Key Concepts
... linear replicons: - The problem may be circumvented by converting a linear replicon into a circular or multimeric molecule. Phages such as T4 or lambda use such mechanisms (see Section 16.4). - The DNA may form an unusual structure—for example, by creating a hairpin at the terminus, so that there is ...
... linear replicons: - The problem may be circumvented by converting a linear replicon into a circular or multimeric molecule. Phages such as T4 or lambda use such mechanisms (see Section 16.4). - The DNA may form an unusual structure—for example, by creating a hairpin at the terminus, so that there is ...
DNA Technology Power Point
... experiments a plasmid is isolated from a bacterium. Using restriction enzymes the plasmid is then cut and a DONOR GENE (specific gene isolated from another organism is spliced into it) Then the plasmid is returned to the bacterium, where it is replicated as the bacterium divides, making copies of th ...
... experiments a plasmid is isolated from a bacterium. Using restriction enzymes the plasmid is then cut and a DONOR GENE (specific gene isolated from another organism is spliced into it) Then the plasmid is returned to the bacterium, where it is replicated as the bacterium divides, making copies of th ...
Mobile genetic elements in antibiotic resistance
... with the subsequent acquisition of the genes we see today. This was, however, a very ancient event. Resistance plasmids are similar to plasmids found in strains of gram-negative rods isolated before the antibiotic era that do not carry resistance mechanisms, indicating that resistance genes must hav ...
... with the subsequent acquisition of the genes we see today. This was, however, a very ancient event. Resistance plasmids are similar to plasmids found in strains of gram-negative rods isolated before the antibiotic era that do not carry resistance mechanisms, indicating that resistance genes must hav ...
Transformations Lab Report (#2)
... To properly understand the logic behind transformation, one must begin with plasmids. Plasmids are circular pieces of DNA that code for useful genetic information. They often contain code for bacterial growth. The code for resistance to an antibiotic is usually incorporated into plasmids that are pr ...
... To properly understand the logic behind transformation, one must begin with plasmids. Plasmids are circular pieces of DNA that code for useful genetic information. They often contain code for bacterial growth. The code for resistance to an antibiotic is usually incorporated into plasmids that are pr ...
Bacteria - Rochester Community Schools
... • Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) refers to the transfer of genes between organisms in a manner other than traditional reproduction. Also termed lateral gene transfer, it contrasts with vertical transfer, the transmission of genes from the parental generation to offspring via sexual or asexual repro ...
... • Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) refers to the transfer of genes between organisms in a manner other than traditional reproduction. Also termed lateral gene transfer, it contrasts with vertical transfer, the transmission of genes from the parental generation to offspring via sexual or asexual repro ...
ara Operon
... • Study of biological processes (example: synthesis of proteins) • Localization and regulation of gene expression • Cell movement • Cell fate during development ...
... • Study of biological processes (example: synthesis of proteins) • Localization and regulation of gene expression • Cell movement • Cell fate during development ...
Molecular genetics in Streptococcus thermophilus
... stable way and may be lost under nonselective growth conditions. This may in particular be true for plasmid systems which are genetically engineered and carry heterologous DNA. Selection applied for ensuring plasmid maintenance in most cases make use of marker genes referring resistance to antibioti ...
... stable way and may be lost under nonselective growth conditions. This may in particular be true for plasmid systems which are genetically engineered and carry heterologous DNA. Selection applied for ensuring plasmid maintenance in most cases make use of marker genes referring resistance to antibioti ...
Genetic Technology
... Restriction enzymes are proteins used to cut DNA between certain neulceotides on both strands of DNA There are many different restriction enzymes that are specific for different genes (DNA sequences) ...
... Restriction enzymes are proteins used to cut DNA between certain neulceotides on both strands of DNA There are many different restriction enzymes that are specific for different genes (DNA sequences) ...
Lab 8 Biotech Bacterial Transformation
... This biotechnology depends on plasmids, small circles of DNA that were found first in bacteria. Plasmids allow molecular biologists to manipulate genetic information in a laboratory setting to understand more fully how DNA operates. Plasmids also let us move DNA from one bacterium to another easily. ...
... This biotechnology depends on plasmids, small circles of DNA that were found first in bacteria. Plasmids allow molecular biologists to manipulate genetic information in a laboratory setting to understand more fully how DNA operates. Plasmids also let us move DNA from one bacterium to another easily. ...
Document
... At least one of the antibiotic resistance genes is intact. The enzyme cuts the plasmid only once The cut is close to the promoter sequence 3. On the Human DNA Sequence (RM 3), scan the human DNA sequence and determine where the three restriction enzymes, BamHI, EcoRI, and HindIII, would cut t ...
... At least one of the antibiotic resistance genes is intact. The enzyme cuts the plasmid only once The cut is close to the promoter sequence 3. On the Human DNA Sequence (RM 3), scan the human DNA sequence and determine where the three restriction enzymes, BamHI, EcoRI, and HindIII, would cut t ...
D: Glossary of Acronyms and Terms
... DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): The molecule that is the repository of genetic information in all organisms (with the exception of a small number of viruses in which the hereditary material is ribonucleic acid—RNA). The information coded by DNA determines the structure and function of an organism. Domi ...
... DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): The molecule that is the repository of genetic information in all organisms (with the exception of a small number of viruses in which the hereditary material is ribonucleic acid—RNA). The information coded by DNA determines the structure and function of an organism. Domi ...
Bacteria and Archaea Chapter 27A:
... • such membrane infoldings are not considered to be true organelles such as those found in eukaryotes ...
... • such membrane infoldings are not considered to be true organelles such as those found in eukaryotes ...
No Slide Title
... Interestingly, each of these proteins is coded for in DNA they also replicate. ...
... Interestingly, each of these proteins is coded for in DNA they also replicate. ...
Genetic Engineering and Gene Technology
... developed, diabetics were treated using pig insulin. There were some problems with this: Human insulin and pig insulin are not identical, so pig insulin isn’t as effective as human insulin. Pig insulin can cause adverse reactions in patients Pig insulin is very expensive to produce Shortage of ...
... developed, diabetics were treated using pig insulin. There were some problems with this: Human insulin and pig insulin are not identical, so pig insulin isn’t as effective as human insulin. Pig insulin can cause adverse reactions in patients Pig insulin is very expensive to produce Shortage of ...
Forever 100bp Ladder Personalizer
... distinguished from any existing commercialized consumables 100 bp DNA ladder. This system supplies templates (plasmids) which will be used to amplify size markers. Since 12 differently sized fragments were cloned into plasmids, it has a unique feature of endless usage with this system. Another featu ...
... distinguished from any existing commercialized consumables 100 bp DNA ladder. This system supplies templates (plasmids) which will be used to amplify size markers. Since 12 differently sized fragments were cloned into plasmids, it has a unique feature of endless usage with this system. Another featu ...
357 CHAPTER 21 Nucleoid . Plasmids . SPORES
... even as the latter are being made; no transport of mRNA from where it is made to where it functions is needed. ...
... even as the latter are being made; no transport of mRNA from where it is made to where it functions is needed. ...
Microbiology Babylon university 2nd stage pharmacy collage
... Restriction enzymes (restriction endonucleases) provide bacteria with a mechanism to distinguish between their own DNA and DNA from other biologic sources. These enzymes hydrolyze DNA at restriction sites determined by specific DNA sequences ranging from four to 13 bases. In this specificity of sequ ...
... Restriction enzymes (restriction endonucleases) provide bacteria with a mechanism to distinguish between their own DNA and DNA from other biologic sources. These enzymes hydrolyze DNA at restriction sites determined by specific DNA sequences ranging from four to 13 bases. In this specificity of sequ ...
Recombinant DNA Lab
... Recombinant DNA refers to DNA of one organism inserted into the DNA of another. A Transformation refers to the process of creating recombinant DNA. The major tools of recombinant DNA technology are bacterial enzymes called restriction enzymes. Each enzyme recognizes a short, specific nucleotide sequ ...
... Recombinant DNA refers to DNA of one organism inserted into the DNA of another. A Transformation refers to the process of creating recombinant DNA. The major tools of recombinant DNA technology are bacterial enzymes called restriction enzymes. Each enzyme recognizes a short, specific nucleotide sequ ...
Agrobacterium
... Sometimes, this fragment will be incorporated into the host (human) genome. Problems: Viruses are scary and germy! Immune system response can be serious. The fragment could happen to land in the middle of a functional gene. More feasible: implant stem cells that have undergone genetic engineering. ...
... Sometimes, this fragment will be incorporated into the host (human) genome. Problems: Viruses are scary and germy! Immune system response can be serious. The fragment could happen to land in the middle of a functional gene. More feasible: implant stem cells that have undergone genetic engineering. ...
Molecular Biology
... Cosmids are plasmids containing phage lambda cos ends, they are 4 to 6 kb in size and are specifically designed for cloning of large DNA fragments (up to 45 kb). They have (i) a drug resistance marker (such as the ampicillin resistance gene), (ii) a plasmid origin of replication (ori), (iii) a fragm ...
... Cosmids are plasmids containing phage lambda cos ends, they are 4 to 6 kb in size and are specifically designed for cloning of large DNA fragments (up to 45 kb). They have (i) a drug resistance marker (such as the ampicillin resistance gene), (ii) a plasmid origin of replication (ori), (iii) a fragm ...
cloning vectors
... The first cloning vectors to be used, in the mid-1970s, were naturally occurring bacterial plasmids, originally from Escherichia coli. Plasmids are small, extra-chromosomal, circular DNA molecules that autonomously replicate inside the bacterial cell. They are convenient for the cloning of small DNA ...
... The first cloning vectors to be used, in the mid-1970s, were naturally occurring bacterial plasmids, originally from Escherichia coli. Plasmids are small, extra-chromosomal, circular DNA molecules that autonomously replicate inside the bacterial cell. They are convenient for the cloning of small DNA ...
File
... • Roman numerals differentiate between enzymes from the same source – Usually numbered by order which they were found/discovered ...
... • Roman numerals differentiate between enzymes from the same source – Usually numbered by order which they were found/discovered ...
13-Biotechbasics-website - kyoussef-mci
... In this example, a human gene is inserted into a plasmid from E. coli. The plasmid contains the ampR gene, which makes E. coli cells resistant to the antibiotic ampicillin. It also contains the lacZ gene, which encodes -galactosidase. This enzyme hydrolyzes a molecular mimic of lactose (X-gal) to f ...
... In this example, a human gene is inserted into a plasmid from E. coli. The plasmid contains the ampR gene, which makes E. coli cells resistant to the antibiotic ampicillin. It also contains the lacZ gene, which encodes -galactosidase. This enzyme hydrolyzes a molecular mimic of lactose (X-gal) to f ...
Plasmid
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A plasmid is a small DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from a chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently. They are most commonly found in bacteria as small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules; however, plasmids are sometimes present in archaea and eukaryotic organisms. In nature, plasmids often carry genes that may benefit the survival of the organism, for example antibiotic resistance. While the chromosomes are big and contain all the essential information for living, plasmids usually are very small and contain only additional information. Artificial plasmids are widely used as vectors in molecular cloning, serving to drive the replication of recombinant DNA sequences within host organisms.Plasmids are considered replicons, a unit of DNA capable of replicating autonomously within a suitable host. However, plasmids, like viruses, are not generally classified as life. Plasmids can be transmitted from one bacterium to another (even of another species) via three main mechanisms: transformation, transduction, and conjugation. This host-to-host transfer of genetic material is called horizontal gene transfer, and plasmids can be considered part of the mobilome. Unlike viruses (which encase their genetic material in a protective protein coat called a capsid), plasmids are ""naked"" DNA and do not encode genes necessary to encase the genetic material for transfer to a new host. However, some classes of plasmids encode the conjugative ""sex"" pilus necessary for their own transfer. The size of the plasmid varies from 1 to over 200 kbp, and the number of identical plasmids in a single cell can range anywhere from one to thousands under some circumstances.The relationship between microbes and plasmid DNA is neither parasitic nor mutualistic, because each implies the presence of an independent species living in a detrimental or commensal state with the host organism. Rather, plasmids provide a mechanism for horizontal gene transfer within a population of microbes and typically provide a selective advantage under a given environmental state. Plasmids may carry genes that provide resistance to naturally occurring antibiotics in a competitive environmental niche, or the proteins produced may act as toxins under similar circumstances, or allow the organism to utilize particular organic compounds that would be advantageous when nutrients are scarce.