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Your Health: The Science Inside
Your Health: The Science Inside

... antibiotics. People can have allergies to other antibiotics as well. Allergic reactions to antibiotics range from mild rashes to severe hives, tight airways, and difficulty breathing. In some cases, an allergic reaction can be deadly. However, many unpleasant reactions to antibiotics— such as nausea ...
Flu facts - UNSW Health Service
Flu facts - UNSW Health Service

... In addition, those who are young and healthy are not immune. This past flu season in the United States has hit hard on young and middle-aged adults, with the majority of influenza-associated hospitalisations (61.6%) occurring in those 18 to 64 years old6. ...
Vaccines: Our hospital carries as many adjuvant –free vaccines as
Vaccines: Our hospital carries as many adjuvant –free vaccines as

... Feline Immunodeficiency Virus: FIV in felines is similar to the HIV virus in humans. It is a highly contagious disease in outdoor cats and unneutered cats. The disease compromises the immune system, making the cat susceptible to ordinary viruses and colds. These infections may prove to be fatal beca ...
Development of an enhanced bovine viral diarrhea virus subunit
Development of an enhanced bovine viral diarrhea virus subunit

... ability of the vaccine to be used as a DIVA tool (Fig. 3b). None of the vaccinated bovines showed local reactions or adverse effects throughout the trial. Mechanisms underlying protection against BVDV infection are not completely understood; however, the presence of Nabs and the effective priming of ...
KEVA IMMURICH - KEVA Industries
KEVA IMMURICH - KEVA Industries

... • Nerve Growth factor - small secreted protein that is important for the growth, maintenance, and survival of certain target neurons (nerve cells). It also functions as a signaling molecule. • Leptin - is a protein hormone that plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, inc ...
Companies Selling Transfer Factor Products
Companies Selling Transfer Factor Products

... People taking transfer factor often notice a significant improvement in energy after a few months. If the product is stopped, there is usually a relapse. People who benefit from the product may need to stay on it for life. When first starting transfer factor, there are typically flulike symptoms for ...
Measles
Measles

...  Among previously vaccinated persons who do become infected, disease is less severe and mortality rates are significantly lower. In developed countries, <1 in 1000 children with measles die. ...
GVMA Paper – June 2004 Meeting
GVMA Paper – June 2004 Meeting

... simulate the effects of an infection with a pathogen on the immune system without inducing the symptoms and economic consequences of disease. The vaccine response has two major components – the inflammatory component that happens at the site of vaccination, and the adaptive immune component that hap ...
Ch_14 - Health4everyone
Ch_14 - Health4everyone

... 3. DNA is examined to determine if certain genes that make you more likely to get certain diseases have been passed to you from your parents. 4. An antibiotic can kill bacteria and other germs. 5. Genetic engineering alters and combines the genetic material in DNA to treat a disease or modify body c ...
New approaches to control foot-and-mouth disease: antivirals and
New approaches to control foot-and-mouth disease: antivirals and

... virus replication and the group was completely protected from clinical disease. These results indicate that the combination approach does afford animals exposed to FMDV soon after treatment both rapid protection and a more robust neutralizing antibody and protective response than animals administere ...
Article 1: Mucosal Immunity and Vaccines
Article 1: Mucosal Immunity and Vaccines

... environment [13]. Mucosal vaccines have several advantages over traditional systemic vaccines. They can be administered orally or nasally rather than via injection. This is more widely accepted by the public, as well as making the vaccine simpler to administer and distribute. In addition, there is l ...
Zusinaite
Zusinaite

... – efficient stimulation of highly durable antibody response – elicitation of antigen specific T cells – stimulation of the innate immune response without the need for an adjuvant – outstanding safety record ...
File - Marissa M Hampton
File - Marissa M Hampton

... Immunization: The method in which a person becomes protected from a disease process. Vaccination: Injection of a killed or weakened infectious organism in order to prevent the disease. Vaccine: A product that produces immunity against the disease. ...
LECTURE 8 Immunopathologic processes Theme 11. Immune
LECTURE 8 Immunopathologic processes Theme 11. Immune

... At various organs and tissues transplantation graft-versus-host reaction often develop. At that graft antigens induce specific antibodies creation and sensibilized erythrocytes production, infiltrating graft and causing its destruction and rejection by the way of direct cytotoxic action or by the wa ...
Infectious Bronchitis in Parent Stock
Infectious Bronchitis in Parent Stock

... With all the different IBV strains that exist around the world, establishing the correct vaccination program is difficult, however antibodies produced to one variant often show (part) cross protection to other variants. Where prevalent strains in an area have been identified, designing a vaccine pro ...
EEHV Monitoring and Diagnostic Testing of “At Risk” Juvenile
EEHV Monitoring and Diagnostic Testing of “At Risk” Juvenile

... EEHV Monitoring and Diagnostic Testing of “At Risk” Juvenile Elephants Routine monitoring of elephant calves for Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus (EEHV) by quantitative PCR (qPCR) is proven to detect low levels of EEHV in the blood before clinical signs occur, allowing increased monitoring and early the ...
Infectious bronchitis in parent stock – early protection is
Infectious bronchitis in parent stock – early protection is

... With all the different IBV strains that exist around the world, establishing the correct vaccination programme is difficult, however antibodies produced to one variant often show (part) cross protection to other variants. Where prevalent strains in an area have been identified, designing a vaccine p ...
C tetani
C tetani

... • There is little, if any, inate immunity and the disease does not produce immunity in the patient. • Active immunity follows vaccination with tetanus toxoid ...
Anti-Viral Vaccines - OIT Web Services
Anti-Viral Vaccines - OIT Web Services

... (3) Recombination during replication leads to insertion of YFG (i.e. the foreign DNA) into the viral progeny. The usual target of insertion is a nonessential region, so that virus retains its ability to replicate independently and the system can be maintained. The estimated incidence of successful i ...
Anaerobic Bacteria
Anaerobic Bacteria

... There is little, if any, inate immunity and the disease does not produce immunity in the patient. Active immunity follows vaccination with tetanus toxoid ...
Immune system as drug target - Open Access Peer Reviewed
Immune system as drug target - Open Access Peer Reviewed

... virus, which causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in natural or induced immunodeficiency, with Natalizumab in patients with multiple sclerosis21—and even significant deleterious effects.22 Beyond isolated molecular targets, we can view the immune systems at many levels, each offer ...
Ecology Of Infectious Diseases - MiVEGEC
Ecology Of Infectious Diseases - MiVEGEC

... disease cases. A time series is defined as a series of observations ordered in time, for instance, the monthly number of new cases for a given disease in a given host population. Different methods can be used to investigate the periodicity of epidemics and the study of the synchrony with which they ...
ON VACCINES AND IMMUNISATION
ON VACCINES AND IMMUNISATION

... (lyophilized) at this stage, to prolong their shelf-life. e.g. Manufacturing Process of Bacterial Vaccine Bacteria do not require living cells to propagate and are instead grown in bioreactors containing specific culture media. After propagation, isolation may be conducted by centrifugation or speci ...
Duramune® Lyme™+Max 5-CvK/4L
Duramune® Lyme™+Max 5-CvK/4L

... • Lower cost compared with the cost of multiple vaccines Cost effective ...
Types of Immunity - Research and Reviews
Types of Immunity - Research and Reviews

... Passive immunity is the transmission of active immunity, in the form of prefabricated antibodies, from one person to another person. Passive immunity appears as naturally or artificially [74-79]. When maternal antibodies through the placenta are transferred to the fetus, here passive immunity is dev ...
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Herd immunity



Herd immunity (also called herd effect, community immunity, population immunity, or social immunity) is a form of indirect protection from infectious disease that occurs when a large percentage of a population has become immune to an infection, thereby providing a measure of protection for individuals who are not immune. In a population in which a large number of individuals are immune, chains of infection are likely to be disrupted, which stops or slows the spread of disease. The greater the proportion of individuals in a community who are immune, the smaller the probability that those who are not immune will come into contact with an infectious individual.Individual immunity can be gained through recovering from a natural infection or through artificial means such as vaccination. Some individuals cannot become immune due to medical reasons and in this group herd immunity is an important method of protection. Once a certain threshold has been reached, herd immunity will gradually eliminate a disease from a population. This elimination, if achieved worldwide, may result in the permanent reduction in the number of infections to zero, called eradication. This method was used for the eradication of smallpox in 1977 and for the regional elimination of other diseases. Herd immunity does not apply to all diseases, just those that are contagious, meaning that they can be transmitted from one individual to another. Tetanus, for example, is infectious but not contagious, so herd immunity does not apply.The term herd immunity was first used in 1923. It was recognized as a naturally occurring phenomenon in the 1930s when it was observed that after a significant number of children had become immune to measles, the number of new infections temporarily decreased, including among susceptible children. Mass vaccination to induce herd immunity has since become common and proved successful in preventing the spread of many infectious diseases. Opposition to vaccination has posed a challenge to herd immunity, allowing preventable diseases to persist in or return to communities that have inadequate vaccination rates.
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