Life in the slow lane: molecular mechanisms of estivation
... The biochemical mechanism(s) used for metabolic suppression in estivation need to be powerful yet easily reversible to allow a quick return to normal metabolism during arousal. Indeed, estivators return to active life with great speed. Spadefoot toads are instantly alert even when they are dug out o ...
... The biochemical mechanism(s) used for metabolic suppression in estivation need to be powerful yet easily reversible to allow a quick return to normal metabolism during arousal. Indeed, estivators return to active life with great speed. Spadefoot toads are instantly alert even when they are dug out o ...
Farnesyl diphosphate synthase, the target for nitrogen
... in mammalian cells, and it has been concluded that the enzymes are cytosolic [10]. Hence, at present, the intracellular location of the mammalian mevalonate pathway enzymes remains unclear. The pathway has also been investigated in plants and it appears that some, but not all, of the enzymes are per ...
... in mammalian cells, and it has been concluded that the enzymes are cytosolic [10]. Hence, at present, the intracellular location of the mammalian mevalonate pathway enzymes remains unclear. The pathway has also been investigated in plants and it appears that some, but not all, of the enzymes are per ...
Proteins - The Open University
... the cytoskeletal proteins inside the cell and the extracellular matrix proteins outside the cell. Communication The signals within and between cells (e.g. cytokines) and the apparatus for recognising and interpreting or reacting to signals (receptors and transducers) are mainly proteins. Adhesion Ce ...
... the cytoskeletal proteins inside the cell and the extracellular matrix proteins outside the cell. Communication The signals within and between cells (e.g. cytokines) and the apparatus for recognising and interpreting or reacting to signals (receptors and transducers) are mainly proteins. Adhesion Ce ...
Document
... Homologous enzymes catalyze related reactions; this is how trp and his biosynthesis enzymes seem to have evolved Variant: recruit some enzymes from another pathway without duplicating the whole thing (example: ubiquitination) ...
... Homologous enzymes catalyze related reactions; this is how trp and his biosynthesis enzymes seem to have evolved Variant: recruit some enzymes from another pathway without duplicating the whole thing (example: ubiquitination) ...
Enzyme Mechanisms - Illinois Institute of Technology
... Homologous enzymes catalyze related reactions; this is how trp and his biosynthesis enzymes seem to have evolved Variant: recruit some enzymes from another pathway without duplicating the whole thing (example: ubiquitination) ...
... Homologous enzymes catalyze related reactions; this is how trp and his biosynthesis enzymes seem to have evolved Variant: recruit some enzymes from another pathway without duplicating the whole thing (example: ubiquitination) ...
Identification of two amino acid residues which - Wiley-VCH
... ganglioside by binding to ganglioside monomers and releasing them from membranes or micelles. Hex B does not recognize the activator-substrate complex [6, 7, 4]. A second important difference in substrate specificity between Hex A and Hex B is that while the active site of both enzymes hy- ...
... ganglioside by binding to ganglioside monomers and releasing them from membranes or micelles. Hex B does not recognize the activator-substrate complex [6, 7, 4]. A second important difference in substrate specificity between Hex A and Hex B is that while the active site of both enzymes hy- ...
Magnesium and cell energetics in plants under anoxia
... of PPi as an energy source depends on the energy charge of the cell, [Mg2+ ] and the actual location of PPi synthesis. PPi is ineffective at high energy charge values, when ATP is the major energy source, and the role of PPi can only be apparent under low [ATP] conditions, which leads to an increase ...
... of PPi as an energy source depends on the energy charge of the cell, [Mg2+ ] and the actual location of PPi synthesis. PPi is ineffective at high energy charge values, when ATP is the major energy source, and the role of PPi can only be apparent under low [ATP] conditions, which leads to an increase ...
Chlamydia Exploit the Mammalian Tryptophan-Depletion
... which the Trp content of each protein was expressed as a "p/P ratio", i.e., (Trp content of a given ...
... which the Trp content of each protein was expressed as a "p/P ratio", i.e., (Trp content of a given ...
Phylogenomic Investigation of Phospholipid Synthesis in Archaea
... phylogenetic analyses for each one of the two paralogues, to which we will refer as short- or long-chain IPPS with regard to dominant functions of the characterized enzymes. However, as previously mentioned [39–41], substrate specificity exchange between short and long substrates appears to be relat ...
... phylogenetic analyses for each one of the two paralogues, to which we will refer as short- or long-chain IPPS with regard to dominant functions of the characterized enzymes. However, as previously mentioned [39–41], substrate specificity exchange between short and long substrates appears to be relat ...
Sequence and evolutionary analysis of the human trypsin subfamily
... substrate, a peptide bond, but their specificities vary. The most widely used system for classification of peptidases is the MEROPS Clan System, where enzymes are first sorted into ‘‘clans’’ (sometimes referred to as superfamilies) based on evidence of evolutionary relationship [1,7,8]. Evidence for ...
... substrate, a peptide bond, but their specificities vary. The most widely used system for classification of peptidases is the MEROPS Clan System, where enzymes are first sorted into ‘‘clans’’ (sometimes referred to as superfamilies) based on evidence of evolutionary relationship [1,7,8]. Evidence for ...
PDF - Geoff McFadden`s Lab
... which they usually obtain by importing glucose for use in a plastid-localized glycolytic pathway. No evidence has been found to indicate that the apicoplast can import or process hexoses, so its main source of ATP and reducing equivalents is unclear. Similarly, no enzymes for a pentose phosphate pat ...
... which they usually obtain by importing glucose for use in a plastid-localized glycolytic pathway. No evidence has been found to indicate that the apicoplast can import or process hexoses, so its main source of ATP and reducing equivalents is unclear. Similarly, no enzymes for a pentose phosphate pat ...
as a PDF
... muscle and several regions of the digestive track and kidney epithelium, maintaining its infection cycle in a restricted region of the tissue (called amastigote nests by most of pathologists) without causing major symptoms. During infection, T. cruzi spends a considerable time replicating as the int ...
... muscle and several regions of the digestive track and kidney epithelium, maintaining its infection cycle in a restricted region of the tissue (called amastigote nests by most of pathologists) without causing major symptoms. During infection, T. cruzi spends a considerable time replicating as the int ...
Bioretrosynthetic Construction of a Non
... excited interest in progressing this work and my career has been much appreciated over the past several years. In addition to Dr. Bachmann, I would also like to thank my Dissertation Committee members of Dr. Richard Armstrong, Dr. Tina Iverson, Dr. Lawrence Marnett and Dr. Carmello Rizzo for their ...
... excited interest in progressing this work and my career has been much appreciated over the past several years. In addition to Dr. Bachmann, I would also like to thank my Dissertation Committee members of Dr. Richard Armstrong, Dr. Tina Iverson, Dr. Lawrence Marnett and Dr. Carmello Rizzo for their ...
402 Blaylock 89-92.fm
... relatively high concentrations.6 For example, Mullenix demonstrated that fluoride accumulated in the hippocampus of rats exposed to sodium fluoride in drinking water.7 Similarly, fluoride has been shown to accumulate selectively in the pineal gland of adult humans, primarily in hydroxyapatite calcif ...
... relatively high concentrations.6 For example, Mullenix demonstrated that fluoride accumulated in the hippocampus of rats exposed to sodium fluoride in drinking water.7 Similarly, fluoride has been shown to accumulate selectively in the pineal gland of adult humans, primarily in hydroxyapatite calcif ...
to the PDF file. - CURVE
... protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis, has created a need for the development of therapeutics with a different mode of action. Trifluoromethionine (TFM) has been proposed as a potential novel antiinfective prodrug that is activated by the enzyme methionine γ-lyase (MGL), which is present in T. vaginalis b ...
... protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis, has created a need for the development of therapeutics with a different mode of action. Trifluoromethionine (TFM) has been proposed as a potential novel antiinfective prodrug that is activated by the enzyme methionine γ-lyase (MGL), which is present in T. vaginalis b ...
Gluconeogenesis
... starvation is mainly amino acid catabolism. Some amino acids are catabolized to pyruvate, oxaloacetate, or precursors of these. Muscle proteins may break down to supply amino acids. These are transported to liver where they are deaminated and converted to gluconeogenesis inputs. Glycerol, derived fr ...
... starvation is mainly amino acid catabolism. Some amino acids are catabolized to pyruvate, oxaloacetate, or precursors of these. Muscle proteins may break down to supply amino acids. These are transported to liver where they are deaminated and converted to gluconeogenesis inputs. Glycerol, derived fr ...
Crystallization and X Ray Diffraction Data Analyses of the Enzyme
... formimine glutamase (EC 3.5.3.8). This complete pathway drives the conversion of histidine into glutamate, which in turn can be dea i ated i to α-ketoglutarate, allowing its complete oxidation. Urocanate hydratase, the second enzyme of the histidine-glutamate pathway, acts on the conversion of uroca ...
... formimine glutamase (EC 3.5.3.8). This complete pathway drives the conversion of histidine into glutamate, which in turn can be dea i ated i to α-ketoglutarate, allowing its complete oxidation. Urocanate hydratase, the second enzyme of the histidine-glutamate pathway, acts on the conversion of uroca ...
Facultative Anaerobiosis in the Invertebrates: Pathways and Control
... likely that other invertebrates which depend upon intermittent or continuous periods of anaerobiosis may employ similar metabolic pathways. It would seem a simple matter to determine whether or not an organism requires oxygen for survival. In the case of many helminths, however, this basic question ...
... likely that other invertebrates which depend upon intermittent or continuous periods of anaerobiosis may employ similar metabolic pathways. It would seem a simple matter to determine whether or not an organism requires oxygen for survival. In the case of many helminths, however, this basic question ...
The Ethylene Signal Transduction Pathway in Plants
... ACC oxidase is constitutively present in most tissues, but its synthesis is increased during fruit ripening in tomato. The genes that encode A C C synthase and A C C oxidase have been cloned and characterized from many plant species (5, 6). A C C synthase is encoded by multigene families in all spec ...
... ACC oxidase is constitutively present in most tissues, but its synthesis is increased during fruit ripening in tomato. The genes that encode A C C synthase and A C C oxidase have been cloned and characterized from many plant species (5, 6). A C C synthase is encoded by multigene families in all spec ...
Malonyl-CoA and AMP-activated protein kinase: An expanding
... In contrast, exercise lowers the concentration of malonyl CoA, by activating an AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), which phosphorylates and inhibits ACC. Recently we have shown that the activity of malonyl CoA decarboxylase (MCD), an enzyme that degrades malonyl CoA, is also regulated by phosphory ...
... In contrast, exercise lowers the concentration of malonyl CoA, by activating an AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), which phosphorylates and inhibits ACC. Recently we have shown that the activity of malonyl CoA decarboxylase (MCD), an enzyme that degrades malonyl CoA, is also regulated by phosphory ...
Properties of a newly characterized protein of the bovine - K-REx
... kinase activity appears to be associated with the larger subunit while the other subunit may possibly serve as a regulatory subunit. ...
... kinase activity appears to be associated with the larger subunit while the other subunit may possibly serve as a regulatory subunit. ...
Crystal structure of ATP sulfurylase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... above speci®ed residues produce either reduced activity or inactive enzymes. This strongly indicates that nucleotide binding as well as sulfurylase activity involves residues of these motifs. Additionally, a fourth highly conserved motif can be found: the 356ISGTxxR363 module is widespread among the ...
... above speci®ed residues produce either reduced activity or inactive enzymes. This strongly indicates that nucleotide binding as well as sulfurylase activity involves residues of these motifs. Additionally, a fourth highly conserved motif can be found: the 356ISGTxxR363 module is widespread among the ...
Biochemistry2 2016 Lecture Glycogen Metabolism
... Auto-inhibited kinases have either an N or C terminal pseudo-substrate sequence. It make the active site inaccessible to substrate. The CaM subunit binds near the auto-inhibitory sequence and the activation of CaM by binding Ca+2, binds to the auto-inhibitory sequence and it opens up the access to t ...
... Auto-inhibited kinases have either an N or C terminal pseudo-substrate sequence. It make the active site inaccessible to substrate. The CaM subunit binds near the auto-inhibitory sequence and the activation of CaM by binding Ca+2, binds to the auto-inhibitory sequence and it opens up the access to t ...
Enzyme Mechanisms - Illinois Institute of Technology
... Remember we defined this as an effect on protein activity in which binding of a ligand to a protein induces a conformational change that modifies the protein’s activity Ligand may be the same molecule as the substrate or it may be a different one Ligand may bind to the same subunit or a ...
... Remember we defined this as an effect on protein activity in which binding of a ligand to a protein induces a conformational change that modifies the protein’s activity Ligand may be the same molecule as the substrate or it may be a different one Ligand may bind to the same subunit or a ...
CHAPTER 6
... buildup of pyruvate and NADH, due to oxygen shortage and the need for more glycolysis • NADH can be reoxidized during the reduction of pyruvate to lactate • Lactate is then returned to the liver, where it can be reoxidized to pyruvate by liver LDH • Liver provides glucose to muscle for exercise and ...
... buildup of pyruvate and NADH, due to oxygen shortage and the need for more glycolysis • NADH can be reoxidized during the reduction of pyruvate to lactate • Lactate is then returned to the liver, where it can be reoxidized to pyruvate by liver LDH • Liver provides glucose to muscle for exercise and ...