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chapter 10: arbitrage pricing theory and multifactor models of risk
chapter 10: arbitrage pricing theory and multifactor models of risk

... importance to most investors and is therefore highly unlikely to be a priced risk factor. Better choices would focus on variables that investors in aggregate might find more important to their welfare. Examples include: inflation uncertainty, short-term interest-rate risk, energy price risk, or exch ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Low interest rates => equities ...
CPD Spotlight Quiz - Association of Corporate Treasurers
CPD Spotlight Quiz - Association of Corporate Treasurers

CHapter 11 1. The portfolio weight of an asset is total investment in
CHapter 11 1. The portfolio weight of an asset is total investment in

... 13. The CAPM states the relationship between the risk of an asset and its expected return. The CAPM is: E(Ri) = Rf + [E(RM) – Rf] × i Substituting the values we are given, we find: E(Ri) = .045 + (.1170 – .045)(1.25) E(Ri) = .1350 or 13.50% 14. We are given the values for the CAPM except for the  ...
Strategic Finanancial Management
Strategic Finanancial Management

... for living expenses, such as $25,000 per year. At this amount, if no interest were earned at all, the money would last 36 years, so there is no doubt that you would be taken care of and have extra interest income earned on the maturing debt to spend. For instance, after only one year invested at 5%, ...
Systematic and Unsystematic Risk
Systematic and Unsystematic Risk

... Risk: Systematic &Unsystematic We can break down the risk, U, of holding a stock into two components: systematic risk and unsystematic risk: ...
Question and Problem Answers Chapter 5
Question and Problem Answers Chapter 5

... The SML shows us how much investors require in compensation for the systematic risk they bear. Investors require some return for postponing consumption. This return is the intercept of the SML and represents investments with no systematic risk. In other words, all investments must earn at least this ...
Return
Return

... • Firm chooses combinations of projects with the best trade-off between risk and return • 2 objectives of management: • Achieve the highest possible return at a given risk level • Provide the lowest possible risk at a given return level ...
Bond Valuation - Duke University
Bond Valuation - Duke University

... The company-wide discount rate is the appropriate discount rate for evaluating investment projects that have the same risk as the firm as a whole. For investment projects that have different risk from the firm’s existing assets, the company-wide discount rate is not the appropriate discount rate. In ...
Document
Document

... Stephen Ross, 1976, APT, link expected returns to risk Three key propositions ◦ Security returns can be described by a factor model ◦ Sufficient securities to diversify away idiosyncratic risk ◦ Well-functioning security markets do not allow for the persistence of arbitrage opportunities ...
Risk and Risk Aversion
Risk and Risk Aversion

... Let’s form a portfolio from the risk-free and risky assets in Part 1. Recall that the risky investment has an expected return of 22%, and a standard deviation of 34.29%. The riskfree asset has a return of 5%, and of course, a standard deviation of zero. Let’s invest 60% of our money in the risky ass ...
Alternative Investments Global Macro Strategy
Alternative Investments Global Macro Strategy

... causing modern portfolio management to experience a significant regime change and evolve. Portfolio Management1 theories were developed in the mid to late 1960’s and taught at universities. They were based on the simple assumption that markets were efficient and investors were rational, non-emotiona ...
15 Mosec
15 Mosec

... – Improves capital adequacy, same capital can be used to originate more loans • Efficient financing – Via securitization, it is possible to achieve a higher target rating for the instruments than the lenders credit rating – Lender can obtain funding at lower interest rates applicable to highly rated ...
An introduction to diversification by risk factor PORTFOLIO INSIGHTS
An introduction to diversification by risk factor PORTFOLIO INSIGHTS

... example, the credit risk of an Australian government bond is significantly lower than the duration risk of a 100-year Irish government bond. But we’ve by no means exhausted the number of risk factors investors are exposed to. For example, those who outsource portfolio construction and investment man ...
The Jensen`s Alpha is an absolute measure of performance. It is
The Jensen`s Alpha is an absolute measure of performance. It is

... The Jensen’s Alpha gives the excess return obtained when deviating from the benchmark. Use: The magnitude of the Jensen’s Alpha depends on two key variables: the return of the benchmark and the beta. This indicator represents the part of the mean return of the fund that cannot be explained by the sy ...
Alfred M. Pollard, General Counsel Attention: Comments/RIN 2590
Alfred M. Pollard, General Counsel Attention: Comments/RIN 2590

Risk Analysis - Purdue Agriculture
Risk Analysis - Purdue Agriculture

... the example above, then they are “risk averse” – Have no tolerance for risk ...
Lecture 1: Asset pricing and the equity premium puzzle
Lecture 1: Asset pricing and the equity premium puzzle

... If the risky return covaries positively with tomorrow’s consumption, Ct+1 , then the LHS is positive and the asset return bears a positive premium over the risk free rate. If the risky return covaries negatively with tomorrow’s consumption then the LHS is negative and the asset return bears a negati ...
draft1 140212
draft1 140212

... 2. Anglo American Beta and total risk and return for 2011/12 Anglo’s beta of 1.64 (see appendix 1) shows that its stock’s increasing volatility in comparison to the market and even the overall mining sector which has a beta of 1.33. With a higher beta and thus greater risk you would assume greater r ...
Diversification Structure is the Strategy
Diversification Structure is the Strategy

... The issuer of this document is DFA Australia Limited (AFS Licence No.238093, ABN 46 065 937 671). This information is provided for financial advisers and wholesale investors, not retail clients, under the Australian Corporations Act 2001. No account has been taken of the objectives, financial situat ...
Nova Southeastern University H. Wayne Huizenga School of
Nova Southeastern University H. Wayne Huizenga School of

... Criticism of MPT in the past has come from assumptions that Markowitz set forth. Assuming that investors are risk adverse, suggesting that if an investor is given the choice of two assets with the same expected return then the investor would prefer the less risky asset. (Hines, 2009) Additional crit ...
asset allocation
asset allocation

... are willing to give up ½ unit of expected return to lower portfolio variance (the squared value of standard deviation) by one unit, our risk aversion would equal ½. Risk aversion is the reciprocal of risk tolerance. We would then draw a line with a slope of ½ and find the point of tangency between t ...
ppt - AAII
ppt - AAII

... including the Central Intelligence Agency, director of investment research, and senior financial analyst with the Prince William County government. Advised and managed investment portfolios for individuals and endowments for over ten years Graduate degrees in global political economy from the Johns ...
PP07 - Class Index
PP07 - Class Index

... Covariance of Returns • A measure of the degree to which two variables “move together” relative to their individual mean values over time – If both returns are typically above their respective means at the same time, the covariance will be positive – If one return is typically above its mean when t ...
security analysis - Goenka College of Commerce and Business
security analysis - Goenka College of Commerce and Business

... market interest rate.  The fluctuations are caused by the changes in the ...
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Modern portfolio theory

Modern portfolio theory (MPT) is a theory of finance that attempts to maximize portfolio expected return for a given amount of portfolio risk, or equivalently minimize risk for a given level of expected return, by carefully choosing the proportions of various assets. Although MPT is widely used in practice in the financial industry and several of its creators won a Nobel memorial prize for the theory, in recent years the basic assumptions of MPT have been widely challenged by fields such as behavioral economics.MPT is a mathematical formulation of the concept of diversification in investing, with the aim of selecting a collection of investment assets that has lower overall risk than any other combination of assets with the same expected return. This is possible, intuitively speaking, because different types of assets sometimes change in value in opposite directions. For example, to the extent prices in the stock market move differently from prices in the bond market, a combination of both types of assets can in theory generate lower overall risk than either individually. Diversification can lower risk even if assets' returns are positively correlated.More technically, MPT models an asset's return as a normally or elliptically distributed random variable, defines risk as the standard deviation of return, and models a portfolio as a weighted combination of assets, so that the return of a portfolio is the weighted combination of the assets' returns. By combining different assets whose returns are not perfectly positively correlated, MPT seeks to reduce the total variance of the portfolio return. MPT also assumes that investors are rational and markets are efficient.MPT was developed in the 1950s through the early 1970s and was considered an important advance in the mathematical modeling of finance. Since then, some theoretical and practical criticisms have been leveled against it. These include evidence that financial returns do not follow a normal distribution or indeed any symmetric distribution, and that correlations between asset classes are not fixed but can vary depending on external events (especially in crises). Further, there remains evidence that investors are not rational and markets may not be efficient. Finally, the low volatility anomaly conflicts with CAPM's trade-off assumption of higher risk for higher return. It states that a portfolio consisting of low volatility equities (like blue chip stocks) reaps higher risk-adjusted returns than a portfolio with high volatility equities (like illiquid penny stocks). A study conducted by Myron Scholes, Michael Jensen, and Fischer Black in 1972 suggests that the relationship between return and beta might be flat or even negatively correlated.
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