Introduction - Personal homepage directory
... triclosan and sodium lauryl sulphate to brush their teeth twice a day for fourteen days. The nine subjects were in good health, and none had been administered antibacterial agents in the three months before the study. On the first day of the study, 5 saliva samples in 15 minutes were collected per s ...
... triclosan and sodium lauryl sulphate to brush their teeth twice a day for fourteen days. The nine subjects were in good health, and none had been administered antibacterial agents in the three months before the study. On the first day of the study, 5 saliva samples in 15 minutes were collected per s ...
The in vitro and in vivo effects of constitutive light - E
... non-destructive surrogate measure of microbial numbers in a wide variety of different culture environments, including within laboratory animals (Andreu, Zelmer & Wiles, 2011). This has proven particularly useful for studying microorganisms which take several weeks to grow on selective media, such as ...
... non-destructive surrogate measure of microbial numbers in a wide variety of different culture environments, including within laboratory animals (Andreu, Zelmer & Wiles, 2011). This has proven particularly useful for studying microorganisms which take several weeks to grow on selective media, such as ...
Penicillin - WordPress.com
... infections caused by staphylococci and streptococci. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria have developed resistance following extensive use. About 10% of people report that they are allergic to penicillin; however, up to 90% of this group may not actually be allergi ...
... infections caused by staphylococci and streptococci. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria have developed resistance following extensive use. About 10% of people report that they are allergic to penicillin; however, up to 90% of this group may not actually be allergi ...
Fundamentals of Microbiology - Bharathiar University(Older Version
... Viruses are not usually classified into conventional taxonomic groups but are usually grouped according to such properties as size, the type of nucleic acid they contain, the structure of the capsid and the number of protein subunits in it, host species, and immunological characteristics. It also me ...
... Viruses are not usually classified into conventional taxonomic groups but are usually grouped according to such properties as size, the type of nucleic acid they contain, the structure of the capsid and the number of protein subunits in it, host species, and immunological characteristics. It also me ...
Origins and Early Evolution of the Mevalonate
... metabolic pathways are known: the mevalonate (MVA) pathway in eukaryotes and archaea and the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway in bacteria and several photosynthetic eukaryotes. The MVA pathway is also found in a few bacteria, what has been explained in previous works by recent acquisition by ...
... metabolic pathways are known: the mevalonate (MVA) pathway in eukaryotes and archaea and the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway in bacteria and several photosynthetic eukaryotes. The MVA pathway is also found in a few bacteria, what has been explained in previous works by recent acquisition by ...
Plant pathogenic bacteria
... Main properties of plant pathogenic bacteria • Heterotrophic organisms • Facultative parasites (usually can be cultured in pure cultures on artificial media) • Usually contains only single cells • Complex layer of cell wall • Shape: bacillus, coccus, spirillum • Majority Gram negative stained • Aer ...
... Main properties of plant pathogenic bacteria • Heterotrophic organisms • Facultative parasites (usually can be cultured in pure cultures on artificial media) • Usually contains only single cells • Complex layer of cell wall • Shape: bacillus, coccus, spirillum • Majority Gram negative stained • Aer ...
- Waynesburg University
... by certain bacterial metabolic processes. During the period of time between brushings many layers of bacteria accumulate on the surface of teeth forming what is called a bio-film. One of the early colonizers of this biofilm, Streptococcus mutans, is the bacterium responsible for the carious nature o ...
... by certain bacterial metabolic processes. During the period of time between brushings many layers of bacteria accumulate on the surface of teeth forming what is called a bio-film. One of the early colonizers of this biofilm, Streptococcus mutans, is the bacterium responsible for the carious nature o ...
Microbial Interactions with Humans and Animals
... Each animal or human body is a complex macrocosm comprised of multiple interconnected ecological systems of different body sites, including numerous body surfaces which are highly populated by microorganisms. Each region differs from the others and thus, creating a selective environment where certai ...
... Each animal or human body is a complex macrocosm comprised of multiple interconnected ecological systems of different body sites, including numerous body surfaces which are highly populated by microorganisms. Each region differs from the others and thus, creating a selective environment where certai ...
Antimicrobial resistance in biofilms
... The ability of microorganisms to form biofilms is closely related to infectious diseases, and environmental and biotechnological processes. Biofilms constituting a microbial multicellular lifestyle and are defined as organized communities of bacteria, collaborating among themselves and being attache ...
... The ability of microorganisms to form biofilms is closely related to infectious diseases, and environmental and biotechnological processes. Biofilms constituting a microbial multicellular lifestyle and are defined as organized communities of bacteria, collaborating among themselves and being attache ...
The bactericidal mechanism of the complement membrane attack
... tendency to aggregate, presumably because hydrophobic regions are exposed.19 As a consequence, the metastable C5b-7 complex can associate with nearby membranes in a very limited time-frame.20,21 The complex only associates with the outer leaflet of the lipid bilayer, and is thereby not sufficient to ...
... tendency to aggregate, presumably because hydrophobic regions are exposed.19 As a consequence, the metastable C5b-7 complex can associate with nearby membranes in a very limited time-frame.20,21 The complex only associates with the outer leaflet of the lipid bilayer, and is thereby not sufficient to ...
unexpected antibiotic resistance in gram-positive
... enzymes, now a major hurdle in the treatment of Gram-negative bacterial infections, originated in Kluyvera species, a genus of environmental bacteria of little clinical importance (Pfeifer, 2010; Livermore, 2006). Yet, the transfer of ESBLs is so widespread now, that nearly all β-lactam antibiotics ...
... enzymes, now a major hurdle in the treatment of Gram-negative bacterial infections, originated in Kluyvera species, a genus of environmental bacteria of little clinical importance (Pfeifer, 2010; Livermore, 2006). Yet, the transfer of ESBLs is so widespread now, that nearly all β-lactam antibiotics ...
Rumen fermentation
... Only small particles leave reticulorumen Increases surface area for microbial attachment and digestion/fermentation ...
... Only small particles leave reticulorumen Increases surface area for microbial attachment and digestion/fermentation ...
Open Questions on the Origin of Eukaryotes
... Two major cell structural types, prokaryotic and eukaryotic, exist. The eukaryotic cell is, on average, structurally more complex, possessing an endomembrane system with Golgi apparatus, lysosomes or peroxisomes, and endoplasmic reticulum (continuous with the nuclear membrane). Transcription and tra ...
... Two major cell structural types, prokaryotic and eukaryotic, exist. The eukaryotic cell is, on average, structurally more complex, possessing an endomembrane system with Golgi apparatus, lysosomes or peroxisomes, and endoplasmic reticulum (continuous with the nuclear membrane). Transcription and tra ...
Ecological Engineering Microbial carbonate precipitation in
... Microorganisms can influence precipitation by altering almost any of the precipitation parameters described above, either separately or in various combinations with one another (Hammes and Verstraete, 2002). However, the primary role has been ascribed to their ability to create an alkaline environmen ...
... Microorganisms can influence precipitation by altering almost any of the precipitation parameters described above, either separately or in various combinations with one another (Hammes and Verstraete, 2002). However, the primary role has been ascribed to their ability to create an alkaline environmen ...
Antimicrobial resistance
... – a resistance gene located on a transposon or a plasmid can be transmitted horizontally, independently from the spread of the resistant clone. Moreover, the horizontal transmission may occur between different bacterial species. Concomitantly or independently to the expansion of the resistant bacter ...
... – a resistance gene located on a transposon or a plasmid can be transmitted horizontally, independently from the spread of the resistant clone. Moreover, the horizontal transmission may occur between different bacterial species. Concomitantly or independently to the expansion of the resistant bacter ...
to promotional sheet
... The Agion antimicrobial is not intended as a substitute for good hygiene. Coated products must still be cleaned to insure the surfaces will be free of destructive microbes. ASSA ABLOY makes no representations or warranties, express or implied, as to the efficacy of the Agion antimicrobial. A copy of ...
... The Agion antimicrobial is not intended as a substitute for good hygiene. Coated products must still be cleaned to insure the surfaces will be free of destructive microbes. ASSA ABLOY makes no representations or warranties, express or implied, as to the efficacy of the Agion antimicrobial. A copy of ...
Virulence, adherence, and growth of a Gardnerella vaginalis biofilm
... can thrive in the vagina during BV, then perhaps we can develop methods to disrupt their colonization and prevent recurring infections. Of these pathogenic bacteria, Gardnerella vaginalis has been found to be the predominant species. 7,8 Virulence mechanisms of G. vaginalis include a pore-forming to ...
... can thrive in the vagina during BV, then perhaps we can develop methods to disrupt their colonization and prevent recurring infections. Of these pathogenic bacteria, Gardnerella vaginalis has been found to be the predominant species. 7,8 Virulence mechanisms of G. vaginalis include a pore-forming to ...
Phage–bacteria infection networks
... a consensus on patterns and associated mechanisms. Recently, 38 published PBINs spanning 20 years of research and nearly 12 000 individual phage–bacterial strain infection trials were aggregated and re-analyzed [12]. The majority of ecological studies assembled in this re-analysis included phages an ...
... a consensus on patterns and associated mechanisms. Recently, 38 published PBINs spanning 20 years of research and nearly 12 000 individual phage–bacterial strain infection trials were aggregated and re-analyzed [12]. The majority of ecological studies assembled in this re-analysis included phages an ...
Bacteria - Calf Scours Treatment
... typically 0.5–5.0 micrometres in length. However, a few species–for example Thiomargarita namibiensis and Epulopiscium fishelsoni–are up to half a millimetre long and are visible to the unaided eye.[31] Among the smallest bacteria are members of the genus Mycoplasma, which measure only 0.3 micrometr ...
... typically 0.5–5.0 micrometres in length. However, a few species–for example Thiomargarita namibiensis and Epulopiscium fishelsoni–are up to half a millimetre long and are visible to the unaided eye.[31] Among the smallest bacteria are members of the genus Mycoplasma, which measure only 0.3 micrometr ...
BIO 209 Laboratory Manual - Bluegrass Community and Technical
... You may be unaware of the number and variety of microorganisms (microbes) found everywhere in our environment, including the human body. In this laboratory you will learn new techniques and make observations which relate to the concepts of microbiology. Most of the microorganisms that you will use i ...
... You may be unaware of the number and variety of microorganisms (microbes) found everywhere in our environment, including the human body. In this laboratory you will learn new techniques and make observations which relate to the concepts of microbiology. Most of the microorganisms that you will use i ...
Anaerobic Jar (Brewer`s Gas Pak)-
... bacteria have no color, and they are small: therefore, they are really difficult to see, even with the oil immersion lens. Second, all bacteria have some vibrational movement, even nonmotile ones. This Brownian movement is caused by water molecules bouncing around in the solution, knocking up agains ...
... bacteria have no color, and they are small: therefore, they are really difficult to see, even with the oil immersion lens. Second, all bacteria have some vibrational movement, even nonmotile ones. This Brownian movement is caused by water molecules bouncing around in the solution, knocking up agains ...
Wil Konings
... remembered best for his extensive work on substrate transport in bacteria and archaea. Konings developed an interest in bacterial transport while doing postdoctoral research in the laboratory of Ernst Freese at the NIH, where he was studying sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. One ...
... remembered best for his extensive work on substrate transport in bacteria and archaea. Konings developed an interest in bacterial transport while doing postdoctoral research in the laboratory of Ernst Freese at the NIH, where he was studying sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. One ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
... a similar duration. In order to sustain gains in child survival made in recent decades, attention must be focused on reduction of morbidity and mortality in the newborn period. The evaluation of tests for neonatal sepsis is important because the infection may present a very serious threat to the bab ...
... a similar duration. In order to sustain gains in child survival made in recent decades, attention must be focused on reduction of morbidity and mortality in the newborn period. The evaluation of tests for neonatal sepsis is important because the infection may present a very serious threat to the bab ...
Commentary Wolbachia John H. Werren
... Wolbachia have been hampered by the difficulty of obtaining large and relatively pure amounts of these bacteria, which typically have low infection levels in hosts. However, the massive infections of popcorn Wolbachia in adult tissues (and potentially in tissue culture) may provide enough material t ...
... Wolbachia have been hampered by the difficulty of obtaining large and relatively pure amounts of these bacteria, which typically have low infection levels in hosts. However, the massive infections of popcorn Wolbachia in adult tissues (and potentially in tissue culture) may provide enough material t ...
Bacteria
Bacteria (/bækˈtɪəriə/; singular: bacterium) constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep portions of Earth's crust. Bacteria also live in symbiotic and parasitic relationships with plants and animals. They are also known to have flourished in manned spacecraft.There are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water. There are approximately 5×1030 bacteria on Earth, forming a biomass which exceeds that of all plants and animals. Bacteria are vital in recycling nutrients, with many of the stages in nutrient cycles dependent on these organisms, such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere and putrefaction. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. On 17 March 2013, researchers reported data that suggested bacterial life forms thrive in the Mariana Trench, which with a depth of up to 11 kilometres is the deepest part of the Earth's oceans. Other researchers reported related studies that microbes thrive inside rocks up to 580 metres below the sea floor under 2.6 kilometres of ocean off the coast of the northwestern United States. According to one of the researchers, ""You can find microbes everywhere — they're extremely adaptable to conditions, and survive wherever they are.""Most bacteria have not been characterized, and only about half of the phyla of bacteria have species that can be grown in the laboratory. The study of bacteria is known as bacteriology, a branch of microbiology.There are approximately ten times as many bacterial cells in the human flora as there are human cells in the body, with the largest number of the human flora being in the gut flora, and a large number on the skin. The vast majority of the bacteria in the body are rendered harmless by the protective effects of the immune system, and some are beneficial. However, several species of bacteria are pathogenic and cause infectious diseases, including cholera, syphilis, anthrax, leprosy, and bubonic plague. The most common fatal bacterial diseases are respiratory infections, with tuberculosis alone killing about 2 million people per year, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. In developed countries, antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections and are also used in farming, making antibiotic resistance a growing problem. In industry, bacteria are important in sewage treatment and the breakdown of oil spills, the production of cheese and yogurt through fermentation, and the recovery of gold, palladium, copper and other metals in the mining sector, as well as in biotechnology, and the manufacture of antibiotics and other chemicals.Once regarded as plants constituting the class Schizomycetes, bacteria are now classified as prokaryotes. Unlike cells of animals and other eukaryotes, bacterial cells do not contain a nucleus and rarely harbour membrane-bound organelles. Although the term bacteria traditionally included all prokaryotes, the scientific classification changed after the discovery in the 1990s that prokaryotes consist of two very different groups of organisms that evolved from an ancient common ancestor. These evolutionary domains are called Bacteria and Archaea.