The immunological principles underlying vaccine
... steps occur. Viral genetic material is released and transcription occurs leading to the production of viral proteins, which are then assembled into new virions. As the virus replicates, intracellular defence systems lead to disruption of some virions: these viral fragments are then loaded onto MHC I ...
... steps occur. Viral genetic material is released and transcription occurs leading to the production of viral proteins, which are then assembled into new virions. As the virus replicates, intracellular defence systems lead to disruption of some virions: these viral fragments are then loaded onto MHC I ...
The Innate Immunity Resource Guide
... These cells are the main line of defense in the non-specific immune system by interacting, identifying, capturing cellular debris, foreign particles or invading microorganisms, and eliminating the pathogens that might cause infection.[5] Phagocytic cells in the innate immune system utilize a number ...
... These cells are the main line of defense in the non-specific immune system by interacting, identifying, capturing cellular debris, foreign particles or invading microorganisms, and eliminating the pathogens that might cause infection.[5] Phagocytic cells in the innate immune system utilize a number ...
Everyday our bodies are under attack. While invisible to the naked
... system cells and molecules at an infected of injured site. This immune response is good for the body, and is designed to promote healing. The clearest example of this process at work can be viewed when an individual cuts his or her finger. The initial swelling and redness (inflammation) indicates th ...
... system cells and molecules at an infected of injured site. This immune response is good for the body, and is designed to promote healing. The clearest example of this process at work can be viewed when an individual cuts his or her finger. The initial swelling and redness (inflammation) indicates th ...
Immune responses in viral infections
... eliminating the bacteria and at neutralizing the effects of their toxins. Innate immunity: 1. Phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils. 2. Complement activation and inflammation. Complement activation leads to phagocytosis and lysis. Gram positive bacteria contain peptidoglycan that activate alte ...
... eliminating the bacteria and at neutralizing the effects of their toxins. Innate immunity: 1. Phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils. 2. Complement activation and inflammation. Complement activation leads to phagocytosis and lysis. Gram positive bacteria contain peptidoglycan that activate alte ...
Host-Microbe Interactions - Ch 17
... Often major cause of damage to infected host Exotoxins are secreted by bacterium or leak into surrounding fluids following cell lysis › Toxins act locally or systemically › Made of protein ...
... Often major cause of damage to infected host Exotoxins are secreted by bacterium or leak into surrounding fluids following cell lysis › Toxins act locally or systemically › Made of protein ...
Cancer & Transplantation, Aug 22
... Complement • Complement: – complex group of plasma proteins that are preformed (not made in response to infection) – found in serum and body fluids – produced mainly by liver cells – can be thought of as a form of innate humoral immunity • Activation of complement results in a cascade of molecular e ...
... Complement • Complement: – complex group of plasma proteins that are preformed (not made in response to infection) – found in serum and body fluids – produced mainly by liver cells – can be thought of as a form of innate humoral immunity • Activation of complement results in a cascade of molecular e ...
Vaccines
... Vaccines • Protect our body from contracting viruses and certain types of bacteria • Allow body to become immune to a specific pathogens – Example: Flu vaccine ...
... Vaccines • Protect our body from contracting viruses and certain types of bacteria • Allow body to become immune to a specific pathogens – Example: Flu vaccine ...
IMMUNOTHERAPY
... existing immune response, as in cases of autoimmunity or allergy, are classified as .suppression immunotherapies ...
... existing immune response, as in cases of autoimmunity or allergy, are classified as .suppression immunotherapies ...
Isotype switching Diversification of Igs after B cells encounter antigens
... Very common Induce IgG and all other isotypes Much stronger immune response ...
... Very common Induce IgG and all other isotypes Much stronger immune response ...
Anti-tumor immune mechanisms
... days to weeks after the transplantation or after a lack of immunosuppressive treatment cell-mediated immune response mechanism: reaction of recipient TH1 and TC cells against Ag of graft tissue infiltration by lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes around small vessels → destruction of the tra ...
... days to weeks after the transplantation or after a lack of immunosuppressive treatment cell-mediated immune response mechanism: reaction of recipient TH1 and TC cells against Ag of graft tissue infiltration by lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes around small vessels → destruction of the tra ...
31.3 Immune Responses
... • Allergens can cause anaphylaxis or (Anaphylactic shock) – Anaphylaxis is an extreme inflammation response. – Blood vessels and airways become too porous. – If not treated immediately, anaphylaxis can cause death. ...
... • Allergens can cause anaphylaxis or (Anaphylactic shock) – Anaphylaxis is an extreme inflammation response. – Blood vessels and airways become too porous. – If not treated immediately, anaphylaxis can cause death. ...
Acquired Immunity Defends Against Infection of Body Cells and Fluids
... • Example: Skin transplanted from one person to a genetically non identical person will look healthy for a week or so but then will be destroyed by the recipient's immune response. • Keep in mind that the body’s hostile reaction to a transplant of other tissues or whole organs or to an incompatible ...
... • Example: Skin transplanted from one person to a genetically non identical person will look healthy for a week or so but then will be destroyed by the recipient's immune response. • Keep in mind that the body’s hostile reaction to a transplant of other tissues or whole organs or to an incompatible ...
October 9, 2014
... HIV-specific T-cell functionality. Through in vitro and ex vivo cellular assays, the study demonstrated that antibodies used in combination against CD160 and PD-1, significantly increased HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell proliferation. The enhanced immune response observed from this co-targeting strategy r ...
... HIV-specific T-cell functionality. Through in vitro and ex vivo cellular assays, the study demonstrated that antibodies used in combination against CD160 and PD-1, significantly increased HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell proliferation. The enhanced immune response observed from this co-targeting strategy r ...
Immune Hemolytic Anemias
... • Remove antibodies coating the patient’s red cells • Incubate these uncoated cells with the patient plasma to adsorb autoantibodies • Repeat as many times as necessary to get autoantibodies out of plasma • React patient plasma, which should have all autoantibodies removed, with panel cells • Rule o ...
... • Remove antibodies coating the patient’s red cells • Incubate these uncoated cells with the patient plasma to adsorb autoantibodies • Repeat as many times as necessary to get autoantibodies out of plasma • React patient plasma, which should have all autoantibodies removed, with panel cells • Rule o ...
دانلود
... • Pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMP):dsRNA,Nformylmethionine,LPS,teichoic acid ,mannose • Toll Like receptors ...
... • Pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMP):dsRNA,Nformylmethionine,LPS,teichoic acid ,mannose • Toll Like receptors ...
DiGeorge`s syndrome
... Delayed umblical cord separation > 2 wk They don't have sign of inflammation such as swelling, warmth or pus formation ...
... Delayed umblical cord separation > 2 wk They don't have sign of inflammation such as swelling, warmth or pus formation ...
Chapter 36 - Immune System
... with antibodies that bind with the invader’s antigen are stimulated to reproduce rapidly. • B-cells differentiate into either plasma cells or memory B-cells. Plasma cells rapidly produce antibodies. Memory cells retain the “memory” of the invader and remain ready to divide rapidly if an invasion occ ...
... with antibodies that bind with the invader’s antigen are stimulated to reproduce rapidly. • B-cells differentiate into either plasma cells or memory B-cells. Plasma cells rapidly produce antibodies. Memory cells retain the “memory” of the invader and remain ready to divide rapidly if an invasion occ ...
Complement system
The complement system is a part of the immune system that helps or complements the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens from an organism. It is part of the innate immune system, which is not adaptable and does not change over the course of an individual's lifetime. However, it can be recruited and brought into action by the adaptive immune system.The complement system consists of a number of small proteins found in the blood, in general synthesized by the liver, and normally circulating as inactive precursors (pro-proteins). When stimulated by one of several triggers, proteases in the system cleave specific proteins to release cytokines and initiate an amplifying cascade of further cleavages. The end-result of this activation cascade is massive amplification of the response and activation of the cell-killing membrane attack complex. Over 30 proteins and protein fragments make up the complement system, including serum proteins, serosal proteins, and cell membrane receptors. They account for about 5% of the globulin fraction of blood serum and can serve as opsonins.Three biochemical pathways activate the complement system: the classical complement pathway, the alternative complement pathway, and the lectin pathway.