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Holden Caulfield Patient File: Psychological Evaluation
Holden Caulfield Patient File: Psychological Evaluation

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Abnormal Psych
Abnormal Psych

... • the most common of all anxiety disorders • Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia – panic attacks: a relatively short period of intense fear or discomfort – Agoraphobia – a fear of being in places or situations where escape may be difficult (e.g. the mall) – 50%-80% of phobic individuals treated have one ...
Depressive Disorders - New York Medical College
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Psychology of Dysfunctional Behavior
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Psychiatric Classification

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Spectrum disorder



A spectrum disorder is a mental disorder that includes a range of linked conditions, sometimes also extending to include singular symptoms and traits. The different elements of a spectrum either have a similar appearance or are thought to be caused by the same underlying mechanism. In either case, a spectrum approach is taken because there appears to be ""not a unitary disorder but rather a syndrome composed of subgroups"". The spectrum may represent a range of severity, comprising relatively ""severe"" mental disorders through to relatively ""mild and nonclinical deficits"".In some cases, a spectrum approach joins together conditions that were previously considered separately. A notable example of this trend is the autism spectrum, where conditions on this spectrum may now all be referred to as autism spectrum disorders. In other cases, what was treated as a single disorder comes to be seen (or seen once again) as comprising a range of types, a notable example being the bipolar spectrum. A spectrum approach may also expand the type or the severity of issues which are included, which may lessen the gap with other diagnoses or with what is considered ""normal"". Proponents of this approach argue that it is in line with evidence of gradations in the type or severity of symptoms in the general population, and helps reduce the stigma associated with a diagnosis. Critics, however, argue that it can take attention and resources away from the most serious conditions associated with the most disability, or on the other hand could unduly medicalize problems which are simply challenges people face in life.
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