• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
RossFCF8ce_SM_ch13
RossFCF8ce_SM_ch13

... The return given for Stock Z is 9.3 percent, but according to the CAPM the expected, or YOUR required return of the stock should be 10.26 percent based on its level of risk. You require 10.26 but it is only paying 9.3%. Therefore Stock Z plots below the SML and is overvalued. In other words, its pri ...
Regime change: Implications of macroeconomic shifts
Regime change: Implications of macroeconomic shifts

... constitute our judgment and are subject to change without notice. Past performance is not indicative of future results. The material is not intended as an offer or solicitation for the purchase or sale of any financial instrument. J.P. Morgan Asset Management and/or its affiliates and employees may ...
Incorporating Extreme Weather Risks in Asset Management Planning
Incorporating Extreme Weather Risks in Asset Management Planning

... • Top (Prioritized) Undermanaged Risks – Inability to appropriately manage culverts ...
IFM7 Chapter 3
IFM7 Chapter 3

... be constructed from a given set of stocks. This set is only efficient for part of its combinations. c. An efficient portfolio is that portfolio which provides the highest expected return for any degree of risk. Alternatively, the efficient portfolio is that which provides the lowest degree of risk f ...
Chapter 20
Chapter 20

View - Elite Wealth Management
View - Elite Wealth Management

... standards of comparison, since these are unmanaged, broadly based indices which differ in numerous respects from a client portfolio composition. Market index information was compiled from sources that Elite believes to be reliable. No representation or guarantee is made hereby with respect to the ac ...
Using the CAPM
Using the CAPM

... β will measure the percentage effect in the dependent variable that is caused by a 1 percent change in the independent variable (the slope of the regression line). And α will be the excess return on the security when the market’s excess return is zero (the Y intercept) Ri – Rf = α + β (Rm – Rf) + e ...
Practical aspects of fair value accounting February 2003 Richard Holloway and
Practical aspects of fair value accounting February 2003 Richard Holloway and

... in line with budgets ...
Chapter 13 - Carlin Business
Chapter 13 - Carlin Business

... Are Really Just “Savers” • People that invest very conservatively • They do not get ahead financially over the long term because taxes and inflation offset most of their interest earnings • You can accept more risk when investing for long-term goals • Remember “The Rule of 72”? – 72/4% = 18 years – ...
1 Ralph`s 157 Dilemma Ralph is attempting to audit a client`s
1 Ralph`s 157 Dilemma Ralph is attempting to audit a client`s

required rate of return2
required rate of return2

... – Cannot be diversified away so that investors expect to be rewarded for bearing this risk. So how do we know how much “reward” to expect? ...
Lecture 5 Slides
Lecture 5 Slides

... • The number -1.96 is the number of standard deviations bellow the mean we must go to be sure that only 2.5% of the observation that can be sampled from that normal distribution will be bellow that level • Sometimes we might want to be even more confident such that say only 1% of the possible outcom ...
Satrix Balanced Index Fund
Satrix Balanced Index Fund

... overnight and knocked the British pound to 31-year lows. This was followed by Trump winning the presidency in a historic election upset in the US, which led to the dollar reaching a 14-year high in November and also the long-awaited Fed interest rate hike in December, with probably more to come in 2 ...
The New Neutral for bond investors
The New Neutral for bond investors

... stocks. Protecting principal is a key objective for those with a lower risk tolerance or less time to recover from a sharp market shock. Steadier returns – bond prices can fluctuate, of course, but because the bulk of their returns are derived from income, they tend to deliver a smoother ride than ...
Investment Strategy for Pensions Actuaries A Multi Asset Class
Investment Strategy for Pensions Actuaries A Multi Asset Class

Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo Simulation

... Ibbotson’s Method for Simulation Is Parametric Parametric simulation is based on a user providing a mean, standard deviation, and correlations for the assets being used. Once these parameters are set, a computer program is used to generate random samples from the distribution these parameters define ...
Dan diBartolomeo
Dan diBartolomeo

Risk
Risk

... distribution (thus market portfolio is efficient – page 148) • There exists a risk-free asset such that investors may borrow or lend unlimited amount at a risk-free rate. • The quantities of assets are fixed. Also all assets are marketable and perfectly divisible. • Asset markets are frictionless. I ...
The land of the rising sun
The land of the rising sun

Opportunities for Small Life Insurance Companies to Improve Asset
Opportunities for Small Life Insurance Companies to Improve Asset

... 3.5 percent to over 7 percent, though they bring with them a higher risk profile. One other area that has been gaining traction lately is NAIC-rated funds. As small companies may have trouble investing in certain asset classes, on a separate account basis, funds make sense since they can invest a sm ...
Nimble Group values a non-standard and complex retail mortgage
Nimble Group values a non-standard and complex retail mortgage

... and performing a limited due diligence on supporting documentation. Nimble Group performed a valuation focussing on the following key solutions: • An assessment of the historic payment profiles, affordability and creditworthiness on an individual debtor basis in order to project future cash flows • ...
Chapter 10
Chapter 10

... Note that stocks have a higher expected return than bonds and higher risk. Let us turn now to the risk-return tradeoff of a portfolio that is 50% invested in bonds and 50% invested in stocks. ...
1 Factor Models
1 Factor Models

... This estimate (assuming independent and identically distributed (iid) returns over months) has a mean √ and standard deviation given by r, σ/ n respectively, where r and σ denote the true mean and standard deviation over 1-month. If, for example, a stock’s yearly expected rate of return is 16%, then ...
Determining optimum P/E ratio regarding the risk and return
Determining optimum P/E ratio regarding the risk and return

... adjusted prices have been used. And finally beta was used as proxy of risk. For calculating beta, first data gathered in monthly base with opening of 36 months before, for every beta. In this research for measuring time variation of the betas, rolling windows procedure was used. So the sizes of wind ...
Institute of Actuaries of India November 2011 Examinations
Institute of Actuaries of India November 2011 Examinations

< 1 ... 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 ... 62 >

Modern portfolio theory

Modern portfolio theory (MPT) is a theory of finance that attempts to maximize portfolio expected return for a given amount of portfolio risk, or equivalently minimize risk for a given level of expected return, by carefully choosing the proportions of various assets. Although MPT is widely used in practice in the financial industry and several of its creators won a Nobel memorial prize for the theory, in recent years the basic assumptions of MPT have been widely challenged by fields such as behavioral economics.MPT is a mathematical formulation of the concept of diversification in investing, with the aim of selecting a collection of investment assets that has lower overall risk than any other combination of assets with the same expected return. This is possible, intuitively speaking, because different types of assets sometimes change in value in opposite directions. For example, to the extent prices in the stock market move differently from prices in the bond market, a combination of both types of assets can in theory generate lower overall risk than either individually. Diversification can lower risk even if assets' returns are positively correlated.More technically, MPT models an asset's return as a normally or elliptically distributed random variable, defines risk as the standard deviation of return, and models a portfolio as a weighted combination of assets, so that the return of a portfolio is the weighted combination of the assets' returns. By combining different assets whose returns are not perfectly positively correlated, MPT seeks to reduce the total variance of the portfolio return. MPT also assumes that investors are rational and markets are efficient.MPT was developed in the 1950s through the early 1970s and was considered an important advance in the mathematical modeling of finance. Since then, some theoretical and practical criticisms have been leveled against it. These include evidence that financial returns do not follow a normal distribution or indeed any symmetric distribution, and that correlations between asset classes are not fixed but can vary depending on external events (especially in crises). Further, there remains evidence that investors are not rational and markets may not be efficient. Finally, the low volatility anomaly conflicts with CAPM's trade-off assumption of higher risk for higher return. It states that a portfolio consisting of low volatility equities (like blue chip stocks) reaps higher risk-adjusted returns than a portfolio with high volatility equities (like illiquid penny stocks). A study conducted by Myron Scholes, Michael Jensen, and Fischer Black in 1972 suggests that the relationship between return and beta might be flat or even negatively correlated.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report