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... was further divided into three subsections (Caryophyllacea, Androsacea and Microcalycina). The subsectional grouping is entirely based on the inflorescence type and it provides great assistance to those trying to identify Acantholimon specimens but, nevertheless, the infrageneric classification seem ...
Field Guide Determining Tree Species in the Riparian Corridor
Field Guide Determining Tree Species in the Riparian Corridor

... THERE ARE SEVEN READILY recognizable hickories in Missouri but bitternut hickory is the only hickory tree which has long, sulphur-yellow colored buds. It is widely distributed over the state. The nut is nearly globe-shaped and covered by a thin husk which is partially winged along the lines where it ...
glenbogal aquatic plant list
glenbogal aquatic plant list

... plant growing up to 30cm. Ideally suited to moist soil. Relatively winter hardy. NZ Native: Green leafed plant with a reddish brown stem. Flowers small trumpet-like white flowers. Plants grow marginally or in water up to 1 metre. Prefers areas of semi shade, does not perform well in the full sun. Re ...
Afternoon Teas - Llangoed Hall
Afternoon Teas - Llangoed Hall

... A combination of teas from thousands of miles apart to create this strongly aromatic comforting taste. Assam for strength, Ceylon for depth and Kenyan for colour. Assam In 1973, encouraged by the exceptional quality from the ‘Manjushree’ plantation, the owners decided to found a further garden, the ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... stigmatic surface; usually by a pollinator. This means that if a flower is pollinated, then all the teeny, tiny ovules that have formed in the ovary will be fertilized. You can think of this as an all-or-nothing pollination strategy. The aerial roots in many epiphytic orchids have a special layer on ...
video slide
video slide

... • Lateral meristems add thickness to woody plants, a process called secondary growth • There are two lateral meristems: the vascular cambium and the cork cambium ...
PDF - Woody Plants Database
PDF - Woody Plants Database

... (dewt'see-ah gras'i-lis) ...
panhandle lily - Florida Natural Areas Inventory
panhandle lily - Florida Natural Areas Inventory

... feet tall. Leaves lance-shaped, 2 - 3.5 inches long and 1 inch wide at widest point; whorled at mid-stem, alternate above and below. Flowers nodding at top of stems; petals yellowish-orange with brown spots, curved sharply backwards; stamens long and dangling, with brownish-red anthers. Flowers not ...
Threatened plant species in your bush
Threatened plant species in your bush

... modified leaves (phyllodes) that are tough and leathery with a very sharp point. Yellow flowers with short stalks are attached to the plant at the base of the stem (axil). It may be confused with southern spiny wattle (Acacia riceana), dagger wattle (Acacia siculiformis), and spreading wattle (Acaci ...
Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa)
Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa)

... Banaba has been used in Filipino folkloric herbal medicine for the treatment of diabetes for centuries. It is now gaining popularity and getting recognition as a herbal medicine not only in the Philippines but worldwide. Banaba is also known as Queen's Flower, Crepe Myrtle and the Pride of India. I ...
tropical regions species of orchids either hang large numbers
tropical regions species of orchids either hang large numbers

... much ...
Growing Blackberries In
Growing Blackberries In

... canes in the root-crown area turns brown and rots. To control, plant berries on raised beds in deep, well-drained soils. Do not stress plants for water during the growing season, but be careful not to overwater plants in the summer. Leaf and cane Spot. Fungus that survives on infected canes and lea ...
Verbascum - Flora of North America
Verbascum - Flora of North America

... all of our taxa are introduced to North America, further study of the species in their native environs is warranted before any uniformity can be established. In any case, use of one rank or the other does not imply a biological or evolutionary difference. Hybrids are commonly produced among many com ...
Leaf hydraulics: implications for understanding leaf
Leaf hydraulics: implications for understanding leaf

... and/or the protection of long-lived leaves from a diverse array of damage types, especially under resource poor conditions (Jordan et al., 2005, Turner, 1994, Wright et al., 2002). Therefore, identifying key functional traits that reflect direct adaptation to specific environmental stress will be hi ...
Plants - Shire of Kalamunda
Plants - Shire of Kalamunda

... Early detection and prevention of new invasive weeds is invariably cheaper and more successful than eradicating established infestations. In the event that weed infestations become established, procedures and methods for their control are available to reduce their impact. Here are some conservation ...
Plants - Shire of Mundaring
Plants - Shire of Mundaring

... Early detection and prevention of new invasive weeds is invariably cheaper and more successful than eradicating established infestations. In the event that weed infestations become established, procedures and methods for their control are available to reduce their impact. Here are some conservation ...
Virginia Creeper Japanese Wisteria and Chinese Wisteria American
Virginia Creeper Japanese Wisteria and Chinese Wisteria American

... The stately, well-behaved American Wisteria is a very suitable and lovely alternative to the invasive Asian species of wisteria. It was a frequent feature in American colonial gardens and was first sold by an American nursery in ...
Species List - Bryophytes - Southern Illinois University
Species List - Bryophytes - Southern Illinois University

... is transverse, and the leaves are undivided, long, and tapered to a pointed apex. Often, a single central vein, or costa, extends from the base of the leaf to the leaf middle or beyond. Liverwort leaves have oblique, longitudinal insertions so they lie flat against the substrate and may be divided i ...
A new species of Rotala (Lythraceae) from Kerala, India
A new species of Rotala (Lythraceae) from Kerala, India

... Rotala anamika Lemiya, a new species of Lythraceae, from Kerala, India is described and illustrated. It is similar to R. malampuzhensis R.V.Nair ex C.D.K.Cook and R. densiflora (Roth ex Roemer & Shultes) Koehne, but differs from the former in having calyx appendages as long as or slightly longer tha ...
BEANS
BEANS

... 6. Pot plants should be displayed in clean pots and any dead flowers or leaves removed 7. Any vase or container will do but it should be in proportion to the flowers 8. At all times, if in doubt – ASK ...
IL mosses - Fermilab Natural Areas
IL mosses - Fermilab Natural Areas

... is transverse, and the leaves are undivided, long, and tapered to a pointed apex. Often, a single central vein, or costa, extends from the base of the leaf to the leaf middle or beyond. Liverwort leaves have oblique, longitudinal insertions so they lie flat against the substrate and may be divided i ...
Carbon dioxide fixation.
Carbon dioxide fixation.

... demonstrated. The most widely accepted hypothesis, Förster’s hypothesis, is that energy transfer is preceded by thermal relaxation in the donor molecules. The efficiency of energy transfer depends upon three basic factors: orientation of acceptor molecules with respect to the donor molecule; overla ...
Common Trees of Pennsylvania - Pennsylvania Senate Republicans
Common Trees of Pennsylvania - Pennsylvania Senate Republicans

... The first human beings to hunt and gather plant foods in these forests left stone tools and spearpoints at scattered campsites about 10,000 years ago. Clearing of areas for farming and villages began almost 3,000 years ago. After Europeans settlements were established along the Delaware River 400 ye ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSRJPBS)
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSRJPBS)

... root. Comparatively, root extracts of all solvents checked contain more secondary metabolites than leaf extracts. Glycosides are the major group of secondary metabolites present in the family Asclepiadaceae. They are compounds containing a carbohydrate (glycone) and a non carbohydrate (aglycone) res ...
Reduced Expression of Aconitase Results in an
Reduced Expression of Aconitase Results in an

... four different tomato expressed sequence tags (ESTs) with high homology with other aconitase genes as probes (for details, see “Materials and Methods”), identical bands were revealed (data not shown). On comparison of the digestion of the genomic DNA with EcoRV and DraI allelic differences between t ...
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Leaf



A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant and is the principal lateral appendage of the stem. The leaves and stem together form the shoot. Foliage is a mass noun that refers to leaves collectively.Typically a leaf is a thin, dorsiventrally flattened organ, borne above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Most leaves have distinctive upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces that differ in colour, hairiness, the number of stomata (pores that intake and output gases) and other features. In most plant species, leaves are broad and flat. Such species are referred to as broad-leaved plants. Many gymnosperm species have thin needle-like leaves that can be advantageous in cold climates frequented by snow and frost. Leaves can also have other shapes and forms such as the scales in certain species of conifers. Some leaves are not above ground (such as bulb scales). Succulent plants often have thick juicy leaves, but some leaves are without major photosynthetic function and may be dead at maturity, as in some cataphylls, and spines). Furthermore, several kinds of leaf-like structures found in vascular plants are not totally homologous with them. Examples include flattened plant stems (called phylloclades and cladodes), and phyllodes (flattened leaf stems), both of which differ from leaves in their structure and origin. Many structures of non-vascular plants, and even of some lichens, which are not plants at all (in the sense of being members of the kingdom Plantae), look and function much like leaves. The primary site of photosynthesis in most leaves (palisade mesophyll) almost always occurs on the upper side of the blade or lamina of the leaf but in some species, including the mature foliage of Eucalyptus palisade occurs on both sides and the leaves are said to be isobilateral.
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