Feedforward, horizontal, and feedback processing
... are more than mere RF ‘surrounds’ [28], and may be neural correlates of perceptual phenomena. Modulations of response strength in V1 have been shown to correlate with perceptual ‘pop-out’ [29,30], perceived brightness [31], perceptual grouping of line segments [32], and figure–ground segregation for ...
... are more than mere RF ‘surrounds’ [28], and may be neural correlates of perceptual phenomena. Modulations of response strength in V1 have been shown to correlate with perceptual ‘pop-out’ [29,30], perceived brightness [31], perceptual grouping of line segments [32], and figure–ground segregation for ...
NIH Public Access
... Despite the compelling empirical support for this model of PTSD pathophysiology, there are strong reasons to seek additional corroborative evidence. Whereas conditioned fear can be measured across species with relatively simple autonomic or behavioral responses that may even occur non-consciously in ...
... Despite the compelling empirical support for this model of PTSD pathophysiology, there are strong reasons to seek additional corroborative evidence. Whereas conditioned fear can be measured across species with relatively simple autonomic or behavioral responses that may even occur non-consciously in ...
Current advances and pressing problems in studies of stopping
... synchronize rIFC and STN to interrupt movement preparation must also be tempered. One study reporting increased intracranial b power over rIFC when responses were canceled was clear in just one of four patients [11]. In monkeys, increased b power has been observed in cortical areas in which no neuro ...
... synchronize rIFC and STN to interrupt movement preparation must also be tempered. One study reporting increased intracranial b power over rIFC when responses were canceled was clear in just one of four patients [11]. In monkeys, increased b power has been observed in cortical areas in which no neuro ...
A coincidence detector neural network model of selective attention
... experiments, explains how cues may interact with perceptual load, and takes into account the effects of salience. The model is based on recent findings about the neural synchronization between cortical areas during the execution of attentional tasks (Fries, Reynolds, Rorie, & Desimone, 2001) and it ...
... experiments, explains how cues may interact with perceptual load, and takes into account the effects of salience. The model is based on recent findings about the neural synchronization between cortical areas during the execution of attentional tasks (Fries, Reynolds, Rorie, & Desimone, 2001) and it ...
Neuroimaging predictors of treatment response in anxiety disorders Open Access
... non-responders on a pre-treatment neuroimaging measure (e.g., amygdala activation). For example, if treatment responders as a group were found to have lower pretreatment amygdala activation than non-responders, then lower amygdala activation would be considered to be predictive of a better response ...
... non-responders on a pre-treatment neuroimaging measure (e.g., amygdala activation). For example, if treatment responders as a group were found to have lower pretreatment amygdala activation than non-responders, then lower amygdala activation would be considered to be predictive of a better response ...
Forward Prediction in the Posterior Parietal Cortex and Dynamic
... (Kleinfeld and Deschênes, 2011). However, it is unclear where and how re-afferent signals are integrated with sensory inputs to form forward predictions leading to future movements, rather than solely monitoring them. Most studies in sensorimotor neurophysiology have utilized reactive movements to s ...
... (Kleinfeld and Deschênes, 2011). However, it is unclear where and how re-afferent signals are integrated with sensory inputs to form forward predictions leading to future movements, rather than solely monitoring them. Most studies in sensorimotor neurophysiology have utilized reactive movements to s ...
Selective visual attention and perceptual coherence
... initiated by transient switch signals that ‘reset’ or ‘nudge’ the brain out of the current attractor state, allowing a new coherence field to be formed based on input from the sensory environment and from working memory, where current task goals are maintained. Attention biases competition for repre ...
... initiated by transient switch signals that ‘reset’ or ‘nudge’ the brain out of the current attractor state, allowing a new coherence field to be formed based on input from the sensory environment and from working memory, where current task goals are maintained. Attention biases competition for repre ...
(fMRI) in Brain Tumour Patients
... and lip pouting, for somatotopic mapping along the motor cortex. Commonly used tasks to activate the language areas are verb-to-noun generation (Figure 2), passive listening, and picture naming [7]. The baseline condition can simply consist of no activity or stimulus presentation, but may also be us ...
... and lip pouting, for somatotopic mapping along the motor cortex. Commonly used tasks to activate the language areas are verb-to-noun generation (Figure 2), passive listening, and picture naming [7]. The baseline condition can simply consist of no activity or stimulus presentation, but may also be us ...
Encoding of Rules by Neurons in the Human Dorsolateral Prefrontal
... humans is still poorly understood, in part because of the lack of availability of single-neuronal recordings. In addition, it is challenging to establish whether abstract rules are similarly represented in humans who often process sensory cues under complex analogical contexts that may not be easily ...
... humans is still poorly understood, in part because of the lack of availability of single-neuronal recordings. In addition, it is challenging to establish whether abstract rules are similarly represented in humans who often process sensory cues under complex analogical contexts that may not be easily ...
PROJECTIONS OF THE AMYGDALOID BODY TO THE INSULAR
... cortex too. The above discrepancies might be caused by the use of different methods, they might also be related to differences in the delineation of the insular cortex. The greatest number of labeled neurons were found in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala. Its ventral part projects mainly to the a ...
... cortex too. The above discrepancies might be caused by the use of different methods, they might also be related to differences in the delineation of the insular cortex. The greatest number of labeled neurons were found in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala. Its ventral part projects mainly to the a ...
Perception, action, and word meanings in the human brain: the case
... that are responsible for the behavioral interactions. That is, these results provide evidence of interaction, but not of isomorphism between word meanings and perception. First, it is possible that interaction between perception and comprehension happens in secondary perceptual regions such as the p ...
... that are responsible for the behavioral interactions. That is, these results provide evidence of interaction, but not of isomorphism between word meanings and perception. First, it is possible that interaction between perception and comprehension happens in secondary perceptual regions such as the p ...
The Ventrolateral Hypothalamic Area and the Parvafox Nucleus
... 3V, third ventricle; cp, cerebral peduncle; oc: optic chiasm; mt, mammillothalamic tract (reproduced from Meszar et al., 2012). B: Projection of the parvafox nucleus onto the inferior surface of a rat brain. IIn, optic nerve; IP, interpeduncular region; P, pons; cer, cerebellum (reproduced from Celi ...
... 3V, third ventricle; cp, cerebral peduncle; oc: optic chiasm; mt, mammillothalamic tract (reproduced from Meszar et al., 2012). B: Projection of the parvafox nucleus onto the inferior surface of a rat brain. IIn, optic nerve; IP, interpeduncular region; P, pons; cer, cerebellum (reproduced from Celi ...
Does Mental Activity Change the Oxidative Metabolism of the Brain?
... and posterior thalamus. These focal metabolic increases were so strong that the CMRO, of the whole brain increased by 10%. The rCBF increased proportionally in these active fields and structures, such that d(rCBF) in ml/100 gm/min = 11.1 d(rCMR0,). Thus, a dynamic coupling of the rCBF to the rCMR0, ...
... and posterior thalamus. These focal metabolic increases were so strong that the CMRO, of the whole brain increased by 10%. The rCBF increased proportionally in these active fields and structures, such that d(rCBF) in ml/100 gm/min = 11.1 d(rCMR0,). Thus, a dynamic coupling of the rCBF to the rCMR0, ...
Perception, action, and word meanings in the human brain
... that are responsible for the behavioral interactions. That is, these results provide evidence of interaction, but not of isomorphism between word meanings and perception. First, it is possible that interaction between perception and comprehension happens in secondary perceptual regions such as the p ...
... that are responsible for the behavioral interactions. That is, these results provide evidence of interaction, but not of isomorphism between word meanings and perception. First, it is possible that interaction between perception and comprehension happens in secondary perceptual regions such as the p ...
The dual-pathway model of auditory signal
... neuroanatomically segregated based on task demands even when stimuli are identical across tasks. Nevertheless, studies in this line of dissociation of “where” and “what” processing have adopted working memory paradigms that require sound information to be perceived, temporarily stored, reorganized, ...
... neuroanatomically segregated based on task demands even when stimuli are identical across tasks. Nevertheless, studies in this line of dissociation of “where” and “what” processing have adopted working memory paradigms that require sound information to be perceived, temporarily stored, reorganized, ...
The Functional Organization of Perception and Movement
... sensory input to the primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex but is more than simply a relay. It acts as a gatekeeper for information to the cerebral cortex, preventing or enhancing the passage of specific information depending on the behavioral state of the animal. The thalamus is a good examp ...
... sensory input to the primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex but is more than simply a relay. It acts as a gatekeeper for information to the cerebral cortex, preventing or enhancing the passage of specific information depending on the behavioral state of the animal. The thalamus is a good examp ...
Drives and emotions: the hypothalamus and limbic system
... adenohypophysis; F, fornix; Fp, precommissural part of the fornix (see Fig. 24-17); G, great cerebral vein (of Galen); GPe, external segment of the globus pallidus; GPi, internal segment of the globus pallidus; I, intermediate part of the adenohypophysis; IF, interventricular foramen; Inf, infundibu ...
... adenohypophysis; F, fornix; Fp, precommissural part of the fornix (see Fig. 24-17); G, great cerebral vein (of Galen); GPe, external segment of the globus pallidus; GPi, internal segment of the globus pallidus; I, intermediate part of the adenohypophysis; IF, interventricular foramen; Inf, infundibu ...
review - NYU Psychology
... Most of our knowledge about basic neurobiological mechanisms of fear learning stems from classical conditioning. In a typical fear conditioning protocol, a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with a naturally aversive stimulus (unconditioned stimulus, US), leading to a conditioned fear respo ...
... Most of our knowledge about basic neurobiological mechanisms of fear learning stems from classical conditioning. In a typical fear conditioning protocol, a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with a naturally aversive stimulus (unconditioned stimulus, US), leading to a conditioned fear respo ...
Local Field Potential in the Visual System
... An interesting and hitherto largely unexplored issue is whether the LFP itself exerts any ephaptic influence on neural processing, such that the extracellular voltage fluctuations of the LFP might be sensed by local neurons and in turn influence, for example, their excitability. This remains an open is ...
... An interesting and hitherto largely unexplored issue is whether the LFP itself exerts any ephaptic influence on neural processing, such that the extracellular voltage fluctuations of the LFP might be sensed by local neurons and in turn influence, for example, their excitability. This remains an open is ...
A double-dissociation of English past
... McClelland, 1986; MacWhinney and Leinbach, 1991; Plunkett and Marchman, 1991), or, more recently, as non-homogeneous networks including distinct groups of units for different types of representations (phonological and semantic), 1 (Joanisse and Seidenberg, 1999). Importantly, it has been claimed tha ...
... McClelland, 1986; MacWhinney and Leinbach, 1991; Plunkett and Marchman, 1991), or, more recently, as non-homogeneous networks including distinct groups of units for different types of representations (phonological and semantic), 1 (Joanisse and Seidenberg, 1999). Importantly, it has been claimed tha ...
Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation Polymicrogyria
... been reported in monozygotic twin recipients and donors of twin-twin transfusions; it was thought to have resulted from blood pressure instability leading to hypoxia-ischemia (5, 6). Inhibition of neuronal chemotaxis may also lead to polymicrogyria (2). Chromosomal abnormalities have been implicated ...
... been reported in monozygotic twin recipients and donors of twin-twin transfusions; it was thought to have resulted from blood pressure instability leading to hypoxia-ischemia (5, 6). Inhibition of neuronal chemotaxis may also lead to polymicrogyria (2). Chromosomal abnormalities have been implicated ...
Imagery and Perception Share Cortical
... After the main fMRI experiment, each participant performed 5 localizer runs (duration 180 s each) to identify category-selective regions for bodies, places, and houses, as well as high-level cortex that responds more to pictures of objects than to scrambled counterparts without a clear category pref ...
... After the main fMRI experiment, each participant performed 5 localizer runs (duration 180 s each) to identify category-selective regions for bodies, places, and houses, as well as high-level cortex that responds more to pictures of objects than to scrambled counterparts without a clear category pref ...
The neural basis of the speed–accuracy tradeoff - Eric
... have researchers begun to study the neural basis of SAT, using experimental methods and neurocomputational models. This review focuses on three key aspects of SAT that this recent work has helped bring to the fore: (i) what processing stage does SAT affect? (ii) does speed emphasis cause an increase ...
... have researchers begun to study the neural basis of SAT, using experimental methods and neurocomputational models. This review focuses on three key aspects of SAT that this recent work has helped bring to the fore: (i) what processing stage does SAT affect? (ii) does speed emphasis cause an increase ...
Changing Fear: The Neurocircuitry of Emotion Regulation
... A primary technique for investigating the mechanisms underlying emotional associative learning is Pavlovian conditioning. During a typical Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigm, a previously neutral stimulus, such as a tone (the conditioned stimulus, or CS) acquires emotional significance through pai ...
... A primary technique for investigating the mechanisms underlying emotional associative learning is Pavlovian conditioning. During a typical Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigm, a previously neutral stimulus, such as a tone (the conditioned stimulus, or CS) acquires emotional significance through pai ...
Neural Correlates of Learning in the Prefrontal Cortex of the Monkey
... animal touches the lever indicated by the instruction; it receives a drop of liquid as a reward. The light provides information as to where to touch (instruction stimulus), whereas the trigger only determines the moment of touching (go signal). This task requires the spatial information contained in ...
... animal touches the lever indicated by the instruction; it receives a drop of liquid as a reward. The light provides information as to where to touch (instruction stimulus), whereas the trigger only determines the moment of touching (go signal). This task requires the spatial information contained in ...