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Autoimmunity
Autoimmunity

... Superantigens might also explain the pattern we see in systemic lupus erythematosus, or SLE, one of the four types of lupus SLE appears mainly in females between the age of 20 and 40, more frequently in African-Americans Stress, overexposure to sun, infections, birth control pills, and pregnancy can ...
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... Major Histocompatibility Complex • A genetic “LOCUS” on Chromosome 6, which codes for cell surface compatibility • Also called HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigens) in humans and H-2 in mice • It’s major job is to make sure all self cell antigens are recognized and “tolerated”, because the general rule of ...
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...  Each rheumatic disease has a set of criteria used to make the diagnosis of that particular disease process. A lab test is just a small portion of that.  Normal individuals may have positive autoantibody tests without any disease process.  None of these tests is perfect. ...
The Immune System and Disease Chapter 40 Page 1030
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... reacts with a series of specific defenses called the immune response.   A substance that triggers the immune response is called an antigen.   Viruses, bacteria and other pathogens may serve as antigens. The reaction to a second infection by a particular pathogen is much  ...
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molecular mimicry - Institute of Pathophysiology

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The most serious incurable STI is human immunodeficiency

... STI vs. STD • STI: infection means the germ, virus, bacteria, or parasite that can cause disease is inside person’s body. – May not have symptoms or signs of disease – Can still pass it on to someone else ...
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A1988N811500002

... it was known that prostaglandins could influence cyclic nucleotide concentrations in several cell types, including human leukocytes. Thus, the stage was set for our studies. The data presented in the paper suggested that granule movement and acid hydrolase release from human PMN lysosomes requires i ...
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... Osteoporosis and Aging An estimated 25 million Americans have osteoporosis. It affects elderly people of all races and ethnicities. 20-25% of persons with a hip fracture are unable to return to independent living and 12-20% die within 1 year. Aging Q is funded by the DW Reynolds Foundation Diagnosti ...
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Rheumatoid arthritis



Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long lasting autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints. It typically results in warm, swollen, and painful joints. Pain and stiffness often worsen following rest. Most commonly the wrist and hands are involved with typically the same joints involved on both sides of the body. The disease may also affect other parts of the body. This may result in low red blood cells, inflammation around the lungs, and inflammation around the heart. Fever and low energy may also be present. Often symptoms come on gradually over weeks to months.While the cause of rheumatoid arthritis is not clear, it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The underlying mechanism involves the body's immune system attacking the joints. This results in inflammation and thickening of the joint capsule. It also affects the underlying bone and cartilage. The diagnosis is made mostly on the basis of a person's signs and symptoms. X-rays and laboratory testing may support a diagnosis or exclude other diseases with similar symptoms. Other diseases that may present similarly include systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriatic arthritis, and fibromyalgia among others.The goal of treatment is to improve pain, decrease inflammation, and improve a person's overall functioning. This may be helped by balancing rest and exercise, the use of splints and braces, or the use of assistive devices. Pain medications, steroids, and NSAIDs are frequently used to help with symptoms. A group of medications called disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) may be used to try to slow the progression of disease. They include the medications hydroxychloroquine and methotrexate. Biological DMARDs may be used when disease does not respond to other treatments. However, they may have a greater rate of adverse effects. Surgery to repair, replace, or fusion joints may help in certain situations. Most alternative medicine treatments are not supported by evidence.RA affects between 0.5 and 1% of adults in the developed world with between 5 and 50 per 100,000 people newly developing the condition each year. Onset is most frequent during middle age and women are affected 2.5 times as frequently as men. In 2013 it resulted in 38,000 deaths up from 28,000 deaths in 1990. The first recognized description of RA was made in 1800 by Dr. Augustin Jacob Landré-Beauvais (1772–1840) of Paris. The term rheumatoid arthritis is based on the Greek for watery and inflamed joints.
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