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Chapter 13 - Integration
Chapter 13 - Integration

...  Awareness of body position and movements of parts of the body is provided by the proprioceptive (one’s own), or kinesthetic (motion) sense.  It informs us of: o the degree to which muscles are contracted o the amount of tension created in tendons o the change of position of a joint o the orientat ...
Autonomic NS
Autonomic NS

... Imagine you are in an acutely stressful situation such as when you encounter a bear during a hike in the woods. What branch of the efferent peripheral nervous system contains the neurons that will increase activity to control visceral organ system responses to this situation? (Circle your answer) ...
Chapter 1 - Illinois State University Websites
Chapter 1 - Illinois State University Websites

... • Because of procedural memory functions, Basal Ganglia also modulate: – Learning and execution of specific motor and cognitive skills – Especially skills critical for understanding and using aspects of grammar. – Grammar involves word order, structure, rules for language ...
chapter 8 movement
chapter 8 movement

... • Reflexes of the Life Span – Some reflexes are present in early childhood and then diminish as the nervous system matures – Reappearance of immature reflex in adult can indicate brain damage or use of alcohol or drugs ...
Neural Basis of Motor Control
Neural Basis of Motor Control

... Remember, sodium has a positive charge, so the neuron becomes more positive and becomes depolarized. It takes longer for potassium channels to open. When they do open, potassium rushes out of the cell, reversing the depolarization. Also at about this time, sodium channels start to close. This causes ...
presentation source
presentation source

... ...
A1982NC82200001
A1982NC82200001

... were made1 in response to visual or auditory stimulation. Similar ‘motor potentials’ were recorded when movements were self-initiated, but in contrast to the stimulus-triggered condition, activity 2preceded the movements by one second or more. These ‘readiness potentials,’3 concurrently reported by ...
Answers to Test Your Knowledge questions for
Answers to Test Your Knowledge questions for

... If you are unsure about the precise mode of action of neurotransmission and neuromodulation, you might like to consult Chapter 3, where these terms are explained. Neurotransmitter would be employed where ballistic action is called for as in the brain rapidly instigating a response or in inhibiting a ...
Movement
Movement

...  Hyperkinesia (rapid involuntary movements) as seen in Huntington’s disease. ...
The Sensorimotor System
The Sensorimotor System

... Two kinds of explicit memory: Semantic memory (general information) may function normally while episodic memory (events that one has experienced) does not – they are able to learn facts, but do not remember doing so (the episode when it occurred) ...
PowerPoint 프레젠테이션
PowerPoint 프레젠테이션

... a target of inputs from S1 areas 3, 1, and 2. area 7 a target of higher-order visual cortical areas such as MT. prefrontal area → abstract thought, decision making, and anticipating the consequences of action extensively connected with the parietal lobes. Both the prefrontal and the parietal cortex ...
7-Physiology of brain stem2016-09-25 05:204.2 MB
7-Physiology of brain stem2016-09-25 05:204.2 MB

... The frontal eye field (FEF) projects to the opposite side at the midbrain-pontine junction, and then innervates the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF). From there, projections directly innervate the lateral rectus (contralateral to FEF) and the medial rectus muscle (ipsilateral to FEF). T ...
Document
Document

...  indirect projections from cortex to brainstem and brainstem itself can sustain motor behaviour involving proximal muscles.  Direct projections for the motor cortex to the spinal cord provide the speed and agility of movements, these enable precision of finger movement.  Eg. After motor cortex da ...
Control of Movement
Control of Movement

... Ventral ...
Grounded cognition Mirror neurons Mirror neurons Mirror neurons in
Grounded cognition Mirror neurons Mirror neurons Mirror neurons in

... F5 neurons discharged at the same phase of grasping, regardless of the type ...
Slide ()
Slide ()

... The functional organization of the motor map of a rat changes rapidly after transection of the facial nerve. (Reproduced, with permission, from Sanes et al. 1988 and from Jacobs and Donoghue 1991.) A. A surface view of the rat's frontal cortex shows the normal somatotopic arrangement of areas repres ...
No Slide Title - people.vcu.edu
No Slide Title - people.vcu.edu

... ...
Lecture 3
Lecture 3

... • derived from hindbrain but not part of brain stem. • connected to pons and medulla by cerebellar peduncles that are made up of axons entering and leaving the cerebellum • 4th ventricle separates it from brain stem. ...
Motor Systems - University of Sunderland
Motor Systems - University of Sunderland

... • A muscle is made up of multiple muscle fibers—multinucleate cells in mammals that contain myosin and actin (elastic). These are excitable cells like neurons. • In higher vertebrates, each fiber is innervated by a single motoneuron, but a single motoneuron can innervate many fibers of a single type ...
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Association Cortex
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Association Cortex

... the sensorimotor system have patterns of activity programmed into them and complex movements are produced by activating these programs  Cerebellum and basal ganglia then serve to coordinate the various programs ...
Basal Gang Dental 2011
Basal Gang Dental 2011

... • Motor Neuron Disease = Lower Motor neuron 3. Identify the structures involved in: • Huntington's Disease • Parkinson's Disease I. Introduction A. General features of the basal ganglia, one of our 3 major motor control centers: 1. Involved in motor, cognitive and affective tasks 2. Do not project d ...
The Brainstem
The Brainstem

... • Red nucleus – arm flexion, damage results in a decerebrate posture which is a poor clinical sign • Cerebral peduncles – axons of descending motor neurons to innervate the brainstem and spinal cord ...
Neurology-Movement Disorders
Neurology-Movement Disorders

... Disorders of the basal ganglia (extrapyramidal disorders) a. Ticks and tremors. Do not cause weakness or reflex changes. b. Their hallmark is involuntary movement (dyskinesia) and changes in muscle tone and posture Cerebellar disorders a. Casue abnormalities in the range, rate, and force of movement ...
The supraspinal control of movements
The supraspinal control of movements

... – Adiadochokinesis – Alteration of muscle tone – Dyssynergia (decomposition of movements) – Rebound phenomenon ...
UNIT XI
UNIT XI

... • Axons that do not connect or connect with wrong type of cell dissolve • Nerves will not develop for a blocked eye. • 50% or more of original neurons in parts of cerebral cortex are eliminated. • This is a type of memory. • Plasticity continues to a lesser extent in later life. – E.g. can recover a ...
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Muscle memory

Muscle memory has been used synonymously with motor learning, which is a form of procedural memory that involves consolidating a specific motor task into memory through repetition. When a movement is repeated over time, a long-term muscle memory is created for that task, eventually allowing it to be performed without conscious effort. This process decreases the need for attention and creates maximum efficiency within the motor and memory systems. Examples of muscle memory are found in many everyday activities that become automatic and improve with practice, such as riding a bicycle, typing on a keyboard, typing in a PIN, playing a musical instrument, or martial arts.
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