Abnormal gray matter aging in chronic pain patients
... due to normal conditions like aging. For example, normal aging is characterized by cortical gray matter (GM) atrophy (Bergfield et al., 2009; Blinkov and Glezer, 1968; Good et al., 2001; McGinnis et al., 2011; Morrison and Hof, 2007; Sowell et al., 2003), although hypertrophy has also been reported ...
... due to normal conditions like aging. For example, normal aging is characterized by cortical gray matter (GM) atrophy (Bergfield et al., 2009; Blinkov and Glezer, 1968; Good et al., 2001; McGinnis et al., 2011; Morrison and Hof, 2007; Sowell et al., 2003), although hypertrophy has also been reported ...
The Neural Bases of Cognitive Conflict and Control in Moral Judgment
... fail to meet these three criteria are classified as “impersonal.” As noted previously (Greene et al., 2001), these three criteria reflect a provisional attempt to capture what we suppose is a natural distinction in moral psychology and will likely be revised in light of future research. An example o ...
... fail to meet these three criteria are classified as “impersonal.” As noted previously (Greene et al., 2001), these three criteria reflect a provisional attempt to capture what we suppose is a natural distinction in moral psychology and will likely be revised in light of future research. An example o ...
Aging reduces total neuron number in the dorsal component of the
... not shared by GAD65, and the antibody showed no crossreactivity with the 65-kDa isoform of GAD in rat brain lysates (Millipore datasheet). The staining showed only the expected pattern of cytoplasmic labeling in neurons. Expected labeling pattern was based on comparison with immunolabeling in areas ...
... not shared by GAD65, and the antibody showed no crossreactivity with the 65-kDa isoform of GAD in rat brain lysates (Millipore datasheet). The staining showed only the expected pattern of cytoplasmic labeling in neurons. Expected labeling pattern was based on comparison with immunolabeling in areas ...
Mechanisms for Sensing Fat in Food in the Mouth
... This paper summarizes evidence on how fat in food is sensed in the mouth, how the pleasantness of fat texture is represented in the brain (Rolls 2011b), and some of the implications for the design of foods relevant to the prevention and treatment of obesity (Rolls 2011c). This is an important issue, ...
... This paper summarizes evidence on how fat in food is sensed in the mouth, how the pleasantness of fat texture is represented in the brain (Rolls 2011b), and some of the implications for the design of foods relevant to the prevention and treatment of obesity (Rolls 2011c). This is an important issue, ...
Pituitary Gland Functional Connectivity and BMI by Paige Rucker A
... endocrine region. It is composed of hormone-secreting epithelial cells. The intermediate lobe is often thought of as congruent to the anterior lobe because it is not a distinct lobe in humans. Rather, it is a collection of distinct cells dispersed throughout the anterior lobe. The posterior pituitar ...
... endocrine region. It is composed of hormone-secreting epithelial cells. The intermediate lobe is often thought of as congruent to the anterior lobe because it is not a distinct lobe in humans. Rather, it is a collection of distinct cells dispersed throughout the anterior lobe. The posterior pituitar ...
Neural evidence for the interplay between language, gesture, and
... this is a far less radical claim than proposed by the motor theory of speech perception. After all, activation of similar motor areas does not implicate that these are crucial for speech perception. We will get back to this after reviewing the studies on this topic. Several neuroimaging studies have ...
... this is a far less radical claim than proposed by the motor theory of speech perception. After all, activation of similar motor areas does not implicate that these are crucial for speech perception. We will get back to this after reviewing the studies on this topic. Several neuroimaging studies have ...
cerebral cortex, sensations and movements
... weakness or paralysis of contralateral body parts (D. E. Haines, 2006; I. Petroveanu and N. Cozma, 1989). It seems that the activity of corticospinal neurons corresponding to primary somatomotor cortex may change during the execution of a movement. Under certain conditions the corticospinal neurons ...
... weakness or paralysis of contralateral body parts (D. E. Haines, 2006; I. Petroveanu and N. Cozma, 1989). It seems that the activity of corticospinal neurons corresponding to primary somatomotor cortex may change during the execution of a movement. Under certain conditions the corticospinal neurons ...
Power Shifts Track Serial Position and Modulate Encoding in
... For each participant, we analyzed iEEG recordings from 19 to 126 electrodes. Clinical teams positioned electrodes to identify seizure foci and functional brain regions to guide potential resective surgery. As a result, most electrodes were usually placed in the temporal cortex, but many electrodes w ...
... For each participant, we analyzed iEEG recordings from 19 to 126 electrodes. Clinical teams positioned electrodes to identify seizure foci and functional brain regions to guide potential resective surgery. As a result, most electrodes were usually placed in the temporal cortex, but many electrodes w ...
Nota Bene-- C:\BRNBK\DRAFTS\MEETBRN.TXT Job 1
... We will be interested primarily in brain function or the branch of neuroscience called "neuropsychology." It connects behaviors like writing and reading to systems within the brain--never to a single locus! That would be the nineteenth-century fallacy of localization, that led ultimately to the bump ...
... We will be interested primarily in brain function or the branch of neuroscience called "neuropsychology." It connects behaviors like writing and reading to systems within the brain--never to a single locus! That would be the nineteenth-century fallacy of localization, that led ultimately to the bump ...
Functional Anatomy, Physiology and Clinical Aspects of Basal Ganglia
... The evidence of the anatomical and physiological brain research supported by clinical data and theoretical models suggests there are at least five loops (also called circuits) related to motor, emotional and cognitive functioning control (Alexander et all., 1986; DeLong et all., 1998). The loops div ...
... The evidence of the anatomical and physiological brain research supported by clinical data and theoretical models suggests there are at least five loops (also called circuits) related to motor, emotional and cognitive functioning control (Alexander et all., 1986; DeLong et all., 1998). The loops div ...
Behavioural Brain Research Multisensory contributions to the
... that processing does not operate in a completely feed-forward fashion, since recurrent feedback is also present and there are good grounds for supposing that these feedback connections have a functional role in most aspects of brain processing [28]. To understand information processing, we need to u ...
... that processing does not operate in a completely feed-forward fashion, since recurrent feedback is also present and there are good grounds for supposing that these feedback connections have a functional role in most aspects of brain processing [28]. To understand information processing, we need to u ...
Does the End Justify the Means?
... dealing with action generation, simulation, and observation led the authors to postulate other possible alternatives for the location of the human homologue of the monkey area F5, in particular the ventral premotor cortex. A PET experiment was conducted by our group in order to identify the hemodyna ...
... dealing with action generation, simulation, and observation led the authors to postulate other possible alternatives for the location of the human homologue of the monkey area F5, in particular the ventral premotor cortex. A PET experiment was conducted by our group in order to identify the hemodyna ...
Cerebral Cortex July 2009;19:1539--1548 doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn191 Advance Access publication November 2, 2008
... switch their mode of thought at any time. On the occasion that participants may not have been able to fully remember or imagine a certain event in the time allotted, they were instructed to let those events out of mind and to focus all their attention on the following trial. However, this was not ex ...
... switch their mode of thought at any time. On the occasion that participants may not have been able to fully remember or imagine a certain event in the time allotted, they were instructed to let those events out of mind and to focus all their attention on the following trial. However, this was not ex ...
Differences between psychopathy and other personality disorders
... to controls (Marsh 2008b; Jones 2009). Also, compared with controls, adults with psychopathy show an atypical pattern of greater visual cortical (fusiform gyrus) activity in response to neutral rather than fearful expressions, and also reduced fusiform gyrus activity in response to fearful expressio ...
... to controls (Marsh 2008b; Jones 2009). Also, compared with controls, adults with psychopathy show an atypical pattern of greater visual cortical (fusiform gyrus) activity in response to neutral rather than fearful expressions, and also reduced fusiform gyrus activity in response to fearful expressio ...
Tracking Whole-Brain Connectivity Dynamics in the Resting State
... based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging have largely not taken into account the presence and potential of temporal variability, as most current approaches to examine functional connectivity (FC) implicitly assume that relationships are constant throughout the length of the recor ...
... based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging have largely not taken into account the presence and potential of temporal variability, as most current approaches to examine functional connectivity (FC) implicitly assume that relationships are constant throughout the length of the recor ...
Emo7onal decision‐making systems and their role in addic7on
... known to have short‐term “reinforcing effects” (but long‐term negative consequences) should be less likely or problematic for individuals scoring higher on tasks that assess this ability. ...
... known to have short‐term “reinforcing effects” (but long‐term negative consequences) should be less likely or problematic for individuals scoring higher on tasks that assess this ability. ...
Cell assemblies in the cerebral cortex Günther Palm, Andreas
... which that event may have in common with many other events. The second line of evidence is derived from the neurophysiology of learning. It was one of Hebb’s points that cell assemblies representing things in the brain are held together by excitatory connections between the neurons of which they are ...
... which that event may have in common with many other events. The second line of evidence is derived from the neurophysiology of learning. It was one of Hebb’s points that cell assemblies representing things in the brain are held together by excitatory connections between the neurons of which they are ...
... center in the third convolution of the frontal lobe (known as Broca’s area) and by his studies with brains of aphasic patients, particularly the brain of his first patient in the Bicêtre Hospital in Paris, who was nicknamed “Tan” because he could only emit the sound of that word. Broca demonstrated ...
The role of ventral premotor cortex in action execution and action
... portion of the inferior frontal cortex, mainly in area 44 of Brodmann. According to our own data, there seems to be a homology between Brodmann area 44 in humans and the monkey area F5. The non-language related motor functions of Broca’s region comprise complex hand movements, associative sensorimot ...
... portion of the inferior frontal cortex, mainly in area 44 of Brodmann. According to our own data, there seems to be a homology between Brodmann area 44 in humans and the monkey area F5. The non-language related motor functions of Broca’s region comprise complex hand movements, associative sensorimot ...
Impaired Neurocognitive Functions Affect Social Learning
... associations based on reward, and the amygdala closely interacts with the orbitofrontal cortex, which has been implicated in the generation of reinforcement expectations. The orbitofrontal cortex and striatum also play a role in error prediction, thus facilitating learning of reward (O’Doherty et al ...
... associations based on reward, and the amygdala closely interacts with the orbitofrontal cortex, which has been implicated in the generation of reinforcement expectations. The orbitofrontal cortex and striatum also play a role in error prediction, thus facilitating learning of reward (O’Doherty et al ...
neuron number decreases in the rat ventral, but not dorsal, medial
... adolescence and adulthood, suggesting a late wave of apoptosis that was region-specific. This was accompanied by a decrease in the volume of the female ventral mPFC. In contrast to neuron number, the number of glial cells was stable in the ventral mPFC and increased between adolescence and adulthood ...
... adolescence and adulthood, suggesting a late wave of apoptosis that was region-specific. This was accompanied by a decrease in the volume of the female ventral mPFC. In contrast to neuron number, the number of glial cells was stable in the ventral mPFC and increased between adolescence and adulthood ...
Cortical activation and synchronization during sentence
... bring the words of a sentence together into an integrated syntactic and semantic structure (indicated by less-than-normal activation in Broca’s area). These predicted findings of abnormal brain activation in autism during sentence comprehension would converge with the previously reported behavioural ...
... bring the words of a sentence together into an integrated syntactic and semantic structure (indicated by less-than-normal activation in Broca’s area). These predicted findings of abnormal brain activation in autism during sentence comprehension would converge with the previously reported behavioural ...
The neural basis of moral cognition
... have revealed consistent involvement of the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC) and superior temporal sulcus (STS) region, as well as the anterior temporal lobes (aTL) and limbic structures. Panels a–e depict a transverse slice showing the activation of the aPFC (frontopolar cortex, Brodmann’s areas 9 ...
... have revealed consistent involvement of the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC) and superior temporal sulcus (STS) region, as well as the anterior temporal lobes (aTL) and limbic structures. Panels a–e depict a transverse slice showing the activation of the aPFC (frontopolar cortex, Brodmann’s areas 9 ...
Seeing faces and objects with the “mind`s eye”
... ventral stream. Inspired by the consistent topology of the response to faces, houses and chairs, we investigated whether visual imagery of these objects would evoke content-related activation within the same extrastriate ventral regions that are activated during perception. We further asked which br ...
... ventral stream. Inspired by the consistent topology of the response to faces, houses and chairs, we investigated whether visual imagery of these objects would evoke content-related activation within the same extrastriate ventral regions that are activated during perception. We further asked which br ...
Auditory Brain Development in Children With Hearing Loss– Part One
... riving higher-order meaning from the sound we hear is cerareas of the brain. Specifically, activity in response to auditory tainly a complex process. “Fundamentally, everything that stimulation was observed both in primary and secondary audicomes into our minds reduces to patterns of neural activity ...
... riving higher-order meaning from the sound we hear is cerareas of the brain. Specifically, activity in response to auditory tainly a complex process. “Fundamentally, everything that stimulation was observed both in primary and secondary audicomes into our minds reduces to patterns of neural activity ...