Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases: A Short
... A and D). Autoimmunity is the mechanism where an organism fails to recognize its own constituent parts (down to the subAPOPTOSIS AND AUTOIMMUNITY molecular levels) as ‘self’, which results in an immune Apoptosis Greek word means ‘falling of leaves from response against its own cells and tissues. Any ...
... A and D). Autoimmunity is the mechanism where an organism fails to recognize its own constituent parts (down to the subAPOPTOSIS AND AUTOIMMUNITY molecular levels) as ‘self’, which results in an immune Apoptosis Greek word means ‘falling of leaves from response against its own cells and tissues. Any ...
Vaccination
... that are poorly immunogenic. By linking these outer coats to proteins (e.g. toxins), the immune system can be led to recognize the polysaccharide as if it were a protein antigen. Example: Haemophilus influenzae type B. • Recombinant vector - by combining the physiology of one micro-organism and the ...
... that are poorly immunogenic. By linking these outer coats to proteins (e.g. toxins), the immune system can be led to recognize the polysaccharide as if it were a protein antigen. Example: Haemophilus influenzae type B. • Recombinant vector - by combining the physiology of one micro-organism and the ...
Immunomodulators as an antimicrobial tool
... viral agents in susceptible individuals who are not candidates for live vaccines, such as pregnant women and patients with impaired immunity [29]. A polyclonal preparation derived from individuals with high serum antibody titers to staphylococcal fibrinogen-binding proteins, serine aspartate dipepti ...
... viral agents in susceptible individuals who are not candidates for live vaccines, such as pregnant women and patients with impaired immunity [29]. A polyclonal preparation derived from individuals with high serum antibody titers to staphylococcal fibrinogen-binding proteins, serine aspartate dipepti ...
The discontinuity theory of immunity
... molecular structure of the antigen. The discontinuity theory stems from the demonstration that chronic exposure to immune stimuli can desensitize both adaptive (9) and innate immune cells (10, 11). This theory is supported by an array of recent experimental evidence in three pathological contexts: v ...
... molecular structure of the antigen. The discontinuity theory stems from the demonstration that chronic exposure to immune stimuli can desensitize both adaptive (9) and innate immune cells (10, 11). This theory is supported by an array of recent experimental evidence in three pathological contexts: v ...
Connecticut Department of Public Health
... b) >6 weeks post-vaccination - In this case, exposure to wild-type virus happens well after vaccination and the vaccine recipient did not respond to the vaccine prior to exposure (“vaccine failure”). Total vaccine failures are unusual. In both instances, the illness usually presents as typical chick ...
... b) >6 weeks post-vaccination - In this case, exposure to wild-type virus happens well after vaccination and the vaccine recipient did not respond to the vaccine prior to exposure (“vaccine failure”). Total vaccine failures are unusual. In both instances, the illness usually presents as typical chick ...
Mechanisms of adaptive immunity
... Induce chronic infections Facultative intracellular (e.g. Mycobacterium sp.) Strict intracellular (Chlamydia and Ricketsia) ...
... Induce chronic infections Facultative intracellular (e.g. Mycobacterium sp.) Strict intracellular (Chlamydia and Ricketsia) ...
Document
... Exposure to antigen produces primary response with general antibodies. Immune system develops antigen-specific antibodies and memory. Future exposures generate a faster secondary response. ...
... Exposure to antigen produces primary response with general antibodies. Immune system develops antigen-specific antibodies and memory. Future exposures generate a faster secondary response. ...
IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES
... T cells in thymus. First: Positive selection for T-cells recognizing MHC molecules (cells lacking recognition are deleted). Second: Negative selection for cells with high affinity interaction with self antigens (cells deleted). Some T-cells that recognize self Ag are converted to Treg cells. ...
... T cells in thymus. First: Positive selection for T-cells recognizing MHC molecules (cells lacking recognition are deleted). Second: Negative selection for cells with high affinity interaction with self antigens (cells deleted). Some T-cells that recognize self Ag are converted to Treg cells. ...
Lymphatic System and Body Defenses
... Innate Immunity – Immunity by birth due to genes; no previous exposure required and antibody formation is not involved. Acquired Immunity – is acquired after birth and requires exposure to pathogens or vaccination. It has 2 basic types, Active and Passive Immunity. Active Immunity Active Immunity is ...
... Innate Immunity – Immunity by birth due to genes; no previous exposure required and antibody formation is not involved. Acquired Immunity – is acquired after birth and requires exposure to pathogens or vaccination. It has 2 basic types, Active and Passive Immunity. Active Immunity Active Immunity is ...
Increasing Complexity of Vaccine Development
... antibodies, particularly to the pertussis toxin. Current efforts are directed towards prolongation of immune responses through the use of adjuvants or more virulence proteins from Bordetella pertussis [8]. However, an extended duration of effectiveness would be desirable for many vaccines, particula ...
... antibodies, particularly to the pertussis toxin. Current efforts are directed towards prolongation of immune responses through the use of adjuvants or more virulence proteins from Bordetella pertussis [8]. However, an extended duration of effectiveness would be desirable for many vaccines, particula ...
Provisional agenda
... Development of a cell line stably expressing T7 RNA polymerase using retroviral gene transfer technology for efficient rescue of infectious foot-and-mouth disease virus from cloned cDNA ...
... Development of a cell line stably expressing T7 RNA polymerase using retroviral gene transfer technology for efficient rescue of infectious foot-and-mouth disease virus from cloned cDNA ...
immunity on viral immune escape pressures on viral populations
... (and in particular incompletely immunizing RNA viruses such as influenza; Ferguson et al. 2003; Koelle et al. 2006; Recker et al. 2007) evolve to avoid the prevailing immunity of host populations. In a preliminary attempt at unifying the betweenand within-host scales for explaining patterns of viral ...
... (and in particular incompletely immunizing RNA viruses such as influenza; Ferguson et al. 2003; Koelle et al. 2006; Recker et al. 2007) evolve to avoid the prevailing immunity of host populations. In a preliminary attempt at unifying the betweenand within-host scales for explaining patterns of viral ...
What is pertussis? Pertussis, more commonly known as whooping
... of symptoms until up to three weeks after symptoms start. Treatment with appropriate antibiotics shortens the contagious period to about five days. Who is susceptible to contracting pertussis? Despite the effectiveness of vaccination, pertussis continues to occur in the United States among all age g ...
... of symptoms until up to three weeks after symptoms start. Treatment with appropriate antibiotics shortens the contagious period to about five days. Who is susceptible to contracting pertussis? Despite the effectiveness of vaccination, pertussis continues to occur in the United States among all age g ...
Development of Vaccine and Diagnostics for Prevention and Control
... Economic aspects of vaccine relates with cost analysis, cost-benefit analysis, cost effectiveness analysis, and cost-utility analysis. Immunization is an excellent investment which is highly cost-effective and usually cost-saving for vaccines that are currently recommended for global use. Even thoug ...
... Economic aspects of vaccine relates with cost analysis, cost-benefit analysis, cost effectiveness analysis, and cost-utility analysis. Immunization is an excellent investment which is highly cost-effective and usually cost-saving for vaccines that are currently recommended for global use. Even thoug ...
Slide 1
... monocytes/macrophages Potentially a number of possible mechanisms of immune system destruction, e.g.: direct and indirect destruction of TH destruction of APC including FDC affecting TH1 x TH2 loss of memory T-cells ...
... monocytes/macrophages Potentially a number of possible mechanisms of immune system destruction, e.g.: direct and indirect destruction of TH destruction of APC including FDC affecting TH1 x TH2 loss of memory T-cells ...
Invertebrate Immune Systems
... either strain A or G and their reproductive fecundity and survival postchallenge were determined. In both cases, exposure to homologous combinations (i.e., strain A followed by strain A or strain G followed by strain G) increased survival after the second challenge and increased reproductive fecundi ...
... either strain A or G and their reproductive fecundity and survival postchallenge were determined. In both cases, exposure to homologous combinations (i.e., strain A followed by strain A or strain G followed by strain G) increased survival after the second challenge and increased reproductive fecundi ...
Facts About Smallpox - Kitsap County Department of Emergency
... A team of Public Health and hospital personnel have been vaccinated against smallpox in order to begin an investigation or treat suspected cases and to institute a large vaccination program should one be needed. At this time there is no threat of smallpox disease, therefore, it is not recommended th ...
... A team of Public Health and hospital personnel have been vaccinated against smallpox in order to begin an investigation or treat suspected cases and to institute a large vaccination program should one be needed. At this time there is no threat of smallpox disease, therefore, it is not recommended th ...
Unit VI: Immunity and Diseases
... i. Attack the body’s own cells, either those infected by viruses or cancerous cells ii. Attack the membranes of target cells causing them to lyse (break open) f. Complement system – a group of antimicrobial proteins found in plasma that work with (complement) antibodies i. Activate when they come in ...
... i. Attack the body’s own cells, either those infected by viruses or cancerous cells ii. Attack the membranes of target cells causing them to lyse (break open) f. Complement system – a group of antimicrobial proteins found in plasma that work with (complement) antibodies i. Activate when they come in ...
Document
... remember specific pathogens. • A vaccination is a substance prepared from killed or weakened pathogens that is introduced into the body to produce immunity. ...
... remember specific pathogens. • A vaccination is a substance prepared from killed or weakened pathogens that is introduced into the body to produce immunity. ...
1. Properties of Bacterial Pathogens
... Protein structures protrude through membrane, and the rotation of these cause movement Rings of protein subunits form in the inner membrane on the cytoplasmic face This forms a channel for the assemble of other rod-like proteins Rod-like proteins and CAPPING PROTEINS (which integrate the new subunit ...
... Protein structures protrude through membrane, and the rotation of these cause movement Rings of protein subunits form in the inner membrane on the cytoplasmic face This forms a channel for the assemble of other rod-like proteins Rod-like proteins and CAPPING PROTEINS (which integrate the new subunit ...
Immunological Basis of Vaccination
... varies widely despite the fact that many of these vaccines are similar in design, containing killed organisms or toxoids combined with simple adjuvants. A significant reason for this is that this single type of vaccination strategy will stimulate only one array of immune responses. In the case of in ...
... varies widely despite the fact that many of these vaccines are similar in design, containing killed organisms or toxoids combined with simple adjuvants. A significant reason for this is that this single type of vaccination strategy will stimulate only one array of immune responses. In the case of in ...
Influenza Vaccination Declination Form
... Influenza is a serious respiratory disease that kills an average of 36,000 persons and hospitalizes more than 200,000 persons in the United States each year. ...
... Influenza is a serious respiratory disease that kills an average of 36,000 persons and hospitalizes more than 200,000 persons in the United States each year. ...
Adjuvants in the use of allergen immunotherapy Aluminium
... poorly to vaccination so are protected by reducing the burden of diseases around them. Better effectiveness by vaccinating the heath care workers than the residents This is the key rationale to aggressively promote vaccination among HCW HCW’s bring influenza into the hospital and don’t acquire it th ...
... poorly to vaccination so are protected by reducing the burden of diseases around them. Better effectiveness by vaccinating the heath care workers than the residents This is the key rationale to aggressively promote vaccination among HCW HCW’s bring influenza into the hospital and don’t acquire it th ...
APIC comments
... characteristics and complications in adults have been well described and can result in hospitalization in some cases.1 More importantly, adults with pertussis pose an increased risk in the community if they have contact with young infants or children for whom morbidity and mortality from the disease ...
... characteristics and complications in adults have been well described and can result in hospitalization in some cases.1 More importantly, adults with pertussis pose an increased risk in the community if they have contact with young infants or children for whom morbidity and mortality from the disease ...
Herd immunity
Herd immunity (also called herd effect, community immunity, population immunity, or social immunity) is a form of indirect protection from infectious disease that occurs when a large percentage of a population has become immune to an infection, thereby providing a measure of protection for individuals who are not immune. In a population in which a large number of individuals are immune, chains of infection are likely to be disrupted, which stops or slows the spread of disease. The greater the proportion of individuals in a community who are immune, the smaller the probability that those who are not immune will come into contact with an infectious individual.Individual immunity can be gained through recovering from a natural infection or through artificial means such as vaccination. Some individuals cannot become immune due to medical reasons and in this group herd immunity is an important method of protection. Once a certain threshold has been reached, herd immunity will gradually eliminate a disease from a population. This elimination, if achieved worldwide, may result in the permanent reduction in the number of infections to zero, called eradication. This method was used for the eradication of smallpox in 1977 and for the regional elimination of other diseases. Herd immunity does not apply to all diseases, just those that are contagious, meaning that they can be transmitted from one individual to another. Tetanus, for example, is infectious but not contagious, so herd immunity does not apply.The term herd immunity was first used in 1923. It was recognized as a naturally occurring phenomenon in the 1930s when it was observed that after a significant number of children had become immune to measles, the number of new infections temporarily decreased, including among susceptible children. Mass vaccination to induce herd immunity has since become common and proved successful in preventing the spread of many infectious diseases. Opposition to vaccination has posed a challenge to herd immunity, allowing preventable diseases to persist in or return to communities that have inadequate vaccination rates.