BIOTECHNOLOGY -intentional manipulation of
... Tools of Biotechnology 1. Plasmids: manipulating bacteria ...
... Tools of Biotechnology 1. Plasmids: manipulating bacteria ...
GENETIC ENGINEERING - PLASMIDS, EPISOMES
... such enzymes, scientists learned to cut specific genes from DNA and to build customized DNA using these genes. They also learned about vectors, strands of DNA such as viruses, which can infect a cell and insert themselves into its DNA. With this knowledge, scientists started to build vectors which i ...
... such enzymes, scientists learned to cut specific genes from DNA and to build customized DNA using these genes. They also learned about vectors, strands of DNA such as viruses, which can infect a cell and insert themselves into its DNA. With this knowledge, scientists started to build vectors which i ...
Plasmids by Dr. Ty C.M. Hoffman
... circular chromosome of a bacterium, only much smaller. The bacterial chromosome contains all the genes that code for proteins that are necessary for survival under normal circumstances. Plasmids represent DNA ...
... circular chromosome of a bacterium, only much smaller. The bacterial chromosome contains all the genes that code for proteins that are necessary for survival under normal circumstances. Plasmids represent DNA ...
PLASMIDS AND RESTRICTION ENZYMES
... bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria by injecting their DNA into the cell and commandeering the host cell’s molecular processes to make more bacteriophage). Investigation of this primitive “immune system” led to the discovery of restriction enzymes, proteins that restricted the growth of bac ...
... bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria by injecting their DNA into the cell and commandeering the host cell’s molecular processes to make more bacteriophage). Investigation of this primitive “immune system” led to the discovery of restriction enzymes, proteins that restricted the growth of bac ...
![528 MISCELLANEOUS METHODS [32] [32] An Agarose Gel](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/022443032_1-e3381ebef96c7285b7f08982fb9c5a10-300x300.png)
528 MISCELLANEOUS METHODS [32] [32] An Agarose Gel
... used to identify and partially characterize a number of activities, with different DNA-binding specificities, present in yeast cell lysates. While it differs from other recently described a s s a y s 1'6'7 in the use of agarose gels and restricted whole plasmids to screen yeast crude lysates for bin ...
... used to identify and partially characterize a number of activities, with different DNA-binding specificities, present in yeast cell lysates. While it differs from other recently described a s s a y s 1'6'7 in the use of agarose gels and restricted whole plasmids to screen yeast crude lysates for bin ...
DNA technology
... Recombinant DNA & Plasmids Combining genes from different sources and/or species ...
... Recombinant DNA & Plasmids Combining genes from different sources and/or species ...
Sources of DNA
... Gene expression in prok. cells is rel. simple. Operons are one or more genes and their controlling interests Operons are the main way that prokaryotes regulate gene ...
... Gene expression in prok. cells is rel. simple. Operons are one or more genes and their controlling interests Operons are the main way that prokaryotes regulate gene ...
Conjugative DNA transfer, antibiotic resistance and MDR bacteria
... Transfer of information is oneway from donor to recipient Cells must be in close cell-cell contact for DNA transfer to occur ...
... Transfer of information is oneway from donor to recipient Cells must be in close cell-cell contact for DNA transfer to occur ...
File
... a small portion of the cytoplasm – When conditions improve can germinate and return to normal cell division – Bacteria causing tetanus, botulism, and anthrax ...
... a small portion of the cytoplasm – When conditions improve can germinate and return to normal cell division – Bacteria causing tetanus, botulism, and anthrax ...
Genetic Exchange - Pennsylvania State University
... capsid. • During phage replication and assembly, capsids may package chromosomal or plasmid DNA by mistake. • When transferred to a new host it may recombine. ...
... capsid. • During phage replication and assembly, capsids may package chromosomal or plasmid DNA by mistake. • When transferred to a new host it may recombine. ...
Q1 Explain the mechanisms by which a bacterium may become
... By transfer of resistant bacteria between people By transfer of resistance genes between bacteria (horizontal gene transfer), by: – Conjugation à Plasmids are extrachromosomal genetic elements that can carry g ...
... By transfer of resistant bacteria between people By transfer of resistance genes between bacteria (horizontal gene transfer), by: – Conjugation à Plasmids are extrachromosomal genetic elements that can carry g ...
Microbial genetics (Ch. 7) Part 3
... • Phage also can transduce genes when they insert themselves into the chromosome and later pop out with attached host DNA ...
... • Phage also can transduce genes when they insert themselves into the chromosome and later pop out with attached host DNA ...
Chloramphenicol PDF
... Chloramphenicol inhibits host protein synthesis and thus prevents replication of the host chromosome. Plasmid replication, however, is independent of newly synthesized proteins and continues for several hours until up to 2000–3000 copies per cell are accumulated. Alternatively, the cell culture can ...
... Chloramphenicol inhibits host protein synthesis and thus prevents replication of the host chromosome. Plasmid replication, however, is independent of newly synthesized proteins and continues for several hours until up to 2000–3000 copies per cell are accumulated. Alternatively, the cell culture can ...
060506-Meeting
... •F and RP4 exhibit differing pili lengths, biasing the order in which F and RP4 will conjugate •F and RP4 do no conjugate with themselves •F and RP4 are among the most studied and well-characterized conjugative plasmids •F and RP4 plasmids are readily available ...
... •F and RP4 exhibit differing pili lengths, biasing the order in which F and RP4 will conjugate •F and RP4 do no conjugate with themselves •F and RP4 are among the most studied and well-characterized conjugative plasmids •F and RP4 plasmids are readily available ...
What happened? Conjugation requires Plasmids
... •Contact is made, and DNA is transferred, by way of a conjugation pilus (conjugation bridge/sex pilus/F pilus) •Much larger amounts of DNA can be transferred by conjugation than by transformation or transduction ...
... •Contact is made, and DNA is transferred, by way of a conjugation pilus (conjugation bridge/sex pilus/F pilus) •Much larger amounts of DNA can be transferred by conjugation than by transformation or transduction ...
Transformation laboratory
... # of transformants per ug of DNA Our experiment uses: DNA concentration: 0.025 ug ...
... # of transformants per ug of DNA Our experiment uses: DNA concentration: 0.025 ug ...
genetic engineering - Skinners` School Science
... DNA found in bacteria) containing foreign genes by treating them with calcium salts. The cells receiving the plasmids are transgenic. Transgenic organisms contain additional DNA which has come from another organism The transgenic bacteria can be cultured and will express the inserted genes as if the ...
... DNA found in bacteria) containing foreign genes by treating them with calcium salts. The cells receiving the plasmids are transgenic. Transgenic organisms contain additional DNA which has come from another organism The transgenic bacteria can be cultured and will express the inserted genes as if the ...
Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)
... their cell walls - makes them better able to pick up plasmids; • rapidly growing cells are made competent more ...
... their cell walls - makes them better able to pick up plasmids; • rapidly growing cells are made competent more ...
Plasmid
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A plasmid is a small DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from a chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently. They are most commonly found in bacteria as small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules; however, plasmids are sometimes present in archaea and eukaryotic organisms. In nature, plasmids often carry genes that may benefit the survival of the organism, for example antibiotic resistance. While the chromosomes are big and contain all the essential information for living, plasmids usually are very small and contain only additional information. Artificial plasmids are widely used as vectors in molecular cloning, serving to drive the replication of recombinant DNA sequences within host organisms.Plasmids are considered replicons, a unit of DNA capable of replicating autonomously within a suitable host. However, plasmids, like viruses, are not generally classified as life. Plasmids can be transmitted from one bacterium to another (even of another species) via three main mechanisms: transformation, transduction, and conjugation. This host-to-host transfer of genetic material is called horizontal gene transfer, and plasmids can be considered part of the mobilome. Unlike viruses (which encase their genetic material in a protective protein coat called a capsid), plasmids are ""naked"" DNA and do not encode genes necessary to encase the genetic material for transfer to a new host. However, some classes of plasmids encode the conjugative ""sex"" pilus necessary for their own transfer. The size of the plasmid varies from 1 to over 200 kbp, and the number of identical plasmids in a single cell can range anywhere from one to thousands under some circumstances.The relationship between microbes and plasmid DNA is neither parasitic nor mutualistic, because each implies the presence of an independent species living in a detrimental or commensal state with the host organism. Rather, plasmids provide a mechanism for horizontal gene transfer within a population of microbes and typically provide a selective advantage under a given environmental state. Plasmids may carry genes that provide resistance to naturally occurring antibiotics in a competitive environmental niche, or the proteins produced may act as toxins under similar circumstances, or allow the organism to utilize particular organic compounds that would be advantageous when nutrients are scarce.