Biofilms in the dairy industry
... Dufour, M., Simmonds, R. S., & Bremer, P. J. (2004). Development of a laboratory scale clean-in-place system to test the effectiveness of ‘‘natural’’ antimicrobials against dairy biofilms. Journal of Food Protection, 67, 1438–1443. Dunstall, G., Rowe, M. T., Wisdom, G. B., & Kilpatrick, D. (2005). E ...
... Dufour, M., Simmonds, R. S., & Bremer, P. J. (2004). Development of a laboratory scale clean-in-place system to test the effectiveness of ‘‘natural’’ antimicrobials against dairy biofilms. Journal of Food Protection, 67, 1438–1443. Dunstall, G., Rowe, M. T., Wisdom, G. B., & Kilpatrick, D. (2005). E ...
Annual Review of Microbiology
... growth rate in root exudate; synthesis of amino acids, uracil, and vitamin B1; the presence of the O-antigenic side chain of lipopolysaccharide; the two-component ColR/ColS sensory system; fine-tuning of the putrescine uptake system (the mutant had an impaired pot operon); the site-specific recombinas ...
... growth rate in root exudate; synthesis of amino acids, uracil, and vitamin B1; the presence of the O-antigenic side chain of lipopolysaccharide; the two-component ColR/ColS sensory system; fine-tuning of the putrescine uptake system (the mutant had an impaired pot operon); the site-specific recombinas ...
chapter 27 - Biology Junction
... 4. Chemoheterotrophs must consume organic molecules for both energy and carbon. This nutritional mode is found widely in prokaryotes, protists, fungi, animals, and even some parasitic plants. Prokaryotic metabolism also varies with respect to oxygen. Obligate aerobes require O2 for cellular resp ...
... 4. Chemoheterotrophs must consume organic molecules for both energy and carbon. This nutritional mode is found widely in prokaryotes, protists, fungi, animals, and even some parasitic plants. Prokaryotic metabolism also varies with respect to oxygen. Obligate aerobes require O2 for cellular resp ...
Microsoft Word
... treatment of infectious diseases in the era of multiple antibiotic resistance of bacteria. There are still many unsolved problems with bacteriophage therapy, mostly related to procedures, thus, no such treatment is registered now, and it can used only as experimental therapy [19]. Nevertheless, ther ...
... treatment of infectious diseases in the era of multiple antibiotic resistance of bacteria. There are still many unsolved problems with bacteriophage therapy, mostly related to procedures, thus, no such treatment is registered now, and it can used only as experimental therapy [19]. Nevertheless, ther ...
Antimicrobial Prospective of Parmotrema perlatum Hexane Extract
... 1940s antimicrobial drugs have been used to treat various bacterial and fungal infections. However, indiscriminate use of these life saving antibiotics have led to emergence of Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) in these microorganisms. In 2012, there were about 4,50,000 new cases of MDR tuberculosis. Resi ...
... 1940s antimicrobial drugs have been used to treat various bacterial and fungal infections. However, indiscriminate use of these life saving antibiotics have led to emergence of Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) in these microorganisms. In 2012, there were about 4,50,000 new cases of MDR tuberculosis. Resi ...
PROBIOTICS Past, Present & Future
... Dahi (yogurt) & Lassi (cultured buttermilk) Milk fermented with Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus acidophilus popular in South Asia ...
... Dahi (yogurt) & Lassi (cultured buttermilk) Milk fermented with Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus acidophilus popular in South Asia ...
Microbiological and Immunological Investigation of adult patients
... Table (4) demonstrated the mean values of immunoglobulins and complement with each types of microbial infection in (110) patients regarded as immune competent ,because they have normal values of immunoglobulins and complement. from this table ,we can see that there is no relationship between the typ ...
... Table (4) demonstrated the mean values of immunoglobulins and complement with each types of microbial infection in (110) patients regarded as immune competent ,because they have normal values of immunoglobulins and complement. from this table ,we can see that there is no relationship between the typ ...
MRSA_6-6-10_jas
... large-scale batches and was used during the war to Services treat infections. (Figure 6-5) Antibiotics are naturally occurring or synthetically produced chemicals that can kill bacteria by interrupting their metabolism and reproduction. Antibiotics work by targeting metabolic functions that differ b ...
... large-scale batches and was used during the war to Services treat infections. (Figure 6-5) Antibiotics are naturally occurring or synthetically produced chemicals that can kill bacteria by interrupting their metabolism and reproduction. Antibiotics work by targeting metabolic functions that differ b ...
13 | DIVERSITY OF MICROBES, FUNGI, AND PROTISTS
... environment, make these communities more robust than are free-living, or planktonic, prokaryotes. Overall, biofilms are very difficult to destroy, because they are resistant to many of the common forms of sterilization. ...
... environment, make these communities more robust than are free-living, or planktonic, prokaryotes. Overall, biofilms are very difficult to destroy, because they are resistant to many of the common forms of sterilization. ...
Antimicrobial Activity of Methanolic Neem Extract on Wound
... A slightly small amount methanolic neem extract which was 4.18g (4.18%) was obtained in this study instead of what was obtained in the previous study [4] which was 4.36%. Variations in extraction methods which are usually found in the length of the extraction period may contribute to this outcome. R ...
... A slightly small amount methanolic neem extract which was 4.18g (4.18%) was obtained in this study instead of what was obtained in the previous study [4] which was 4.36%. Variations in extraction methods which are usually found in the length of the extraction period may contribute to this outcome. R ...
What is tetanus?
... formulations contain tetanus toxoid in combination with diphtheria toxoid, acellular pertussis, inactivated polio and H. influenzae type b antigens. For adolescents aged 14 to 16 years, vaccination with tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis is recommended. Adults may receive teta ...
... formulations contain tetanus toxoid in combination with diphtheria toxoid, acellular pertussis, inactivated polio and H. influenzae type b antigens. For adolescents aged 14 to 16 years, vaccination with tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis is recommended. Adults may receive teta ...
Are dental diseases examples of ecological
... sites with a pre-existing natural and diverse microflora (dental plaque), while even more complex but distinct consortia of microorganisms are implicated with pathology. The aetiology is particularly challenging because it depends on determining which species are implicated directly in active diseas ...
... sites with a pre-existing natural and diverse microflora (dental plaque), while even more complex but distinct consortia of microorganisms are implicated with pathology. The aetiology is particularly challenging because it depends on determining which species are implicated directly in active diseas ...
Completely sequenced genomes of pathogenic bacteria
... The three phases of a genome project: sequencing, annotation and use of the data Sequencing the complete genome of bacteria is an interdisciplinary task that includes cloning the genome in fragments, obtaining its sequence, and annotating and analyzing it. These phases are explained below in more de ...
... The three phases of a genome project: sequencing, annotation and use of the data Sequencing the complete genome of bacteria is an interdisciplinary task that includes cloning the genome in fragments, obtaining its sequence, and annotating and analyzing it. These phases are explained below in more de ...
Elaheh Gholami Parizad.pmd
... compounds and the mechanisms. In these bacteria, materials must pass through both the inner and outer membranes or certain substances should enter into the host cell and therefore various molecules and mechanisms are required for this purpose. Gram-positive bacteria are common by Gram-negative bacte ...
... compounds and the mechanisms. In these bacteria, materials must pass through both the inner and outer membranes or certain substances should enter into the host cell and therefore various molecules and mechanisms are required for this purpose. Gram-positive bacteria are common by Gram-negative bacte ...
chapter 27
... The beating of flagella scattered over the entire surface or concentrated at one or both ends is the most common method of movement. The flagella of prokaryotes differ in structure and function from those of eukaryotes. In a heterogeneous environment, many prokaryotes are capable of taxis, movemen ...
... The beating of flagella scattered over the entire surface or concentrated at one or both ends is the most common method of movement. The flagella of prokaryotes differ in structure and function from those of eukaryotes. In a heterogeneous environment, many prokaryotes are capable of taxis, movemen ...
27_DetailLectOutjk_AR
... Genetic prospecting has revealed that both Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota include many species of archaea that are not extremophiles. These species exist in habitats ranging from farm soils to lake sediments to the surface of the ...
... Genetic prospecting has revealed that both Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota include many species of archaea that are not extremophiles. These species exist in habitats ranging from farm soils to lake sediments to the surface of the ...
concepts-of-biology
... Unlike with a taxonomic classification, a phylogenetic tree can be read like a map of evolutionary history, as shown in Figure 12.4. Shared characteristics are used to construct phylogenetic trees. The point where a split occurs in a tree, called a branch point, represents where a single lineage evo ...
... Unlike with a taxonomic classification, a phylogenetic tree can be read like a map of evolutionary history, as shown in Figure 12.4. Shared characteristics are used to construct phylogenetic trees. The point where a split occurs in a tree, called a branch point, represents where a single lineage evo ...
Microbiology: A Fundamental Introduction
... A. Array of Microorganisms B. Microbiology and its Branches The World of Microbiology is a unique, ubiquitous array of one cell to multi-cellular microorganisms. Microbiology thus encompasses microorganisms that span the globe, and yet are even important to our own inner body wellness. In recent yea ...
... A. Array of Microorganisms B. Microbiology and its Branches The World of Microbiology is a unique, ubiquitous array of one cell to multi-cellular microorganisms. Microbiology thus encompasses microorganisms that span the globe, and yet are even important to our own inner body wellness. In recent yea ...
Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fevers Fact Sheet
... symptoms may include difficulty hearing and swelling of the glands that produce saliva. Intestinal bleeding and tears can occur in untreated cases. Severe forms of typhoid with changes in behaviour have been associated with high cases of death. A person with typhoid may develop relapses. The serious ...
... symptoms may include difficulty hearing and swelling of the glands that produce saliva. Intestinal bleeding and tears can occur in untreated cases. Severe forms of typhoid with changes in behaviour have been associated with high cases of death. A person with typhoid may develop relapses. The serious ...
A Putative ABC Transporter Permease Is Necessary for Resistance
... approach to screen for PA mutants that demonstrate increased susceptibility to A-NO− 2 when compared to wild-type and a mucoid mucA22 mutant. From a panel of ∼10,000 Tn mutants, we focused on a very sensitive mutant that had a Tn insertion in the PA4455 gene, encoding a putative cytoplasmic membrane ...
... approach to screen for PA mutants that demonstrate increased susceptibility to A-NO− 2 when compared to wild-type and a mucoid mucA22 mutant. From a panel of ∼10,000 Tn mutants, we focused on a very sensitive mutant that had a Tn insertion in the PA4455 gene, encoding a putative cytoplasmic membrane ...
Document
... Antimicrobials effective against a (extended spectrum) wide variety of microbial types A drug effective against both G+& G- bacteria ...
... Antimicrobials effective against a (extended spectrum) wide variety of microbial types A drug effective against both G+& G- bacteria ...
PART-A - New Age International
... Microbiology is the study of small organisms called microorganisms that are very small to be seen by naked human eye. An object less than 0.1 mm (100 µm; 1 mm = 1000 µm) diameter cannot be seen by the naked eye, whereas in the object less than 1 mm very little detail can be observed. Thus, organisms ...
... Microbiology is the study of small organisms called microorganisms that are very small to be seen by naked human eye. An object less than 0.1 mm (100 µm; 1 mm = 1000 µm) diameter cannot be seen by the naked eye, whereas in the object less than 1 mm very little detail can be observed. Thus, organisms ...
Prevention of Drug Access to Bacterial Targets: Permeability
... shown to partition poorly into the hydrophobic portion of LPS and to permeate across the outer membrane bilayer at about one-fiftieth to one-hundredth the rate through the usual phospholipid bilayers (8). The vast majority of clinically important antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents shon' some hy ...
... shown to partition poorly into the hydrophobic portion of LPS and to permeate across the outer membrane bilayer at about one-fiftieth to one-hundredth the rate through the usual phospholipid bilayers (8). The vast majority of clinically important antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents shon' some hy ...
concepts-of-biology
... make these communities more robust than are free-living, or planktonic, prokaryotes. Overall, biofilms are very difficult to destroy, because they are resistant to many of the common forms of sterilization. ...
... make these communities more robust than are free-living, or planktonic, prokaryotes. Overall, biofilms are very difficult to destroy, because they are resistant to many of the common forms of sterilization. ...
Bacteria
Bacteria (/bækˈtɪəriə/; singular: bacterium) constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep portions of Earth's crust. Bacteria also live in symbiotic and parasitic relationships with plants and animals. They are also known to have flourished in manned spacecraft.There are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water. There are approximately 5×1030 bacteria on Earth, forming a biomass which exceeds that of all plants and animals. Bacteria are vital in recycling nutrients, with many of the stages in nutrient cycles dependent on these organisms, such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere and putrefaction. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. On 17 March 2013, researchers reported data that suggested bacterial life forms thrive in the Mariana Trench, which with a depth of up to 11 kilometres is the deepest part of the Earth's oceans. Other researchers reported related studies that microbes thrive inside rocks up to 580 metres below the sea floor under 2.6 kilometres of ocean off the coast of the northwestern United States. According to one of the researchers, ""You can find microbes everywhere — they're extremely adaptable to conditions, and survive wherever they are.""Most bacteria have not been characterized, and only about half of the phyla of bacteria have species that can be grown in the laboratory. The study of bacteria is known as bacteriology, a branch of microbiology.There are approximately ten times as many bacterial cells in the human flora as there are human cells in the body, with the largest number of the human flora being in the gut flora, and a large number on the skin. The vast majority of the bacteria in the body are rendered harmless by the protective effects of the immune system, and some are beneficial. However, several species of bacteria are pathogenic and cause infectious diseases, including cholera, syphilis, anthrax, leprosy, and bubonic plague. The most common fatal bacterial diseases are respiratory infections, with tuberculosis alone killing about 2 million people per year, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. In developed countries, antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections and are also used in farming, making antibiotic resistance a growing problem. In industry, bacteria are important in sewage treatment and the breakdown of oil spills, the production of cheese and yogurt through fermentation, and the recovery of gold, palladium, copper and other metals in the mining sector, as well as in biotechnology, and the manufacture of antibiotics and other chemicals.Once regarded as plants constituting the class Schizomycetes, bacteria are now classified as prokaryotes. Unlike cells of animals and other eukaryotes, bacterial cells do not contain a nucleus and rarely harbour membrane-bound organelles. Although the term bacteria traditionally included all prokaryotes, the scientific classification changed after the discovery in the 1990s that prokaryotes consist of two very different groups of organisms that evolved from an ancient common ancestor. These evolutionary domains are called Bacteria and Archaea.