the atoms (e.g. Xe) or molecules (e.g. benzene) retain their identity and are kept together by the rather weak van der Waals forces, based on induced electric dipoles. Permanent dipoles give rise to more directional forces, like the hydroge ...
... the question ‘where’ the electrons are. In molecular solids the atoms (e.g. Xe) or molecules (e.g. benzene) retain their identity and are kept together by the rather weak van der Waals forces, based on induced electric dipoles. Permanent dipoles give rise to more directional forces, like the hydroge ...
DOE Material Science 1
... to two or more DOE nuclear facilities was considered generic and was included. The final draft of each of the handbooks was then reviewed by these two groups. This approach has resulted in revised modular handbooks that contain sufficient detail such that each facility may adjust the content to fit ...
... to two or more DOE nuclear facilities was considered generic and was included. The final draft of each of the handbooks was then reviewed by these two groups. This approach has resulted in revised modular handbooks that contain sufficient detail such that each facility may adjust the content to fit ...
Physics and Philosophy Meet: the Strange Case of Poincaré
... exerts a pressure on a body upon which it falls, and that in consequence light rays falling upon just one side of a body might set the latter in motion. In the context of Maxwell’s general theory--according to which electromagnetic processes are processes in a material medium, the ether--the force t ...
... exerts a pressure on a body upon which it falls, and that in consequence light rays falling upon just one side of a body might set the latter in motion. In the context of Maxwell’s general theory--according to which electromagnetic processes are processes in a material medium, the ether--the force t ...
TEAM MEMBERS
... Electric charges, Conversation of charges, Coulomb’s Law; Force between two points charges, forces between multiple charges, Superposition Principle. Continuous charge distribution. Electric field, electric field due to a point charge electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to dipo ...
... Electric charges, Conversation of charges, Coulomb’s Law; Force between two points charges, forces between multiple charges, Superposition Principle. Continuous charge distribution. Electric field, electric field due to a point charge electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to dipo ...
A Quantum Memory Qubit in Calcium-43
... isolated atom [4]. Many other schemes for quantum computing have been proposed and some have been demonstrated. These are discussed below. A Quantum Information Processor (QIP) can be used for two main tasks. The first, and most highly publicised, is to solve problems that are currently inefficient ...
... isolated atom [4]. Many other schemes for quantum computing have been proposed and some have been demonstrated. These are discussed below. A Quantum Information Processor (QIP) can be used for two main tasks. The first, and most highly publicised, is to solve problems that are currently inefficient ...
Syllabus Cambridge IGCSE Physics (US) Syllabus Code 0443 For Examination in 2012
... locate, select, organize, and present information from a variety of sources ...
... locate, select, organize, and present information from a variety of sources ...
Progress Toward a Search for a Permanent Electric Dipole Moment
... dipole moment (EDM) in liquid 129 Xe. By the CP T theorem a non-zero EDM also violates invariance under CP , the combined symmetry of charge and parity. The standard model predicts EDMs many orders of magnitude beyond current experimental limits, and hence a non-zero EDM is an unambiguous signal for ...
... dipole moment (EDM) in liquid 129 Xe. By the CP T theorem a non-zero EDM also violates invariance under CP , the combined symmetry of charge and parity. The standard model predicts EDMs many orders of magnitude beyond current experimental limits, and hence a non-zero EDM is an unambiguous signal for ...
Condensed matter physics
Condensed matter physics is a branch of physics that deals with the physical properties of condensed phases of matter. Condensed matter physicists seek to understand the behavior of these phases by using physical laws. In particular, these include the laws of quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistical mechanics.The most familiar condensed phases are solids and liquids, while more exotic condensed phases include the superconducting phase exhibited by certain materials at low temperature, the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases of spins on atomic lattices, and the Bose–Einstein condensate found in cold atomic systems. The study of condensed matter physics involves measuring various material properties via experimental probes along with using techniques of theoretical physics to develop mathematical models that help in understanding physical behavior.The diversity of systems and phenomena available for study makes condensed matter physics the most active field of contemporary physics: one third of all American physicists identify themselves as condensed matter physicists, and the Division of Condensed Matter Physics is the largest division at the American Physical Society. The field overlaps with chemistry, materials science, and nanotechnology, and relates closely to atomic physics and biophysics. Theoretical condensed matter physics shares important concepts and techniques with theoretical particle and nuclear physics.A variety of topics in physics such as crystallography, metallurgy, elasticity, magnetism, etc., were treated as distinct areas, until the 1940s when they were grouped together as solid state physics. Around the 1960s, the study of physical properties of liquids was added to this list, forming the basis for the new, related specialty of condensed matter physics. According to physicist Phil Anderson, the term was coined by him and Volker Heine when they changed the name of their group at the Cavendish Laboratories, Cambridge from ""Solid state theory"" to ""Theory of Condensed Matter"" in 1967, as they felt it did not exclude their interests in the study of liquids, nuclear matter and so on. Although Anderson and Heine helped popularize the name ""condensed matter"", it had been present in Europe for some years, most prominently in the form of a journal published in English, French, and German by Springer-Verlag titled Physics of Condensed Matter, which was launched in 1963. The funding environment and Cold War politics of the 1960s and 1970s were also factors that lead some physicists to prefer the name ""condensed matter physics"", which emphasized the commonality of scientific problems encountered by physicists working on solids, liquids, plasmas, and other complex matter, over ""solid state physics"", which was often associated with the industrial applications of metals and semiconductors. The Bell Telephone Laboratories was one of the first institutes to conduct a research program in condensed matter physics.References to ""condensed"" state can be traced to earlier sources. For example, in the introduction to his 1947 ""Kinetic theory of liquids"" book, Yakov Frenkel proposed that ""The kinetic theory of liquids must accordingly be developed as a generalization and extension of the kinetic theory of solid bodies"". As a matter of fact, it would be more correct to unify them under the title of ""condensed bodies"".