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... during embryogenesis, which, in Arabidopsis, is characterized by highly reproducible cell division patterns (Fig. 1Q) (Jürgens and Mayer, 1994). The apical-basal organization of the embryo is initiated after the asymmetric division of the zygote. The large basal cell will form the extra-embryonic su ...
... during embryogenesis, which, in Arabidopsis, is characterized by highly reproducible cell division patterns (Fig. 1Q) (Jürgens and Mayer, 1994). The apical-basal organization of the embryo is initiated after the asymmetric division of the zygote. The large basal cell will form the extra-embryonic su ...
Visceral endoderm-restricted translation of Otx1
... specification of an early neural plate when Otx1 expression is still off, and, at a later stage, Otx1 is required primarily in the dorsal telencephalon where Otx2 is not transcribed. Therefore, these findings support two hypotheses: (i) Otx1 and Otx2 functional properties might largely overlap and d ...
... specification of an early neural plate when Otx1 expression is still off, and, at a later stage, Otx1 is required primarily in the dorsal telencephalon where Otx2 is not transcribed. Therefore, these findings support two hypotheses: (i) Otx1 and Otx2 functional properties might largely overlap and d ...
Changes in retinoic acid signaling alter otic patterning
... Otic defects generated by changes in RA signaling are considered mostly secondary consequences due to changes in Fgf signaling, because hindbrain patterning is disturbed in RA gain- and loss-offunction studies. In embryos with no RA signaling, such as mouse Aldh1a2 mutants, expression of Fgf3, which ...
... Otic defects generated by changes in RA signaling are considered mostly secondary consequences due to changes in Fgf signaling, because hindbrain patterning is disturbed in RA gain- and loss-offunction studies. In embryos with no RA signaling, such as mouse Aldh1a2 mutants, expression of Fgf3, which ...
Dickkopf1 Is Required for Embryonic Head Induction
... early Xenopus embryos, suggesting that mutual antagonism between Dkk1 and Dkk2 may regulate Wnt/-catenin signaling (Wu et al., 2000). Wnt inhibitors have been implicated in the regulation of various embryonic patterning processes. Dkk1 and Crescent are capable of inducing the heart Anlage in chick ...
... early Xenopus embryos, suggesting that mutual antagonism between Dkk1 and Dkk2 may regulate Wnt/-catenin signaling (Wu et al., 2000). Wnt inhibitors have been implicated in the regulation of various embryonic patterning processes. Dkk1 and Crescent are capable of inducing the heart Anlage in chick ...
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences
... (Catterall 1986). It is unlikely that veratridine resistance in mutant flies is due to direct involvement of stmA in the structure or function of the transmembrane sodium channels. Reasons for doubt arise from the observation that double mutants of stmA and para, a structural gene for neuronal volta ...
... (Catterall 1986). It is unlikely that veratridine resistance in mutant flies is due to direct involvement of stmA in the structure or function of the transmembrane sodium channels. Reasons for doubt arise from the observation that double mutants of stmA and para, a structural gene for neuronal volta ...
Huntingtin function during zebrafish (Danio rerio) development
... diseases, HD shows anticipation. This means that transmission of the expanded HD allele to an offspring may result in expansion of the CAG repeat region. Expansion of the CAG region is more commonly seen upon paternal transmission than maternal, however the reason for this difference is not known [ ...
... diseases, HD shows anticipation. This means that transmission of the expanded HD allele to an offspring may result in expansion of the CAG repeat region. Expansion of the CAG region is more commonly seen upon paternal transmission than maternal, however the reason for this difference is not known [ ...
Mouse Lefty2 and Zebrafish Antivin Are Feedback
... The murine “lefty” locus is composed of two highly conserved genes, lefty1 and lefty2, which are tightly linked on chromosome 1 (Meno et al., 1997). To examine the role of lefty2 in gastrulation and L–R asymmetry, we generated mutant mice deficient in lefty2. To inactivate lefty2, we constructed a t ...
... The murine “lefty” locus is composed of two highly conserved genes, lefty1 and lefty2, which are tightly linked on chromosome 1 (Meno et al., 1997). To examine the role of lefty2 in gastrulation and L–R asymmetry, we generated mutant mice deficient in lefty2. To inactivate lefty2, we constructed a t ...
oto`s role in head and trunk development
... indicating that the defects are due to the disruption of anterior development at an early stage of development. The importance of genetic background for the penetrance of the oto phenotype was suggested in a previous report from outcrosses to several different inbred strains (Juriloff et al., 1985). ...
... indicating that the defects are due to the disruption of anterior development at an early stage of development. The importance of genetic background for the penetrance of the oto phenotype was suggested in a previous report from outcrosses to several different inbred strains (Juriloff et al., 1985). ...
Distalless and dachshund pattern both plesiomorphic
... spiders or mites. First, the preoral chamber is formed from the pedipalpal and first leg pair endites, and is exclusive to harvestmen and scorpions (although the preoral chambers of scorpions also include the endites of the second walking legs). This structure facilitates manipulation of food particl ...
... spiders or mites. First, the preoral chamber is formed from the pedipalpal and first leg pair endites, and is exclusive to harvestmen and scorpions (although the preoral chambers of scorpions also include the endites of the second walking legs). This structure facilitates manipulation of food particl ...
Drosophila WntD is a target and an inhibitor of the Dorsal/Twist/Snail
... compatible with mesoderm formation. Consistent with this model, many genes, including rhomboid, sim, lethal of scute, short gastrulation, crumbs, Delta and Enhancer of split, are repressed by Snail in the ventral region and their expression is, therefore, restricted to the lateral regions. In snail ...
... compatible with mesoderm formation. Consistent with this model, many genes, including rhomboid, sim, lethal of scute, short gastrulation, crumbs, Delta and Enhancer of split, are repressed by Snail in the ventral region and their expression is, therefore, restricted to the lateral regions. In snail ...
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... the lower part of the body with a severely deficient circulation incompatible with normal development [2,8,21]. The SUA has also been referred to as persistent vitelline artery to indicate its possible origin in the vitelline plexus and its presence is considered by some authors as pathognomonic of ...
... the lower part of the body with a severely deficient circulation incompatible with normal development [2,8,21]. The SUA has also been referred to as persistent vitelline artery to indicate its possible origin in the vitelline plexus and its presence is considered by some authors as pathognomonic of ...
Mutations affecting the formation of the notochord in
... the trunk region, the left and right somites are fused underneath the neural tube by early somite stages, whereas tail somites are separated by a large blood sinus (Fig. 1B). Discontinuous groups of floor plate cells can be seen in the ventral spinal cord (arrowhead in Fig. 1B). Only one allele of m ...
... the trunk region, the left and right somites are fused underneath the neural tube by early somite stages, whereas tail somites are separated by a large blood sinus (Fig. 1B). Discontinuous groups of floor plate cells can be seen in the ventral spinal cord (arrowhead in Fig. 1B). Only one allele of m ...
Endogenous Cerberus activity is required for anterior head
... observed when the 5′ UTR cerberus mRNA and the CerMo were coinjected (Fig. 1F), demonstrating that the morpholino can efficiently inhibit Cerberus activity in the embryo. In order to assess the phenotypic effect of knocking down endogenous Cerberus, four- to eight-cell stage embryos were injected wi ...
... observed when the 5′ UTR cerberus mRNA and the CerMo were coinjected (Fig. 1F), demonstrating that the morpholino can efficiently inhibit Cerberus activity in the embryo. In order to assess the phenotypic effect of knocking down endogenous Cerberus, four- to eight-cell stage embryos were injected wi ...
Functional Interactions of Genes Mediating Convergent Extension
... AB genetic background in which the mutations were identified (Table 1) (Solnica-Krezel et al., 1996). It was possible that the trim209 and trim747 alleles were hypomorphs and that the synopthalmia and partial cyclopia represented an intermediate phenotype rather than the complete loss of function. H ...
... AB genetic background in which the mutations were identified (Table 1) (Solnica-Krezel et al., 1996). It was possible that the trim209 and trim747 alleles were hypomorphs and that the synopthalmia and partial cyclopia represented an intermediate phenotype rather than the complete loss of function. H ...
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... Histological analysis of the Otx2+/-;HNF3β +/- phenotype To characterize the Otx2+/-;HNF3β +/- phenotype in more detail, E12.5 and E9.5 double heterozygous embryos showing a mutant phenotype were sectioned for histological analysis (Fig. 3, 6 and data not shown). In wild-type or singly heterozygous ...
... Histological analysis of the Otx2+/-;HNF3β +/- phenotype To characterize the Otx2+/-;HNF3β +/- phenotype in more detail, E12.5 and E9.5 double heterozygous embryos showing a mutant phenotype were sectioned for histological analysis (Fig. 3, 6 and data not shown). In wild-type or singly heterozygous ...
FMR1 low sub-genotype does not rescue BRCA1
... reserve (Gleicher et al., 2009; Gleicher et al., 2010). The phenotypes observed correlate with the expression levels of FMRP, i.e. FMR1 translation has a peak when CGGn is in the normal range (around 30) and it decreases when the repeat length is smaller or larger (Chen et al., 2003). A recent study ...
... reserve (Gleicher et al., 2009; Gleicher et al., 2010). The phenotypes observed correlate with the expression levels of FMRP, i.e. FMR1 translation has a peak when CGGn is in the normal range (around 30) and it decreases when the repeat length is smaller or larger (Chen et al., 2003). A recent study ...
The development of apical embryonic pattern in Arabidopsis
... regions of the presumptive SAM express detectable levels of STM not migrate, the cells in the valleys where the cotyledons meet mRNA, but the central region does not. By the early heart stage must derive from the EPR. In agreement with this, the bases of of embryogenesis, expression has spread and i ...
... regions of the presumptive SAM express detectable levels of STM not migrate, the cells in the valleys where the cotyledons meet mRNA, but the central region does not. By the early heart stage must derive from the EPR. In agreement with this, the bases of of embryogenesis, expression has spread and i ...
Slow muscle requires Slow-muscle-omitted
... identified smu mutant carrier and carriers of mutant alleles of these genes. The only other mutants that mildly resemble smu mutants, uboot and sonic you, are rescued by shh mRNA injections (Schauerte et al., 1998), indicating that these genes are distinct from smu (see Figs 3, 4, below). Plasmids, ...
... identified smu mutant carrier and carriers of mutant alleles of these genes. The only other mutants that mildly resemble smu mutants, uboot and sonic you, are rescued by shh mRNA injections (Schauerte et al., 1998), indicating that these genes are distinct from smu (see Figs 3, 4, below). Plasmids, ...
Foxf1 controls mesoderm differentiation
... 129/Ola. Colonies resistant to 300 µg/ml G-418 and 2 µM ganciclovir were screened by PCR with one primer (CTG CGC CCC GCA TCA ...
... 129/Ola. Colonies resistant to 300 µg/ml G-418 and 2 µM ganciclovir were screened by PCR with one primer (CTG CGC CCC GCA TCA ...
phenotype describes a new mutation affecting
... extent is genotype-dependent. However, individual progenies of selfed Fj plants differ in their mutant segregation values (data not shown), an observation that suggests the involvement of an environmental effect on rea expression, even though the contribution of gametophytic selection or the presenc ...
... extent is genotype-dependent. However, individual progenies of selfed Fj plants differ in their mutant segregation values (data not shown), an observation that suggests the involvement of an environmental effect on rea expression, even though the contribution of gametophytic selection or the presenc ...
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... E-cadherin mutant embryos have been used to study the impact of cell-cell interaction on embryo development and cell fate determination. The absence of E-cadherin results in disorganized epithelial polarity and an increase in the number of blastomeres expressing CDX2 (De Vries et al., 2004; Stephens ...
... E-cadherin mutant embryos have been used to study the impact of cell-cell interaction on embryo development and cell fate determination. The absence of E-cadherin results in disorganized epithelial polarity and an increase in the number of blastomeres expressing CDX2 (De Vries et al., 2004; Stephens ...
Developmental fate and lineage commitment of singled mouse
... E-cadherin mutant embryos have been used to study the impact of cell-cell interaction on embryo development and cell fate determination. The absence of E-cadherin results in disorganized epithelial polarity and an increase in the number of blastomeres expressing CDX2 (De Vries et al., 2004; Stephens ...
... E-cadherin mutant embryos have been used to study the impact of cell-cell interaction on embryo development and cell fate determination. The absence of E-cadherin results in disorganized epithelial polarity and an increase in the number of blastomeres expressing CDX2 (De Vries et al., 2004; Stephens ...
Developing a Bioassay for Triclosan Toxicity Abstract
... impairment of cardiac and skeletal muscle observed by Cherednichenko et al (). Furthermore, the decrease of actin can also affect cell growth. Actin plays a critical role in the cytoskeleton and cell division. Actin’s interaction with myosin allows the microtubules to contract during cytokinesis. Th ...
... impairment of cardiac and skeletal muscle observed by Cherednichenko et al (). Furthermore, the decrease of actin can also affect cell growth. Actin plays a critical role in the cytoskeleton and cell division. Actin’s interaction with myosin allows the microtubules to contract during cytokinesis. Th ...
Syntabulin, a motor protein linker, controls dorsal
... tkkrk4 homozygous fish were crossed with wild-type India fish (Knapik et al., 1996) to generate F1 families. Homozygous tkkrk4 female fish were raised from the F1 cross and identified based on the ventralized phenotypes of their offspring. Since embryos from tkkrk4/rk4 female fish with India genetic ...
... tkkrk4 homozygous fish were crossed with wild-type India fish (Knapik et al., 1996) to generate F1 families. Homozygous tkkrk4 female fish were raised from the F1 cross and identified based on the ventralized phenotypes of their offspring. Since embryos from tkkrk4/rk4 female fish with India genetic ...
Ethanol exposure affects gene expression in the embryonic
... types during vertebrate embryogenesis (Durston et al., 1998; Means and Gudas, 1995). The importance of RA in normal embryonic development has been demonstrated by treating embryos with RA or inducing Vitamin A deficiency, both resulting in severe teratogenic effects (Cohlan, 1953; Kessel, 1992; Made ...
... types during vertebrate embryogenesis (Durston et al., 1998; Means and Gudas, 1995). The importance of RA in normal embryonic development has been demonstrated by treating embryos with RA or inducing Vitamin A deficiency, both resulting in severe teratogenic effects (Cohlan, 1953; Kessel, 1992; Made ...