Glossary of Key Terms in Chapter Two
... cholesterol (17.4) a 27-carbon steroid ring structure that serves as the precursor of the steroid hormones. chylomicron (17.5) a plasma lipoprotein (aggregate of protein and triglycerides) that carries triglycerides from the intestine to all body tissues via the bloodstream. complex lipid (17.5) a l ...
... cholesterol (17.4) a 27-carbon steroid ring structure that serves as the precursor of the steroid hormones. chylomicron (17.5) a plasma lipoprotein (aggregate of protein and triglycerides) that carries triglycerides from the intestine to all body tissues via the bloodstream. complex lipid (17.5) a l ...
Biotransformation Xenobiotic metabolism
... – Reactive intermediates include epoxides and free radical species (unpaired electrons) that are short-lived and hence highly reactive – Protection is provided by • endogenous antioxidant substances, e.g. GSH • vitamins C and E • antioxidant enzymes, SOD, GPX, CAT in coupled reactions ...
... – Reactive intermediates include epoxides and free radical species (unpaired electrons) that are short-lived and hence highly reactive – Protection is provided by • endogenous antioxidant substances, e.g. GSH • vitamins C and E • antioxidant enzymes, SOD, GPX, CAT in coupled reactions ...
Cells of the Vessels
... pathogens, the immune system releases chemical signals (cytokines) into the region. These cytokines activate the endothelial cells to promote association with circulating immune cells. Also, pores open up between endothelial cells to allow immune cells from the circulation to leave the lumen of the ...
... pathogens, the immune system releases chemical signals (cytokines) into the region. These cytokines activate the endothelial cells to promote association with circulating immune cells. Also, pores open up between endothelial cells to allow immune cells from the circulation to leave the lumen of the ...
Document
... When these two monomers join, a. A molecule of CO2 will be eliminated and a peptide linkage will form. b. H2 will be eliminated and a oxygen-to-oxygen bond will form. c. A molecule of H2O will be eliminated and a ester linkage will form. d. A molecule of H2O2 will be eliminated and a carbon-to-carbo ...
... When these two monomers join, a. A molecule of CO2 will be eliminated and a peptide linkage will form. b. H2 will be eliminated and a oxygen-to-oxygen bond will form. c. A molecule of H2O will be eliminated and a ester linkage will form. d. A molecule of H2O2 will be eliminated and a carbon-to-carbo ...
high expression mean less-favorable prognosis Bcl-2
... hypoxia, increased VEGF and MMP-9, and with malignant progression and poor prognosis. ...
... hypoxia, increased VEGF and MMP-9, and with malignant progression and poor prognosis. ...
Omega-3 again linked to lower colorectal cancer risk 2/23/2007
... by a whopping 66 per cent, but only in men not taking aspirin, suggests new research. Omega-3 has been identified as one of the super-nutrients taking the food and supplements industry by storm. Much of its healthy reputation that is seeping into consumer consciousness is based largely on evidence t ...
... by a whopping 66 per cent, but only in men not taking aspirin, suggests new research. Omega-3 has been identified as one of the super-nutrients taking the food and supplements industry by storm. Much of its healthy reputation that is seeping into consumer consciousness is based largely on evidence t ...
Media Release
... A team led by Ralf Linker, of Friedrich-AlexanderUniversity Erlangen-Nuremberg and his colleague Aiden Haghikia from the Ruhr-University Bochum in Germany compared in mice the effects of short-chain fatty acids, which are solely metabolized by gut bacteria and are typically found in fiber-rich diets ...
... A team led by Ralf Linker, of Friedrich-AlexanderUniversity Erlangen-Nuremberg and his colleague Aiden Haghikia from the Ruhr-University Bochum in Germany compared in mice the effects of short-chain fatty acids, which are solely metabolized by gut bacteria and are typically found in fiber-rich diets ...
Controlling Hypertension Without Synthetic Medications
... and cardiovascular troubles. Consider the cardiovascular aspect alone: electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, cardiac stress tests, cath labs procedures, and interpretation fees for each. Then there is cardiovascular surgery and cardiac rehabilitation. Avoiding all this with a mere amino acid supplem ...
... and cardiovascular troubles. Consider the cardiovascular aspect alone: electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, cardiac stress tests, cath labs procedures, and interpretation fees for each. Then there is cardiovascular surgery and cardiac rehabilitation. Avoiding all this with a mere amino acid supplem ...
Fatty Acids and the Immune System
... • Consumption of hydrogenated oils results in reduction of PUFAs in plasma membrane ...
... • Consumption of hydrogenated oils results in reduction of PUFAs in plasma membrane ...
Cell structure and Bioenergetics
... Short chain (2-4 carbons) and medium chain (6-12 carbons) - coconut oil, palm kernel oil = directly absorbed in small intestine, transport to the liver through the portal vein - diffuse freely without carnitine esterification into the mitochondria Long chain ( > 14 carbons) - found in triglycerol ...
... Short chain (2-4 carbons) and medium chain (6-12 carbons) - coconut oil, palm kernel oil = directly absorbed in small intestine, transport to the liver through the portal vein - diffuse freely without carnitine esterification into the mitochondria Long chain ( > 14 carbons) - found in triglycerol ...
Lipids_Notes
... Have the general formula R.COOH where R is hydrogen or a group such as CH3, C2H5, or C3H7 and so on. Usually many carbons in the fatty acids used to make lipids. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an even number of carbons ranging from 14 to 22. Fatty acids have a characteristically l ...
... Have the general formula R.COOH where R is hydrogen or a group such as CH3, C2H5, or C3H7 and so on. Usually many carbons in the fatty acids used to make lipids. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an even number of carbons ranging from 14 to 22. Fatty acids have a characteristically l ...
III: Cells Utilizing Oxygen to Form Lipid Regulators and Nitric Oxide
... 1. Membrane Phospholipid Containing a Glycerol Backbone and a Fatty Acid at the First Position, b Arachidonic Acid at the Second Position c Polar Phospholipid Moiety at the Third Position. ...
... 1. Membrane Phospholipid Containing a Glycerol Backbone and a Fatty Acid at the First Position, b Arachidonic Acid at the Second Position c Polar Phospholipid Moiety at the Third Position. ...
Eicosanoid Synthesis
... • –Produces leukotrienes from eicosanoic acids in leukocytes, mast cells, platelets, and macrophages in response to both immunologic and nonimuunologic stimuli. ...
... • –Produces leukotrienes from eicosanoic acids in leukocytes, mast cells, platelets, and macrophages in response to both immunologic and nonimuunologic stimuli. ...
Function of prostaglandins
... Synthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes from arachidonic acid. Many stimuli (e.g. epinephrine, thrombin and bradykinin) activate phospholipase A2 which hydrolyzes arachidonic acid from membrane ...
... Synthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes from arachidonic acid. Many stimuli (e.g. epinephrine, thrombin and bradykinin) activate phospholipase A2 which hydrolyzes arachidonic acid from membrane ...
Autacoids-summary-final
... cells by a secretory process during inflammatory or allergic reactions (Ag-Ab reactions). The secretory process is initiated by a raise in intracellular Ca2+. Histamine is released from mast cells during burns too. ...
... cells by a secretory process during inflammatory or allergic reactions (Ag-Ab reactions). The secretory process is initiated by a raise in intracellular Ca2+. Histamine is released from mast cells during burns too. ...
Inflammation
... ◦ Begins after delay (2-12 hours), lasts for hours or days ◦ Caused by mild thermal injury, UV radiation, bacterial toxins. ...
... ◦ Begins after delay (2-12 hours), lasts for hours or days ◦ Caused by mild thermal injury, UV radiation, bacterial toxins. ...
Differential effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on tendon
... are responsible for cartilage destruction. In these studies, supplementation of cartilage explant cultures with n-3 PUFAs resulted in the dose-dependent reduction in aggrecanase and collagenase proteolytic activity. In addition, the expression of m R N A for the inflammatory mediators cyclooxygenase ...
... are responsible for cartilage destruction. In these studies, supplementation of cartilage explant cultures with n-3 PUFAs resulted in the dose-dependent reduction in aggrecanase and collagenase proteolytic activity. In addition, the expression of m R N A for the inflammatory mediators cyclooxygenase ...
Hematologic System
... 2. Plasma proteins: make up about 7% of plasma. - Albumins (about 60% of total plasma protein) They are responsible for maintain normal plasma osmotic pressure. Albumins also act as carrier molecules for free fatty acids, some drugs and steroid hormones. - Globins their main functions are: as antibo ...
... 2. Plasma proteins: make up about 7% of plasma. - Albumins (about 60% of total plasma protein) They are responsible for maintain normal plasma osmotic pressure. Albumins also act as carrier molecules for free fatty acids, some drugs and steroid hormones. - Globins their main functions are: as antibo ...
Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids Increase Intracellular
... influx of extracellular Ca21.10 Likewise, 11,12-EET enhances the L-type Ca21 current in adult rat ventricular myocytes, although the Ca21 influx was not blocked by a voltage-dependent Ca21 channel antagonist.10,13 However, in a recent study EETs were reported to inhibit cardiac L-type Ca21 channel a ...
... influx of extracellular Ca21.10 Likewise, 11,12-EET enhances the L-type Ca21 current in adult rat ventricular myocytes, although the Ca21 influx was not blocked by a voltage-dependent Ca21 channel antagonist.10,13 However, in a recent study EETs were reported to inhibit cardiac L-type Ca21 channel a ...
Some Basic Rules on how Cancer behaves
... 1 - Cancer loves and feeds on sugar – Cancer cells have up to 24X more glucose receptor sites than do normal healthy cells and they consume 10 -15X more glucose (sugar) than normal cells. Tumors of the central nervous system seem to be the most sensitive to glucose, but all cancerous growth is fed b ...
... 1 - Cancer loves and feeds on sugar – Cancer cells have up to 24X more glucose receptor sites than do normal healthy cells and they consume 10 -15X more glucose (sugar) than normal cells. Tumors of the central nervous system seem to be the most sensitive to glucose, but all cancerous growth is fed b ...
III: Cells Utilizing Oxygen to Form Lipid Regulators and
... with sterile 5% dextrose. Controlling the rate of NP infusion allows very rapid decrease of blood pressure during surgery without overshoot. Also used in treatment of chronic hypertension and management of ...
... with sterile 5% dextrose. Controlling the rate of NP infusion allows very rapid decrease of blood pressure during surgery without overshoot. Also used in treatment of chronic hypertension and management of ...
III: Cells Utilizing Oxygen to Form Lipid Regulators and
... 2. Heparin* helps remove thrombin (produced by mast cells) ...
... 2. Heparin* helps remove thrombin (produced by mast cells) ...
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid
The epoxyeicosatrienoic acids or EETs are signaling molecules formed by the action of Cytochrome P450 epoxygenase on 20-carbon essential fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid, from which it is produced by the enzyme epoxygenase. These nonclassic eicosanoids act as short-range hormones, (i.e. they are autocrine and paracrine mediators) of the cardiovascular system and kidney. They produce vasorelaxation as well as anti-inflammatory and pro-fibrinolytic effects.EETs are metabolized by the soluble epoxide hydrolase to the corresponding vicinal diol, or dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs), which are biologically less active.